Falerno (falerno)

[It., Faliscan Faliscan (fa-lis'kan), a. and n. [ The Faliscan and the Latin [alphabets], wedged in between the Etruscan and the Oscan. Isaac Taylor , The Alphabet, II. 127. II. n. A native or an inhabitant of Falerii. falk (fak), n. [Sc., also fauk .] A name of the razor-billed auk, Alca torda . Montagu. falll (fal), v.; pret. fell, pp. fallen, ppr. falling. [Early mod. E. falle; force. Also zif the Bawme be fyn, it schalle falle to the bot me of the Ve elle, as thoughe it were Quyksylver. Mandeville , Travels, p. 52. At three there fell a great storm of rain, which laid the wind. Winthrop, Hist. New England, I. 19. There can be no doubt that in a vacuum all bodies of whatever size or material would fall precisely in the same time. R. S. Ball , Exper. Mechanics, p. 239. 2. To sink from a higher to a lower level; be or become lower; settle or sink down; go down; pa off or away; ebb: as, the river is falling (that is, becoming lower from diminution of the volume of water); the thermometer falls (that is, the mercury sinks in the tube); the ground rises and falls (apparently, to one viewing or pa ing over it, from inequality of surface, or actually, from an earthquake); the dew falls (according to popular belief). Infect her beauty, You fen-suck'd fogs, drawn by the powerful sun, To fall and blister. Shak ., Lear, ii. 4. Either you or I must perish this night, before the sun falls . Sydney Smith, To the Counte Grey. Many a weary year had pa ed since the burning of Grand- Pré, When on the falling tide the freighted ve els departed. Long fellow , Evangeline, ii. 1. 3. To descend from a higher, or more perfect, or more intense, etc., state or grade to one that is lower, or le perfect, etc.; deteriorate; sink or decrease in amount, condition, estimation, character, etc.; become degraded or be reduced 2126 fall asleep, ill, in love, etc.; to fall calm, as the wind; to fall into a snare, into a rage, etc.; the troops fell into line. void. The mixt multitude The places of one or two of their ministers being fallen Hooker, Eccles. Polity, Pref., ii. fell a lusting. Num. xi. 4. For David... fell on sleep, and was laid unto his fathers, and saw corruption. Acts xiii. 36. The interpreter of the Arab language I had taken with me, who was an Armenian, falling ill, I was obliged to send for another to Girge. Pococke , Description of the East, I. 85. It happened this evening that we fell into a very pleasing walk. Add is on, Spectator. Can a man commit a more heinous offence against another than to fall in love with the same woman? Sheridan, The Rivals, iii. 4. Many of the women who go forth to meet their husbands or sons receive the melancholy tidings of their having fallen victims to privation and fatigue. E. W. Lane , Modern Egyptians, II. 177. They Fell upon talk of the fair lands that lay Acro the seas. IMG:content-1050.png:[blocks in formation] Falling branch. See branch. - Falling rhythm. Same as descending rhythm (which see, under descending). - The curtain falls. See curtain. To fall aboard of. See aboard1. To fall afoul of. See afoul. To fall astern (naut.), to drop behind. Then the Vice-admirall fell on starne, staying for the Admirall that came up againe to him. Capt. John Smith , True Travels, I. 53. To fall away. (a) To lose flesh; become lean or emaciated; pine. In a Lent diet people commonly fall away . Arbuthnot , Aliments. (b) To decline gradually; languish or become faint; fade; perish. She fell away in her first age's spring. Spenser, Daphnaïda, i. One colour falls away by just degrees, and another rises insensibly. Add is on . (c) To renounce or desert allegiance, faith, or duty; apostatize; backslide. William Morris , Earthly Paradise, II. 274. 6. Τοo pa away or off; discharge its contents; disembogue, as a river: as, the Rhone falls into the Mediterranean; the Ohio falls into the Mis persecutions, he giveth due and deserved praise. si ippi. This sea is fresh water in many places, in others as salt as the great Ocean; it hath many great rivers which fall into it. Capt. John Smith , True Travels, I. 40. 7. To pa or come as if by falling or dropping; move, lapse, settle, or become fixed, with reference to an object or to a state or relation: as, the castle falls to his brother; misfortune fell to his lot; the subject falls under this head. "Thenne Reddite," quath God, "that to Cesar falleth." Piers Plowman (A), 1, 50. This is the land that shall fall unto you. Num. xxxiv. 