Mali

See Mandingo. Malia (mä'le-ä), Cape. A promontory at the southeastern extremity of Laconia, Greece: the ancient Malea. Maliacus Sinus (ma-li'a-kus si'nus). [L., 'Maliac Gulf.'] In ancient geography, an arm of the Ægean Sea, south of The aly, Greece: the modern Gulf of Lamia. Malibran (mä-le-bron'), Madame (Maria Felicita Garcia), later Madame de Bériot. Born at Paris, March 24, 1808: died at Manchester, England, Sept. 23, 1836. A celebrated opera singer, daughter and pupil of Manuel Garcia. Her voice was a contralto. In 1824 she appeared in public for the first time at a musical club. Her operatic début was on June 7, 1825, in London, where she took the place of Pasta who was ill. She made a great sensation, and after this she went to New York with her father. In the was at once engaged for the rest of the season. Shortly midst of a succe ful season there he married her to Mr. Malibran, who soon became bankrupt. In 1827 she left him and returned to France. She sang with increasing succe in Paris, London, and other cities till the time of her death. In 1836 she married the violinist De Bériot, with whom she had lived from 1830. Malignants (ma-lig'nants), The. In English history, the adherents of Charles I. and his son Charles II. during the civil war; the Royalists; the Cavaliers: so called by the Round heads, the opposite party. Malinche. See Malintzin . Malines. See Mechlin . Malintzin (mä-lēnt-zēn'). The name given by the Mexican Indians to Marina, the Indian mistre of Hernando Cortés. See Marina . Either her original Indian name was Malina, or the Indians so pronounced her Spanish name; and the suffix - tzin ('chief,' lady) was added out of respect. Subsequently Cortés himself was called Malintzin, the name in this case meaning 'lord of Marina.' The Spaniards corrupted Malintzin to Malinche. Malis (mā'lis). [Gr. ἡ Μαλίς γή.] In ancient geography, a district of Greece, south of The aly and north of Doris. Mall (mel or mal), The. A broad promenade in St. James's Park, London, planted with rows of trees. The name is also given to a somewhat similar promenade in the Central Park, New York. See Pall Mall . Mallarino (mäl-yä-rēnō), Manuel Maria. Born in Cauca, 1798: died at Bogotá, Jan. 6, 1872. A politician of New Granada (Colombia). He was vice-president under Obando in 1853, and president 1855-57. Mallet (mal'et), originally Malloch (mal'loch), David. Born at Crieff, Perth shire, about 1700: died in England, April 21, 1765. A Scottish poet and author. He wrote the plays "Mustapha" (1739), "Eurydice" (1731), and "Elvira" (1763). "Alfred, a Masque,' was written with Thomson, and "Rule, Britannia," one of the songs contained in it, has been claimed for both. Among his poems were "The Excursion" (1728), "The Hermit" (1742), and several volumes of miscellaneous verse. Mallet (mä-lā'), Paul Henri. Born at Geneva, 1730: died there, Feb. 8, 1807. A Swi historian and student of Scand in avian antiquities, profe or of belles-lettres at the Academy of Copenhagen 1752-60. He was appointed profe or of history at the Academy of Geneva in the latter year. He published an "Introduction à l'his to ire du Danemark, etc." (1755-56), "Northern Antiquities" (1770), "Monuments de la my tho logie et de la poésie des Celtes et particulièrement des anciens Scand in aves" (1756), "His to ire du Danemark" (1758-77), etc. Mallet du Pan (mä-lā' dü pon), Jacques. Born at Geneva, 1749: died in England, May 10, 1800. A Swi publicist. He was profe or of French literature at Ca el in 1772; soon went to London, where he occupied himself with journalism; founded the "Mémoires Historiques, Politiques, et Littéraires" at Geneva in 1779; went to Paris in 1783, where he founded, with Pankoucke, the "Journal Hist or i que et Politique," later combined with the "Mercure de France" (suppre ed in 1792); fled Malone from France in 1792; and settled in London in 1799, where he founded the "Mercure Britannique." Mallock (mal'ok), William Hurrell. Born in Devons hire (1), 1849. An English author. