PESTALOZZI

Johann, the Swi philanthropist and educational reformer, was born in 1746. He devoted his time and substance to the children of paupers until want of means nece itated his having pupils who paid him. The grand principle he followed was that of drawing out the thinking and feeling powers of a child, instead of making it a pa ive recipient of facts. 1 His novel " Lienharat and Gertrud” exerted much influence. the end of the nth century. He distinguished himself by his personal courage at the storming of Jerusalem. He founded the Abbey of Noir mon tier, and died its first Superior in 1115. in 1672. At first, his sister Sophia, acting' as regent for his brother Ivan and him, did her best to ruin Peter, but in 1689 he had her shut up in a convent. He created a navy, and wrested the Baltic provinces from Charles XII. of Sweden. He founded schools of navigation and mathematics, and encouraged agriculture and foreign commerce. He died in 1725. church in Christen dom, was begun in 1506, built by Bramante, Michael Angelo, and other architects, finished in 1626, and dedicated to Pope Urban VIII. The colonnade was begun 1667, and the sacristy in 1780. 1628, and is only second in importance to Magna Charta. It demanded that—(1) No freeman should be forced to pay a tax, loan, or benevolence, but by Act of Parliament no freeman should be illegally imprisoned (3) that; (2) soldiers and sailors should not be billeted; on private persons commi ions to punish soldiers and sailors, by martial; (4) law, should be abolished. was born in 1304. It was at Avignon, in 1327, that he first saw the Laura who exercised so great an influence on his life and lyrics. It is believed that she was the wife of Hughes de Sado.l when Petrarch saw her, and that she died faithful to her husband in 1348. In 1341 the poet was called to Rome to receive the laureate crown, awarded for his Latin poem of Africa, an epic on the Punic Wars. He recorded Laura’s death on his copy of " Virgil,” and in his "Triumphs,” Upon which his fame now rests, with his other poems, " Sonetti e Canzoni in Vita e in Morte di Laura.”