2. If to her share some female errors fall, Look on her face, and you'll forget them all. Pope , R. of the L., ii. 17. This additional taxation of beer had been planned so as to fall , as near as might be, upon private brewing and brewing for sale equally. S. Dowell , Taxes in England, IV. 127. Sweet sleep upon his wearied spirit fell . William Morris , Earthly Paradise, I. 420. The relations and experiences of real men and women rarely fall in such symmetrical order as to make an artistic whole. G. W. Cable , The Century, XXXVII. 110. 8. To come to pa or to an i ue; befall; happen. Vn-to hem alle his chier was after one, Now here, now there, as felle by aventure. Political Poems , etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 57. It fell ance upon a day, This guid lord went from home. Young Akin (Child's Ballads, I. 181). Sit still, my daughter, until thou know how the matter will fall . Ruth iii. 18. Thy lot is fallen , make the best of it. Burton , Anat. of Mel., p. 344. The vernal equinox, which at the Nicene council fell on the 21st of March, falls now about ten days sooner. Holder , Time. Do thy worst; And foul fall him that blenches first! Scott, Marmion, vi. 12. cution, misconduct, etc.: as, prices have fallen ; the city fell into bankruptcy; to fall into pov- erty, disgrace, apostasy, bondage, etc.; to fall from grace or favor; to fall from allegiance; to fall into bad company. Labour therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man fall after the same example of unbelief. Heb. iv. 11. Repair thy wit, good youth; or it will fall To curele ruin. Shak., M. of V., iv. 1. The Duke in the Morning sends a Letter to the King, protesting his Fidelity and Sincerity, only he desires the Duke of Somerset may be delivered, to stand or fall by the Judgment of his Peers. Baker , Chronicles, p. 193. We fall not from virtue, like Vulcan from heaven, in a day. Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., i. 30. Then the wind fell , with night, and there was calm. M. Arnold , Balder Dead. Find That he has fallen to hell while yet he lives. William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 329. 4. To come down as from a fixed or standing position; be overthrown or prostrated; hence, to be slain; perish; come to ruin or destruction. Sure, he is more than man; and, if he fall , The best of virtue, fortitude, would die with him. Fletcher ( and another ), Love's Cure, i. 3. How can I see the gay, the brave, the young, Fall in the cloud of war and lie unsung! Add is on, The Campaign. 5. To pa into a new state or condition; enter upon a different state of being, action, or feeling; come to be, or to be engaged or fixed: as, to fall heir to an estate; to fall a victim; to A certain man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among thieves. Luke x. 30. Who would have held it po ible that to fly from Babylon we should fall into such a Babel? Howell, Letters, ii. 62. I came to the knowledge of the most epidemic ill of this sort by falling into a coffee-house, where I saw my friend the upholsterer, whose crack towards politics I have heretofore mentioned. Steele , Tatler, No. 178. 10. To be dropped in birth; be brought forth or born: now used only of lambs and some other young animals. Let wives with child IMG:content-1051.png:[blocks in formation] A long mantle,... the folds falling down and enveloping the feet, complete[s] the dre . Fairholt, Costume, I. 100. 12t. To be fit or meet. Thenne seid I thus, "it fallith me to ce e Eyther to ryme, or ditees for to maake." Political Poems , etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 53. For it ffallith as well to ffodis [lads] of four and twenty zeris, Or yonge men of yistirday to zeue good red is [counsels], As be-cometh a kow to hoppe in a cage! Richard the Redele , iii. 262, To such as fell not away from Christ through former Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 65. To fall back. (a) To recede; give way; retrograde; retreat. To fall back will be far worse than never to have begun; but I hope better of thee. Winthrop, Hist. New England, I. 412. The Nabob... advanced with his army in a threatening manner,.. but