Oleomargarine.

But'teris, n. (Farriery.) An instrument of steel set in a wooden handle, used for paring the hoof of a horse. Butte River, in Cal ., rises in Butte co., and after a S.S.W. course empties into the Sacramento in Sutter co. Buttermilk, n . The milk which is left after the but- ter has been separated by means of churning, or other proce . B. contains the caseine, sugar, and salts of ordinary milk, and is only deficient in oily matter. It is Button-bush, n . ( Bot . ) See CEPHALANTHUS. -v. a . To fasten with a button or buttons; to inclose or make secure with buttons. Sometimes preceding up ; as, he buttoned up up his h coat. -v. i. To be fastened with a button or buttons; as, to button a garment. tum , is a very agreeable, cooling beverage, and is therefore useful in certain febrile and inflammatory conditions. Buttermilk Channel, in New York harbor, sep a- rates Governor's Island from Long Island. Buttermilk Falls, of New York , a cascade on the W. bank of the Hudson, 2 m. below West Point. Buttermilk Falls, in Pennsylvania , a post-village of Wyoming co., on the Susquehanna River. The water- power here is excellent. But'ton-tree, n. ( Bot . ) See CONOCARPUS. But'ton-weed, n. ( Bot .) See DIODIA; SPERMACOCE. But'ter-nut, n. ( Bot . ) See JUGLANS. Butternuts, in New York , a post-township of Otsego But'ton-wood, n. ( Bot . ) See PLATAN US. co., drained by Unadilla River, 90 m. W. by S. from Al- bany. Butternut Valley, in Minnesota , a post-village of Blue Earth co., abt. 20 m. W. by N. of Mankato, on Lit- tle Cottonwood River. Butter-tooth, n. One of the broad front teeth. Butter-tree, n. ( Bot . ) The gen. Ba ia , q. v. But'ter-wife, But'ter-woman, n. A woman who Butter-wort, n. ( Bot .) See PINGUICULA. But'tery, a. Having the qualities or appearance of butter. -n. An apartment in a house or college, where butter, milk, provisions, and utensils are kept. Butte Valley, in California , a post-village of Plumas But'tevant, a town of Ireland , Cork co., is about 311⁄2 m. W. of Done raile, and on the river Awbeg; pop . 1,600. But'teville, in Oregon , a post-village of Marion co., 28 m. N.N.E. of Salem, on the Willamette River. Butt'-hinge, n. ( Carpentry .) A hinge used in hanging doors, shutters, . But'ting, n. A boundary of land. But'ting-joint, n. ( Carpentry .) See JOINT. But'tock, n . [Fr. bout , the end.] The protuberant ter- min at i on of the body behind; the rump. (Naut.) The round part of a ship abaft, from the wing- transom to the upper water-line, or lower down. Button, n. [Fr. bouton ; W. botwn , from bot , a round body.] An article of dre used for the fastening of cloth- ing or for ornament. Buttons are made of an end- le variety of materials, the proce es employed in the manufacture varying according to the substance used. Metal, wire, wood, bone, gla , shell, mother-of-pearl, precious stones, velvet, silk, paste-board, ., are used. Birmingham is, in Europe, the place where they are most extensively manufactured. They are made in a great variety of shapes; but, at the present time, these may be cla ed under four heads:- buttons with shanks, buttons without shanks, buttons on rings or wire moulds, and buttons covered with cloth or other mate- rial. Buttons with shanks are usually made of bra , which is supplied to the manufacturer in sheets of the required thickne . By means of fly-pre es and punch- es, circular discs, called blanks , are cut out of these sheets. This is mostly performed by females, who can furnish about thirty blanks per minute, or twelve gro in an hour. Hand-punching is the general mode of cut- ting out blanks; but more complicated machines, which cut out eight or ten blanks at a time, are in use. After being punched, the edges of the blanks are very sharp, and require to be smoothed and rounded. Their sur- faces are then planished on the face by placing them separately in a die under a small stamp, and allowing them to receive a sharp blow from a polished steel ham- mer. In this state they are ready to receive the shanks , or small metal loops by which they are attached to the dre . The shank manufacture is a distinct branch of the button industry. They are made by machines in which a coil of wire is gradually advanced towards a pair of shears which cuts off short pieces. A metal finger then pre es against the middle of each piece, first bending it and then pre ing it into a vice, where it is compre ed so as to form a loop; a hammer then strikes the two ends, spreading them into a flat surface, and the shank is pushed out of the machine ready for use. The shanks are attached to the blanks by women, with iron wire, solder, and resin. They are then put into an oven, and, when firmly united, form plain buttons. If a crest or inscription is wanted, the button is placed in a die and stamped. After being cleaned, they can be silvered or gilt. (See GILDING.) The manufacture of gilt but- tons has fallen off greatly of late years, the Florentine and silk buttons having superseded them. Wire but- tons are rings of wire covered with cloth. Horn B. But'tre , n. [Fr. aboutir , to border on, to abut; from bout , an end, from Celt. bod , bottom, end.] ( Arch .) A ma of masonry or brickwork, built to IMG:content-0820.jpg:[graphic] resist the horizontal thrust of another ma ; though when they are on the op- posite side to the thrust, and below the line of its effort, they are frequently called counter forts. B. are much used in Gothic architecture to counterbalance the outward thrust of the arches, or of the vaulting which covers the naves and aisles of cat he- drals. When they are open, and carry down the thrust to a point of support at some distance from the spot where it is exercised, they are called flying buttre es. -v. a. To prop; to support by a buttre . But'trice, n. ( Parriery .) See BUTTER IS. Butts, in Georgia , a central co., bounded on the E. and N.E. by the Oconee River, and drained by Ta ahaw, Yellow Water, and Sandy creeks. Area . abt. 180 sq. m. Surface, generally level. Soil , fairly productive; granite beds are pretty numerous. Cap . Jackson. Butt'-shaft, n. A bolt or arrow used to shoot at arch- ery butts with. Butts'ville, in Mi ouri , a post-office of Grundy co. Butt-weld, n. (Mech.) See JUMP-WELD. Bu'tyl, TETRYL, VALYL, n. (Chem.) An organic radical, discovered by Kolbe among the products obtained by electrolysis, from valerate of potash. Form . CoHg. When pure, it is a limpid oil, with an agreeable ethereal odor. It boils at 226° Fahr., and may be distilled with- out alteration. It is one of the lightest known fluids, its spec. grav. being only 0-694. It is the radical of a great number of very interesting organic compounds. It has been called "valyl" by certain chemists, from being formed from valeric acid, and by others "tetryl," from being fourth in the series of hydrocarbon radicals, as follows: 1. Methyl, C2H3; 2. Ethyl, C4H5; 3. Propyl, and cheese are mixed with sufficient water to form a so-1 lution of sp. gr. 1.070, and exposed to a temperature of 80° or 90° for some weeks, butyric fermentation ensues, the liquid becomes ropy, and gives rise to lactic acid, which unites with the lime and forms lactate of lime. The lactate of lime in turn becomes decomposed, giving rise to butyrate of lime in abundance.