AVENA

(Lat.), n. f. 'na®. Gr., Bpépos, Bépuos. Fr., avoine. Ger., Hafer. It., Sp., avena. 1, A Linnean genus of granalncous, plants of the tribe Aveneæ, subtribe Fuaveneæ, in eluding species with paniculate spikelets containing from two to many flowers, the topmost flower being masculine or sterile. The flowering glumes (inferior pales) are dorsally rounded, provided with 5 to 7 rather stiff nerves, and with dorsal twisted or geniculate awns. The fruit is pubescent at the apex, suleate, and when dry adherent to the pale. It includes the sections Crithe [Griesebach], comprising annuals with a lax panicle, pendulous spikelets, 1 or 2 fertile flowers, and the lower glume provided with 7 to 9 nerves; and A vena strum [Koch], comprising perennials with narrow, sometimes setaceous, leaves, narrow strict panicles, ereet spikelets, more than 2 fertile flowers, and the lower glume having 1 to 3 nerves. [B,42.] 2. In pharmacy, oats. See A. Garage Se lum avenw. Ger., Haferstdrke. The starch of oats. [B, 270.] See Oat starcu.—A. agraria [Brot.]. A variety of A. strigosa. [B. 188.)—A. airoides. 1. Of De Candolle, the Aira (Catabrosa) aquatic a. 2, Of Koeler, the Trisetum sub spica tum. [B, 173, 188.]— A. alpina [Smith]. Syn.: A. plan i culm is [Eng. Bot.], Trisetum alpinum [Rômer and Schultes]. The-great alpine oat-gra ; a perennial species, perhaps only a yee of À. pratensis, growing in the mountains of Scotland. [B, 19, 188.]—A. alt a [Cavanilles]. A variety of A. strigosa. [B, 188.]—A. amethyst in a [De Candolle]. An annual French species, with an erect narrow panicle, 2-flowered glumes, and a 1-awned lower floret; used for the same pu >s as A. sativa., 178, 188.]—A. brevis [Roth]. An annual species growing in Germany, Austria, and Pannonia: used for the same purposes as À. sativa, [B. 81, oA. bromoides [Linnæus]. ee A. pratensis.—A. bulbosa [Willdenow]. The Arrhenatherum '$0.J—Oleum avelt., oliod'a. Sp., avenaceum. [B, 188.]—A. canescens [Weber]. The Aira (Corynephorus) canescens. [B. 188.]—A. can tab rica [Lagasca]. See À. pubescens.—A. caryophyllea. 1. Of Weber, see AIRa caryophyllea. 2. Of Smith, a perennial Species, akin to A. pubescens and ‘A, pratensis, growing on the island of Cimoli. [B, 188.J—A. ehinensis. Ger., chinesiscker (oder gro er nackter) Hafer. A variety, probably to be referred to A, nuda, yielding poorly, the grain of | which is used chiefly for making groats. [B, 49.]—A. convoluta [Presl]. A variety of the A. sempervirens, [B, 188.]—*. diantha [Haller]. The Anthoxanthum odoratum. [{B, 173.|—A. platior [Linnœus]. The Arrhenatherum avenaceum. | [B, 388|— A. excorticata. Fr., gruau, gruau d'avoine [Fr. Cod.]. Ger., Hafergrütze. Syn.: fructus avenæ excorticatæ, grutum. Husked oats, groats; used in making oat-meal cakes, porridge, and tea, regarded as nutritive and emollient. It contains from 64 to 66 per cent. of starch, 18 to 21 of protein compounds (chiefly avenin), 5 to 7 of fat, and small amounts of salts, sugar, gum, and cellulose. The decoction is used as a demulcent drink, as a mouth-wash and gargle, as a vehicle for corrosive and caustie drugs, and in making oultices. [A. 319; B, 81, 270.1—A. fallax [Rémer and Schultes|- S sempervirens.—Avene farina [U. S. Ph., 1870]. Fr., farine davoine. Ger., Hafermehl. It. farina da, Sp. harind de a. Oat-meal, prepared by grinding the seeds of 4. sativa. It is a grayish-white powder containing fragments of irregular It consists of the pure grain (see A. excorticata) mixed with a varying amount of the bran. The latter consists mostly of cellulose, but contains 2 per cent. of protein compounds, from 1 to 14 per cent. of fixed oil, and from 6 to 7 per cent. of ash. Oat-meal is largely used as an article of food, and is especially recommended in habitual constipation due to intestinal atony. [B, 81, 93.|—A. fatua [Linnœus]. Fr., avoine boufe (ou rmufleÿ aver on, pied de mouche. Ger., Hafergras. The wild oat; an annual species distinguished by its very loose paniele, its much bent awn with the lower half twisted, and its long, stiff hairs covering the lower pales. It is much used as a fodder plant in Europe, and is extensively cultivated in California. B. 19, 138; ** Proc. of the Am, harm. A oc.," xxvii, p. 604 (B).] — A. flaveseens ° [Linneus]. Ger., Goldhafer, gelbes Hafergras, gelber Wiesenhafer. See TRISETUM flavescens.— A. Freyta [Ortega]. A variety of ‘A. strigosa.—A. græca. The great wild oat. (L, 119.]— A. hetero mall a [Méneh]. See 4. oriental is. — A. lanata. See Hocus lanatus.—A. latifolia Host.].. See À. plan i culm is.— A. macrocarpa [Minch]. See A. sterilis—A. moll is. 1. Of Koeler, see Hotcus moll is. 2. Of Michaux, see TRISETUM molle.— A. montana. 1. Of Brotero, a Portuguese species, 2. Of Koeler, the Aira (Des champs i a) flexuosn.” [B, 188.]— A.nervosa. 1. Of Lamarck, the A. strigosa. 2. Of Brown, an anomalons species grow in; in New Holland. [B, 180, 188, —A. nodosa. See ARRHENATHERUM avenacenm.—A. nuda [Linneeus]. Fr., avoine nue (ou à (ee ou de Tartarie). Ger., nackter Hafer. The skinle oat; pill-corn; an annual species cultivated especially in Austria and in Ireland, used for making groats. [A, 815; B, 49, 188, 180.]—A. odorata [Per so on, De Candolle]. See HIFROCHLOE borealis and HIEROCHLOE australis. [B, 173, 188.]—A, oriental is [Schreber]. Fr., avoine de Hongrie (ou d'Orient, ou à gra ypes). Ger., Fahnenhafer, Stangenhafer, Traubenhafer, Kamm- Rafer, türkischer Hafer. An annual species cultivated in Europe, hardier than the ordinary oat, but le valuable as a grain. [B. 49, 173, 180; L, 135.]—A. pilosa. 1. Of Presl