when he saw the resolute front which the English presented, he fell back in alarm. Macaulay , Lord Clive. (b) To have recourse: followed by upon, and referring usually to some support or expedient already once tried. The old habit of falling back upon considerations of expediency--a habit which men followed long before it was apotheosized by Paley - will still have influence. H. Spencer , Social Statics, p. 504. (c) To fail of performing a promise or purpose. To fall behind, to slacken in pace or progre ; be outstripped; lose ground. Recorded times of horses and cyclists show that after about twenty miles the horse slowly but surely falls be hind . Bury and Hillier , Cycling, p. 40. To fall down. (a) To be prostrated; sink to the ground. Down fell the beauteous youth. Dryden. (b) To prostrate one's self, as in worship or supplication. Summe of hem falle doun undre the Wheles of the Chare, and lat the Chare gon over hem; so that the i ben Mandeville, Travels, p. 175. All kings shall fall down before him. Ps. lxxii. 11. (c) Naut ., to sail or pa toward the mouth of a river or other outlet; drop down. dede anon. The White Angel fell down for Plimouth, but, the wind not serving, she came to an anchor by Long Island. Winthrop, Hist. New England, I. 71. To fall flat. See flatl. - To fall foul. See foull. - Το fall from grace. See grace. To fall home. ( a ) To fall into the right place; drop into or rest at the point intended. (b) In ship - carp., to incline inward from the perpendicular: said of the top sides of a ship: same as to tumble home (which see, under tumble ). - To fall in. (a) To come in; join; take place or position: as, to jall in on the right. We met two small ships, which falling in among us, and the Admiral coming under our lee, we let him pa . Winthrop, Hist. New England, I. 10. (b) To come to an end; terminate; lapse: as, an annuity which falls in when the annuitant dies. The very day I put it on, old Lord Mallow ford was burnt to death in his bed, and all the post-obits fell in. Dickens , Nicholas Nickle by, li. (c) To bend or sink inward. Yachts with the falling - in top sides of a man of war. Sci. Amer., N. S., LVII. 11. ( d ) To sink or become lean or hollow: as, her cheeks have fallen in. When I knew him he was all fallen away and fallen in; crooked and shrunken; buckled into a stiff waistcoat for support. R. L. Stevens on, Talk and Talkers, ii. To fall in with. (a) To meet or come into company with casually, as a person or a ship; arrive at or meet with accidentally, as an object of interest. There is a gay captain here who put a jest on me lately, at the expense of my country, and I only want to fall in with the gentleman to call him out. Sheridan, The Rivals, iii. 4. (b) To concur or accord with; comply with; be agreeable or favorable to: as, to fall in with one's a ertions; the measure falls in with popular demands. The libeller falls in with this humour, and gratifies this basene of temper, which is naturally an enemy to extraordinary merit. Steele , Tatler, No. 92. He pursues it [a whim] the more pertinaciously as it falls in with his interest. Goldsmith, Phanor. To fall of accord. See accord. To fall off. ( a ) To withdraw; separate; be detached or estranged; withdraw from a ociation, allegiance, or the like: as, friends fall off in adversity. That field in Sicily of which Diodorus speaks, where the perfumes arising from the place make all dogs that hunt in it to fall off , and to lose their hottest scent. 1. Walton , Complete Angler, p. 177. Those captive tribes fell off From God to worship calves. Milton , P. R., iii. 415. The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: Dictionary Therefore fall on, or else be gone, And yield to us the day. R. Knox (Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 376). I saw three bandits by the rock Waiting to fall on you, and heard them boast That they would slay you. IMG:content-1053.png:[blocks in formation] We fell out , my wife and I, O we fell out , I know not why, And ki 'd again with tears. It fell out on a day, the king Brought the queen with him home. under or within the limits of; become subject to; be ranged or reckoned under: as, they fell under the juris- diction of the emperor; this point did not fall under the cognizance of the court; these substances fall under a different cla or order. They fell under the punishment of admonition and other heavy penalties. J. Adams , Works, V. 156. A knight of Arthur's court, who laid his lance In rest, and made as if to fall upon him. Tennyson, Geraint. (b) To attempt; make trial of; have recourse to. Every way is fallen upon to degrade and humble them. Brougham . To fall witht. Same as to fall in with ( a ). They made them stear a course betweene ye southwest & ye norwest, that they might fall with some land. Bradford , Plymouth Plantation, p. 217. =Syn. Attack , Set upon , Fall upon , etc. See a ail . II. trans. 