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, and gained the Newdigate prize there in 1871. Among his works are "The New Republic, etc." (1877), "The New Paul and Virginia, etc." (1878), "Lucretius" (1878), "Is Life worth living?" (1879), "Poems" (1880), "A Romance of the Nineteenth Century" (1881), "Social Equality, etc." (1882), "Property and Progre , etc." (1884), "Landlords and the National Income" (1884), "Atheism and the Value of Life, etc." (1884), "The Old Order Changes" (1886). Mallorca. See Majorca . Mallory (mal'ō-ri), Stephen Ru ell. Born in Trinidad, West Indies, 1813: died at Pensacola, Fla., Nov. 9, 1873. An American politician. He was a Democratic United States senator from Florida 18511861, when he resigned on the sece ion of his State. He was in the latter year appointed by President Davis sec retary of the navy of the Confederate States, a position which he held until the end of the war in 1865. Mallow (mal'ō). A town in the county of Cork, Ireland, situated on the Blackwater 18 miles north-northwest of Cork. It contains a warm mineral spring. Population (1891), 4,366. Malm a is on (mäl-mā-zôn'). A hamlet a few miles west of Paris, noted for its castle, the residence of the empre Josephine 1798-1814. Malmedy (mäl'me-de). A town in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, situated on the Warche 25 miles south of Aix-la-Chapelle. Population M1890), 4,447. Malmesbury (mämz'ber-i 'ber-i). A town in Wilts hire, England, situated on the Lower Avon 23 miles east-northeast of Bristol. It formerly contained a Benedictine monastery. Hobbes was born there. Population (1891), 2,964. Malmesbury, Earl of. See Harris , James. Malmö (mäl'mė). A seaport, capital of the laen of Malmöhus, situated on the Sound, nearly opposite Copenhagen, in lat. 55° 36′ N., long. 13o E. It is the third city of Sweden in importance; has manufactures of gloves; exports grain, etc.; and was formerly one of the leading northern seaports. A truce between Pru ia and Denmark was concluded here in 1848. Population (1891), 49,402. Malmöhus (mäl'mė-hös). The southernmost laen of Sweden, bordering on the Baltic, Sound, and Cattegat. Area, 1,347 square miles. Population (1893), estimated, 374,621. Malmström (mälm's trém), Bernhard Elis. Born in Nerike, Sweden, March 14, 1816: died at Upsala, June 21, 1865. A Swedish poet and writer. He studied at Upsala, where in 1843 he became docent, and in 1856 profe or of esthetics and the history of literature. His first work was the epic poem "Ariadne," which appeared in 1838. In 1840 he was awarded of the Swedish Academy for the elegiac cycle "Angelica." Among his other poetical works are the narrative poem "Fisk arf lick an från Tunnelsö" ("The Fisher Maid of Tunnel so") and a number of lyrics. In the field of criticism he is the author of "Literaturhistoriska Studier" ("Studies in Literary History") and the collection of lectures "Grunddragen af Svenska Vitterhetens Hist or i a" ("Elements of the History of Swedish Literature," published after his death, 1866-68, 5 vols.). Maloja (mä-lō'yä), It. Maloggia (mä-lod'jä). A in southern part of the canton of Grisons, Switzerland, connecting the Upper En gadine with Chiavenna (in Italy). Height, 5,960 feet. Malojaroslavetz, or Maloyaroslavetz (mä-lōyä-ro-slä'vets yä-ro-slä'vets). A town in the government of Kaluga, Ru ia, situated on the Lusha 66 miles southwest of Moscow. Here, Oct. 24, 1812, Napoleon was checked by the Ru ians. Popula tion (1885-89), 4,479. Malone (ma-lon'). The capital of Franklin County, New York, situated on Salmon River, 42 miles west by north of Plattsburg. Population (1890), 4,986. Malone, Edmund. Born at Dublin, Oct. 4, 1741: died at London, April 25, 1812. An Irish literary critic and Shaksperian scholar. He graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, and in 1763 went to London and became a law student in the