EUGENE, FRANCO IS, PRINCE

French general, was b. at Paris. the youngest s. of the Count of gs. of Duke of Savoy. Originally ded for the church, but his tastes more for military renown. father’s death, and on the Louis XIV. to give him a commi io left France and served under Leopold as a volunteer against Turks, He displayed great courage tactical talent, and rapidly rose. Coalition War in Italy against covered himself with glory, field-marshal in 1693, and put to Turkish power in Hungary ning the famous battle of Zenta He commanded the Italian army War of Succe ion in 1701, but littie of importance, owing to ne of his forces. In 1703 he president of the council of over command of the German a isted Marl borough to win of Blenheim, 1704. After being by the French general, Vendome, 4wice wounded, he defeated the and drove them out of Italy. with Marl borough the retirement of England and Holland the struggle, Prince E. was unable t to withstand the enemy on the Rhin Nobel and was defeated by Villars in 171 In 1716 war with the Turks recon of 3rd menced, and the prince was everywhe! except succe ful. He defeated an army twic Alexandria; the size of his own at Peterwerdein, too of Temesvar, and after a desperate batt was till took Belgrade by a ault. After tk introduction Peace of Pa arowitz he labored_wit the unwearied energy in the cabinet. He: algebra, at Vienna. method, to be EUGENICS (Gr. eu, ‘well’, and geno authority. ‘race’), the science which treats of tl Euclid’s physical well-being of a race and of tl of his influences which tend towards improv discovered ment or degeneration, From ear the times efforts have been made by vario Superfici es, nations to produce a physically sour race. It was left, however, to § Francis Galton to crystallize the id in Lane into a science. Besides writing al It is on research, Galton founded a chair Eleceugenics in the univ. of London, m and held by Karl Pearson, who has direct of a much valuable statistical research, whi region has not been impugned. Eugeni: lumber hold that nature is much more import a can than nurture (their relations bei maby 6 to 1). Goring confirm of expre ed seat the earlier work of Heron, proving fr¢ Eugene statistics taken from criminals (a um library to represent for this purpose a char 1920, selection of the general populatio: that consumption is almost if not who DE due to heredity. Drunkenne is a renowned stated to be much le due to surrour He was ings than to inherited tendenci So is sons, Other work of the eugenists claims in ten prove that the profe ional cla es; much le fertile in production than 1 were After his wastrels of the community. T refusal of theories of eugenics are based upon ' study of heredity. It seeks to apply ' n, he Emperor knowledge thus obtained to the impro the|ment of the human stock by select: and|in mating. It has been proved that ' In the qualities which influence heredity | France, he contained in the chromatin of the nucl a | of the male and female germ cell. 1 became an end | substance s contained in'chromatic < by win which influence development are cal in 1697. | deter min a nts, and in certain direct i in the | their influence may be predicted. | effected | periment s upon flowers and guinea | the small has proved that characteristics may became| trans mitt ed. Similarly it is belie war, took|that in man these qualities may army, and transmitted with equal certainty. the batitle | the breeding of domestic animals imy checked | tant results have been obtained; and strains have been develope d marked French | certain qualities which are desira He shared | such as milk productio n, fat format i victories of| wool production, etc. All these anim After the| however, were bred under strictly ar from| cial conditions, It has also been fo! <heg that only the qualities resident in the germ affect heredity and that qualities which are acquired and are due to environment are not inherited. While this is true, conditions of environment are equally important for the improvement of the race, for a good environment may make po ible the development of qualities which otherwise night be suppre ed. The most important qualities which affect man in his social relations are the mental, such as general mental ability, temperament, etc. These are undoubtedly due to inheritance but! to what extent is unknown. The application of eugenics is still in its infancy and there is need of more extended and exact knowledge of heredity in man before any general measures looking toward the improvement of the race can be undertaken with expectation of succe . 1826-1920), ex-empre of the French. 6. ranada; of Span., Ital., and Scot. descent; married Napoleon III. 1853; retired to Chislehurst, Kent, with deposed emperor and son 1871; afterwards lived at Farnborough and Cap Martin; her!son the Prince Imperial was killed while serving as a volunteer in the Brit. force in Zuzuland 1879.