11. To bring down; allow or cause to drop. For every tear he falls a Trojan bleeds. Shak ., Lucrece, 1. 1551. The common executioner... Falls not the axe upon the humbled neck, But first begs pardon. Shak . , As you Like it, iii. 5. 2. To give a fall to; throw or otherwise unseat, as a rider. [Colloq.] The servant boy,. by way of apology,... told how the animal (a horse] had falled him three times. W. Colton , Ship and Shore, p. 139. 3. To strike, throw, or cut down; specifically, to fell or chop down: as, to fall a tree. [Obsolete or colloq.] He stuck them up before the fulsome ewes; Who, then conceiving, did in eaning-time Fair fall. See fairl , adv . - To fall a bell, in bell-ring- ing, to swing a bell which stands a little on one side of the point of equilibrium, with its mouth upward, to the same distance on the other side of that point. falll (fål), n. and a. [Early mod. E. also fal , falle ; fal , fall , a fall; AS. with mutated vowel fyll , rarely fell , fall, usually of death; = OS. fal = OFries. fal , fel = D. val =OHG. MHG. fal , val , G. fall = Icel. fall = Dan. fald = Sw. fall ; from the verb.] I. n. 1. Descent from a higher to a lower place or position for want of support; a dropping down, as by the power of gravity or by impulse; a coming or tumbling fall from a horse or a ladder; a fall on the ice; the rise and fall of a piston. To fall through, to fail; come to nothing: as, the plan fell through. [Colloq.] - To fall to. (a) [ To , adv.] (1) To drop into a fixed position, as by swinging; close. Just here the front gate is heard falling to. Fall to , with eager joy, on homely food. Dryden, tr. of Juvenal's Satires Come, Sir, fall to then you see my little supper is al- ways ready when I come home, and I'll make no stranger of you. Cotton , in Walton's Angler, ii. 234. (b) [ To , prep.] To go about or engage in energetically; apply one's self to; have recourse to with ardor or vehe- mence: as, they fell to blows. Then I fell to defence with a frike wille, My-seluyn to saue, and socour my pepull. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), L. 13204. So they fell to it hard and sore. There's a special providence in the fall of a sparrow. Shak., Hamlet, v. 2. Bunyan , Pilgrim's Progre , ii. Where never fall of human foot is heard, On all the desolate pavements. Bryant , Flood of Years. 2. Descent from a higher to a lower level; a sinking down or away; a lowering; an ebbing: as, a fall of ground toward a river; river: a fall of the tide, or of the mercury in a thermometer; a fall of ten feet in a mile; the fall , or slope, of a hand-rail. Almost everybody knows... how pleasant and soft the fall of the land is round about Plover's Barrows farm. R. D. Black more , Lorna Doone, vii. All sewers should have a greater fall than at present Pop . Encyc . 3. Descent from a higher to a lower state or grade; a lowering of amount, force, position, character, value, etc.; a decline: as, a fall in stocks or rents; a fall of the wind or of volume of sound; a fall from power or honor; the fall of Adam (see the fall of man , below). Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall . Prov. xvi. 18. New Eng . Primer . In Adam's fall We sinned all. It has been boasted that, even if Australian shippers could not stand up against the fall in prices, the great flock-masters of the River Plate would be able to supply us with an almost unlimited quantity of mutton at recent market rates. Quarterly Rev., CXLV. 55. IMG:content-1054.png:[blocks in formation] Mayst thou have a reasonable good spring, for thou art like to have many dangerous foul falls . Middle ton , quoted in Lowell's Biglow Papers, 2d ser., Int. What crowds of patients the town-doctor kills, Or how last fall he raised the weekly bills. Dubbut looäk at the waäste: theer warn't not feeäd for a cow; Nobbut a bit on it's left, an' I mean'd to 'a stubb'd it at fall . Tennyson, Northern Farmer, Old Style. If fall , as a season of the year, has gone out of use in Britain, it has gone out very lately. At least, I perfectly well remember the phrase of "spring and fall " in my childhood. E. A. Freeman, Amer. Lects., p. 70. The maiden Spring upon the plain Came in a sun-lit fall of rain. Tom... at last mastered all the dodges and falls ex- cept one. T. Hughes, Tom Brown at Rugby, iii. 12t. Same as falling -band. Under that fayre ruffe so sprucely set Appeares a fall , a falling-band forsooth. IMG:content-1055.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-1056.png:[blocks in formation] Then up and bespake the good Lairds Jock, The best fall a in a' the companie. Nothing can be more fallacious than to found our po- litical calculations on arithmetical principles. A. Hamilton, The Federalist, No. 55. Greedily they pluck'd The fruitage fair to sight, like that which grew Near that bituminous lake where Sodom flamed; This more delusive , not the touch, but taste Deceived. Milton, P. L., x. 563. It is to be feared that the sciences are above the com- prehension of children, and that this mode of education, to the exclusion of the cla ical, is ultimately deceptive . V. Knox , Grammar Schools. fallaciously (fa-lā'shus-li), adv . In a fallacious manner; falsely; erroneously; sophistically. We have seen how fallaciously the author has stated the Add is on. fallaciousne (fa-lā'shus-nes), n. The char- acter of being fallacious. It is remarkable that Davy's logic, too, was at fault, and on just the same point as Rumford's, but with even more transparently logical fallaciousne , because his ar- gument is put in a more definitely logical form. Sir W. Thomson, Encyc. Brit., XI. 557. fallacy (fal'a-si), n.; pl. fallacies (-siz). [Ex- tended in imitation of L. fallacia ; fallace , fall as (see fallace ), fallace , F. fallace Pr . fallacia = Sp Sp . falacia = Pg. L. fallacia , deception, eption, deceit, fallax ( fallac- ), deceptive, deceitful, fallere , deceive: see faill .] 1. Deceptivene ; deception; deceit; deceitfulne ; ceitfulne ; that which is erroneous, false, or deceptive; ve; that which misleads; mistake. Until I know this sure uncertainty, I'll entertain the offer'd fallacy . fallal (fal'lal'), n . and a. [Of dial. origin; prob. a made word, or an arbitrary variation of fal- bal a.] I. n. 1. A piece of ribbon, worn with streaming ends as an ornament in the seven- teenth century. His dre , his bows and fine fal - lalls . Hence-2. Any trifling ornament. Middle ton, Anything for a Quiet Life, v. 2. Winning, by conquest, what the first man lost, By fallacy surprised. Milton , P. R., 1, 155, Is virtue, then, unle of Christian growth, Mere fallacy , or foolishne , or both? Cowper , Truth, 1. 516. Specifically-2. A false syllogism; an invalid lace .] A fallacy. argumentation; a proposed reasoning which, profe ing to deduce a nece ary conclusion, reaches one which may be false though the premises are true, or which, profe ing to be probable, or wants the kind of probability as- signed to it. A fallacy is either a sophism or a paralo- gism , according as the deceit is intentional or not. But the word paralogism is also used to signify a purely log i cal fallacy - that is, a formal fallacy , or a direct violation of the canons of syllogism. Logicians enumerate as many different kinds of formal fallacy as they give of canons of Dick o' the Cow (Child's Ballads, VI. 71). syllogism, from four to eight. See below. Same as fa - la . fallacet, n. [ME., also fall as ; fallace , deception: see fallacy .] Deception; deceit; trickery. He is reuerenced and robed that can rob be the peuple Thorw fall as and false questes and thorw fykel spec he. Piers Plowman (C), xii. 22. He... taketh it as who saith by stelthe Through coverture of his fall as . Yet how fallacious is all earthly bli . Cowper, Retirement, 1. 