Inner Temple. Returning to Ire land, he was called to the Irish bar in 1767. Not long after this his father's death left him in po e ion of a small estate and sufficient money to live upon. He therefore returned to London to devote himself to literature. He soon entered the best political and literary society, and counted among his friends Johnson, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Bishop Percy, Burke, Canning, Horace Walpole, and others. His edition of Shakspere was published in 1790, but he had previously written an "Attempt to ascertain the order in which the plays of Shakspere were written" (1778), a supplement to Johnson's edition of Shakspere (1780), containing observa tions on the Elizabeth an stage and the text of 5 plays wrongly ascribed to Shakspere, etc. He published an edi Sir Joshua Reynolds's works in 1797, and an edition of Dryden, 4 volumes of which appeared in 1800. Besides writing a number of minor works, he found time to devote himself to book-collecting, and accumulated a large library. After his death the greater part of it was sent to Oxford. He left material for another edition of Shakspere, which was published by James Boswell the younger in 1821, and is known as the "third variorum Shakspere," sometimes as "Boswell's Malone." Malory Malory (mal'ō-ri), Sir Thomas. Born probably about 1430: died after 1470. The author of the prose romance "Morte Arthure" (which see). Little is known of him. Malou (mä-lö'), Jules. Born at Ypres, Belgium, Oct. 19, 1810: died at Bru els, July 11, 1886. A Belgian politician of the clerical party, premier 1871-78 and 1884. Malpighi (mäl-pē'ge), Marcello. Born near Bologna, Italy, March 10, 1628: died at Rome, Nov. 29, 1694. An Italian anatomist and physiologist, the founder of microscopic anatomy. He was lecturer on medicine at Bologna (1656), profe or at Pisa (1657), at Bologna (1660), at Me ina (1662), and again at Bologna. In 1691 he went to Rome as physician to Pope Innocent XII. Malplaquet (mäl-plä-ka'). A village in the department of Nord, France, near the Belgian frontier, 20 miles east of Valenciennes. It was the scene, Sept. 11, 1709, of a victory of the allied English, Dutch, and Austrian forces (about 120,000) under the Duke of Marl borough and Prince Eugene over the French (about 90,000) under Villars. The lo of the Allies was about 20,000; that of the French, probably from 11,000 to 14,000. Malstatt-Burbach (mäl'stät - bör bäch). A town in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, situated on the Saar, opposite Saarbrücken, 32 miles south-southeast of Treves. It has iron manufactures. Population (1890), 18,134. Mälstrom. See Maelstrom . Malta (mal'tä), F. Malte (mält). [Probably Phenic i an, 'refuge.'] The chief of the Maltese Islands, situated about lat. 35° 55′ N., long. 14° 30′ E.: the ancient Melita. Chief town, Valetta. The surface is hilly. It is an important strategic point. The island anciently belonged to the Phenic i ans, and later to the Romans. It was the scene of the shipwreck of St. Paul. (For further history, see see Maltese Islands.) Length, 17 miles. Breadth, 9 miles. Area, about 95 square miles. Malta, Knights of. See Hospitalers of St. John of Jerusalem , Order of the. Malte-Brun (mäl'te-brön; F.pron. mält-brun'), Conrad (originally Malte Conrad Brunn). Born at This ted, Denmark, Aug. 12, 1775: died at Paris, Dec. 14, 1826. A noted Danish-French geographer and publicist, author of "Précis de géographie universelle" (commenced 1810, continued by Huot), collaborator with Mentelle and Herbin in "Géographie mathématique, etc." (1803-07), and founder of the "Annales des voyages" (1808). Malte-Brun, Victor Adolphe. Born 1816: died 1889. A French geographer, son of Conrad Malte-Brun: general secretary of the Geographical Society of Paris. Maltese (mål-tēs' or mål-tēz') Islands. A British colony in the Mediterranean, comprising Malta, Gozo, Comino, and two islets. Capital, Valetta. They