Emperor

a title first used by the Romans to designate the commander of an army, the command itself being ealled imperium. In the proce of time it was found nece ary to confer the imperium permanently on the governors of provinces, Julius Cesar bore it as being commander-in-chief of the Roman armies, and from him it pa ed to his succe ors, the emperors. The title bore with it also the supreme judicial and the administrative power; under the empire the office was free from the temporal and local limitations which had accompanied its enjoyment during the republic. From the Emperors of the West the title pa ed to Charlemagne, the founder of the Holy Roman Em-_. pire. When the Car loving i an family expired in the German branch, the imperial crown became elective, and continued to be so till, in 1806, Francis II. resigned the title and withdrew to the government of his hereditary dominions, under the title a umed in 1805 of Emperor of Austria. The title was frequently a umed in England by the Anglo-Saxon monarchs in imitation of their Roman and Byzantine contemporaries. In addition to the Emperor of Austria, there are now in Europe the Emperor of Ru ia, and the Emperor of Germany; in 1901 King Edward VII. of England a umed the title of Emperor of India. The First and Second Empires in France were established in 1804 and 1852; in America there have been Haitian emperors and Mexican, and the Empire of. Brazil existed from 1822 to 1889. Modern usage applies the title to sundry semicivilized monarchs, such as the rulers of Moroceo, China, and Japan; and the Turkish sultans a umed it on the fall of the Eastern Empire in 1433. L ->- < 7. 4,) NAR ea) Be. ORS SS iG),. SA\\ was 7. Tee a EMPEROR MOTH, WITH CATERPILLAR, PUPA AND COCOON. Emperor Moth, the general color greyish, with white hairs and purple tinges; wings with a hinder white band. Two white-purplish and dark brown transverse stripes and an E. 52. ocellus on each wing. Expansion of wings in the female occasionally three inches, but in the male only two and a half. The caterpillar feeds on the common ling or heath, on the blackthorn, the bramble, etc.