457. an attempt to deceive; in delusive and fallacious the intent to deceive is only figurative: as, a fallacious argument; a delusive hope. See deceptive. The lazy belief that in some unspecified way things will so adjust themselves as to prevent the natural conse- quences of a wrong or foolish act is a very common fal- lacy . J. Fiske, Evolutionist, p. 221. in the narrower sense; e; either an invalid immediate infer- ence, or an invalid syllogism; a supposed equivalent form which is not equivalent, or a syllogism that breaks one of the rules. (2) A piece of false reasoning, in the wider sense; whereby from true facts a false conclusion is in- ferred. (3) A false belief, whether due to correct reason- ing from untrue premises (reasons or sources) or to inc or- rect reasoning from true ones. (4) Any mental confusion A. Sidgwick , Fallacies. Fallacies in things, according to the old logicians, fal- lacies that are not in words. They are of seven kinds: (1) The fallacy of accident , arising when a syllogism is made to conclude that, because a given predicate may be truly affirmed of a given subject, the same predicate may be truly affirmed respecting all the accidents of that subject. (2) The fallacy of speech respective and speech absolute, occurring when a proposition is affirmed with a qualification or limitation in the premises, but virtually without the qualification in the conclusion. (3) The fal- lacy of irrelevant conclusion , or ignoration of the elench, oc- curring when the disputant, profe ing to contradict the thesis, advances another proposition which contradicts it in appearance but not in reality. (4) The fallacy of the consequent , or non sequitur , an argument from consequent to antecedent, which may really be a good probable argu- ment. (5) Begging the question , or the petitio principi i , a syllogism, valid in itself, but in which that is affirmed as a premise which no man who doubts the conclusion would admit. (6) The fallacy of false cause , arising when, in making a reductio ad absurdum, besides the proposition to be refuted, some other false premise is introduced. (7) The fallacy of many interrogations in which two or more questions are so proposed that they appear to be but one: as, "Have you lost your horns?" a question which implies that you had horns. Fallacies of composition and division, fallacies which arise when, in the same syllo gism, words are employed at one time collectively, and at another distributively, so that what is true in connection is inferred to be also true in separation, or the reverse.- Fallacy of accent, a fallacy arising from the mode of pronouncing a word. Fallacy of amphibology, a fal- lacy arising from the doubtful construction of a sentence.-- Fallacy of an illicit proce , a false syllogism in which a term enters into the conclusion with a different distri bution from what it had in the premise. Fallacy of equivocation, a fallacy arising from the double meaning from which the fall, or free part of the rope, descends. fall-board (fâl'bōrd), n. A wooden drop-shut- ter of a window, hinged at the top or bottom. fall-cloud (fâl'kloud), n. See cloud1 , 1 ( c ). fall-doort, n . [Formerly faldore ; = G. fallthür = Dan. falddör = Sw. falldörr .] A trap-door. fallen (fa'ln), p. a. [Formerly often written faln ; pp. of falll , r.] 1. In a lapsed or degraded state; prostrated; ruined: as, the fallen angels. If thou beest he - But O, how fallen ! how changed From him who. didst outshine Myriads, though bright! fallen-star (fa'ln-stär'), n. 1. A name of spe- cies of bluish-green algæ of the group Nostochi- neæ , that grow on damp ground: so called from the suddenne of their appearance. - 2. A local English name of a sea-nettle, Medusa æquorea . faller (fa'ler), n . 1. One who or that which falls or causes to fall. He made many to fall [margin, multiplied the faller ]. Jer. xlvi. 16. The Ring Faller , who drops gilt copper rings in the streets and claims half the estimated value from the finder. Quoted in Ribton - Turner's Vagrants and Vagrancy, p. 595, Specifically, in mach .: (a) In cotton - manuf ., one of the small arms on a mule-carriage which bears the faller-wire. (b) In a fulling, milling-, or stamping-machine, a stamp which is generally raised by the cams, and then falls ver- tically and endwise. E. H. Knight . (c) In flax - manuf ., a bar in the spreading-machine having numerous vertical needles forming a comb or gills; a gill-bar. It detains the line somewhat as it pa es the drawing-roller. E. Н. Knight . (d) In silk-manut. See faller -wire, 2. 2. The hen-harrier, Circus cyaneus.