produce corn, cotton, tropical fruits, etc. The inhabitants are chiefly Maltese. The islands were conquered by the vandals, Goths, and Saracens (5th to 9th century); belonged to Sicily from the 12th to 16th century; were granted to the Knights of St. John in 1530; resisted the Turks 1565, when a siege of Malta conducted by Mustapha Pasha was succe fully opposed by the Knights; were conquered by Bonaparte in 1788; and were taken by the English in 1800, their po e ion being confirmed by treaty in 1814. The colony is administered by a governor with an executive council and a council of govern ment. Area, 119 square miles. Population (1892), 166,889. Malthus (mal'thus), Thomas Robert. Born near Guild ford, Surrey, Feb. 17, 1766: died at St. Catharine's, near Bath, Dec. 23, 1834. An English political economist. He graduated at Cambridge in 1788, and became a fellow of Jesus College in 1793. In 1798 he took orders, and was made curate of Albury, Surrey. In 1798 he published his first e ay on the "Principle of Population," which he defines to be that population increases in a geometrical and means of subsistence in an arithmetical ratio, and that vice and crime are nece ary checks of this increase in numbers (the so-called "Mal thus i an doctrine"). He published in 1803 a revision of the "E ay on Population." In 1805 he was made pro fe or of history and political economy at Haileybury: His other are "The Nature Progre of Rent" (1815), which stated the now generally accepted theory of rent, and "Political Economy" (1820). In politics he was a Whig; he supported the Catholic emancipation, and accepted the Reform Bill. Maltitz (mäl'tits), Baron A poll on i us von. Born at Gera, Germany, June 11, 1795: died at Weimar, Germany, March 2, 1870. A German poet, dramatist, and novelist, brother of F. F. von Maltitz. Maltitz, Baron Franz Fried rich von. Born at Nuremberg, June 6, 1794: died at Boppard, Pru ia, April 25, 1857. A German dramatic and lyric IMG:content-0651.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0652.png:[blocks in formation] Maltzan (mält'sän), He in rich Karl Eckardt Mamers (mä-mar'). A town in the department Helmuth von, Baron of War ten berg and Penzof Sarthe, France, situated on the Dive 24 miles lin. Born at Dresden, Sept. 6, 1826: committed north-northeast of Le Mans. Population (1891), suicide at Pisa, Italy, Feb. 22, 1874. A German commune, 6,016. traveler, ethnologist, philologist, and archæolo- Mamertines (mam'er-tinz 'ér-tinz). [L. Mamertini .] gist. He published works descriptive of his travels in Ara- bia, northern Africa, and the East generally (including "Meine Wallfahrt nach Mekka," 1865). Malula (mä-löʻlä). A village in Syria, situated between Damascus and Baalbec. It is inhabited by Christians only, and the Aramaic dialect of the time of Christ is still spoken there. Malus (mä-lüs'), Étienne Louis. Born at Paris, June 23, 1775: died there, Feb., 1812. A French physicist and engineer, noted for discoveries in optics, especially the polarization of light by re- flection. Malvasia. See Monembasia . Malvern (mal' vern). A health-resort in Worcesters hire, England, 7 miles southwest of Worcester. It comprises the town of Great Malvern and sev eral villages. Near it are the Malvern Hills. It has a priory church, a college and other schools. Population (1891), 6,107. Malvern Hill (mal'vern hil). A plateau near the James River, Virginia, southeast of Richmond. Here, July 1, 1862, the Federals under McClellan defeated the Confederates under Lee (the last of the "Seven Days' Battles"). Malvern Hills (mâl'vèrn hilz). A range of hills on the borders of Worcesters hire and Here ford shire, England. Highest point, Worcester Beacon (1,444 feet). Malvolio (mal-võ'li-ō). In Shakspere's comedy "Twelfth Night," Olivia's steward, a conceited, grave, self-important personage forced into comic positions by the fantastic nature of the situation. Malwa (mal'wä). A former kingdom in central India, and afterward a Mogul province. It belongs longs longs now chiefly to Indore, Bhopal, Sindhia, and other native states. Malynes, or Malines (mä-len'), or de Malines, Gerard. Flourished 1586-1641. An English merchant and economist, the son of an English: English mint master. He came to England with his father in 1561. In 1586 he was commi ioner of trade in the Low Countries, and in 1609 was appointed commi ioner of the mint. He was one of the first English economists to recognize the natural laws on which modern economy is based. Among his works are "A Treatise of the Canker of England's Commonwealth" (1601), "St. George for England" (1601), "The Maintenance of Free Trade" (1622), "Consuetudo vel lex mercat or i a" (1622). Mama Occlo Huaco (mä mä ōk'lō wä'kō). [Quichua: mama , mother; occlo , from occlani, to hatch; huaco , probably from huacco , a sparrow-hawk.] The traditional first mother of the Inca princes of Peru, daughter of the sun and sister and wife of Manco Capac, whom she accompanied in his wanderings until he founded Cuzco. Subsequently she taught the Indian women to spin and weave. Also written Mama Oello Huaca . In ancient history, a band of Camp an i an mercenaries who became rulers of Me ina about 282 B. C. Their request for aid from the Romans and Cart hag in i ans (caused by an attack from Hiero of Syracuse) brought about the first Punic war, 264 B. C. Mames (mä'mās), or Mams (mämz). [Said to be a corruption of the Cakchiquel mem , a stutterer, applied to the Maya-speaking nations.] An ancient Indian tribe of Guatemala, of the Maya stock. They occupied the region now included in the department of To tonic a pan (northwest of Guatemala City), and under their chief, Caibil Balam, made a brave resistance to the Spaniards. They were conquered by Gonzalo de Alvarado in 1525, and their descendants are now amalgamated with the country population. Mamiani dell a Rovere (mä-mē-ä'nē del'lä rō've-re), Count Terenzio. Born at Pesaro, Italy, 1800: died at Rome, May 21, 1885. An Italian philosopher, poet, and statesman in the papal and later in the Italian service. He was minister of the interior to Pius IX. in 1848, and minister of foreign affairs for a short time in the same year; profe or of philosophy at Turin 1857-60; and in 1860 minister of public instruction under Cavour. His works include "Rin nov a men to dell a filos of i a antic a italian a" ("Revival of the Ancient Italian Philosophy," 1834), “Dialog hi di scienza prima" (1846), "Confe ion i d'un metafisico" (1865), etc. Mamilia gens (ma-mil'i-ä jenz). A Roman plebeian gens, comprising the families Limetanus, Turrinus, and Vitulus. Mamilius (ma-mil'i-us). In Shakspere's play "The Winter's Tale," a boy, the young prince of Sicilia. Mammæa. See Mamæa . Mammon (mam'on). [Syr. mámond , riches.] A Syriac word used once in the New Testament as a personification of riches and worldline , personification of riches and worldline , or the god hence, deity of avarice; cupidity personified. Mammon, Sir Epicure. E In Jonson's "Alchemist," a worldly sensualist finally gulled by his own rapacity. The judgment is absolutely overwhelmed by the torrent of magnificent images with which Mammon confounds the incredulity of Surly, and inflames the supposed ambition of Dol. There is a "towering bravery" in his sensuality which sets him above all power of imitation. Gifford . Mammoth Cave (mam'oth kav). The largest known cave, situated in Edmonson County, near Green River, Kentucky, 75 miles south-southwest of Louisville. It extends over an area of 8 or 10 miles in diameter, and consists of numerous chambers connected by avenues which are said to be in the aggregate 150 miles in length. The stalactitic formations are of great beauty, and the animal inhabitants are of great interest. The cave was discovered in 1809. Mamoré (mä-mō-ra'). A river in Bolivia, one of the principal head streams of the Madeira. Mamre (mam're). In Old Testament geogra