Poems" (1716)

Her "Letters" appeared 1763 and 1767. Montagu House. A mansion erected by Hooke for Ralph Montagu, first duke of Montagu, "after the French manner," in the suburb of Blooms bury, London. It was burned down in 1686. It was rebuilt, but only partially inhabited, and was sold to the nation for £10,000 in 1753, for the reception of the Sloane collection. The last remnants of the old house were removed in 1845 and replaced by the present British Museum. Montague (mon′ta-gū). 1. In Shakspere's tragedy "Romeo and Juliet," the father of Romeo.-2. The "honest man" in Fletcher and Mas singer's play "The Honest Man's Fortune." Montague, Henry James (the stage name of Henry J. Mann). Born in Staff ords hire, England, 1843: died at San Francisco, Aug. 11, 1878. An English-American actor. He played in London till 1874, when he made his first appearance in New York, He went to San Francisco in 1875. He was a graceful and refined comedian. Montague, Lady. In Shakspere's "Romeo and Juliet," the mother of Romeo. Montaigne (mon-tän'; F. pron. môn - täny'), Michel Eyquem de. Born at the Château Montaigne, Dordogne, France, Feb. 28, 1533: died Sept. 13 (?), 1592. A celebrated French e ayist. His early education was carried on at home under his father's guidance. After graduating from college at Bor deaux, he studied law. In 1559 he was at the court of Francis II., and in 1571 became attached to the person of Henry III. In this year Montaigne published his friend La Boé tie's translations from the Greek, and in 1572 edited the latter's French verses. In 1580 he traveled in Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. He left Rome in 1581 to become mayor of Bordeaux. Montaigne is chiefly known from his "E ais" (Bordeaux, 1580: the edition of 1588 the last to be published during the author's lifetime. Mademoiselle de Gournay, a warm admirer of Montaigne, did not have acce to a copy of this last edition with the author's own corrections when she edited the "E ais" in 1595, together with some posthumous writings and notes). An English translation was made in 1601 by the Italian Giovanni Florio, based on Mademoiselle de Gournay's work. The best cla i cal edition of Montaigne's "E ais" is due to J. V. Leclerc: are print of it was made in 1865-66. In his e ays Montaigne studies the men of the society of his day. He examines everything in a skeptical spirit, is inclined to doubt, and his motto is Que sais - je? Montaigne's ideas and influence are to be traced in many of the best French authors of the 17th and 18th centuries, while outside of France his e ays were diligently read by Bacon and Shakspere. Montalba (mont-alba), Clara. Born at London. A contemporary English landscape-and marine painter. She is the eldest of the four daughters of Antony and Emiline Montalba; was a pupil of Isabey in Paris; and was made a ociate of the London Society of Painters Among her works are several Venetian scenes, one of the port of Amsterdam, etc. Her sisters Ellen and Hilda are portrait and figure-painters. Colors in 1874, and of the Belgian Society in 1876. An Montalba, Henrietta Skerrett. Born at London, 1856: died at Venice, Sept. 14, 1893. English sculptor, sister of Clara Montalba. She studied at South Kensington, at the Belle Arti in Venice, and with Jules Dalou in London. She exhibited first at the Royal Academy in 1876. Among her portrait-busts is one of Browning terra-cotta (1883). Among works are "A Dale carl i an Peasant Woman," "The Raven," and a "Venetian Boy catching a Crab "(1893: exhibited in London and at the International Exhibition at Chicago). Mon talc i no (mon-täl-chēnō). A town in the province of Siena, Italy, 52 miles south by east of Florence. Population (1881), commune, 7,851. Montalembert (môn - tä-lon-bar'), Comte de (Charles Forbes de Montalembert). Born at London, May 29, 1810: died at Paris, March 13, 1870. A French historian, orator, publicist, and politician (representing the Roman Catholic and clerical interest). His chief works are "Vie de Sainte-Élisabeth de Hongrie" ("Life of St. Elizabeth of Hungary,” 1836), “Les Moines d'Occident” (“The Monks of the West," 1860-68). Montalembert, Marquis Marc René de. Born at Angoulême, France, July 16, 1714: died March 29, 29, 1800. A French military engineer. His chief work is “La fortification perpendiculaire," etc. (1776–96). Montalvan (mon-täl-vän'), Juan Perez de. Born at Madrid, 1602: died June 25, 1638. A noted Spanish dramatist, novelist, and ecclesiastic, apostolic notary of the Inquisition. Montalvo (mon-täl'vō), Francisco. Born at Havana, Cuba, 1754: died at Madrid, Oct., 1822. A Spanish general. He was acting viceroy of New Granada and Venezuela, with the title of captain-general, from May, 1813, to Dec., 1817. During this period the revolution was temporarily subdued, mainly by the operations of Murillo (whom see). Montaña (mon-tän'yä). [Sp., 'mountain land.'] A name given in Spanish America, especially in Peru and Bolivia, to the forest-covered re Mont Cenis advent of Christ, and the establishment of the heavenly Jerusalem at Pepuza in Phrygia. They practised rigorous asceticism. Montan us (mon-tā'nus). Born in Phrygia, Asia Minor. Lived in the 2d century. A schismatic, founder of the Mon tanist sect probably about 157. See Mon tanists . Montan us, Arias. See Arias Montan us . Montan vert (môn-ton-vär'), or Montenvers. A height in the Mont Blanc group of the Alps, east of Chamonix, near the Mer de Glace. It commands a fine prospect. Height, 6,303 feet. Montargis (môn-tär-zhē'). A town in the department of Loiret, France, situated at the union of the Loing and Verni on, 63 miles south by east of Paris. It contains ruins of a castle. (For the dog of Montargis, see Aubry de Montdidier .) Population (1891), commune, 11,600. Montataire (môn-tä-tar'). A manufacturing town in the department of Oise, France, 30 miles north of Paris. Montauban (môn-to-bon'). [L. Mons Albanus . ] The capital of the department of Tarn-et-Garonne, France, situated on the Tarn in lat. 44° 1' N., long. 1° 21′ E. It has considerable trade and manufactures; contains a faculty of Protestant theology; and was birthplace of Ingres. It was founded in 1144 on the site of the Roman Mons Albanus. It was a stronghold of the Albigenses and the Huguenots, and succe fully resisted Louis XIII. in 1621. Population (1891), 30,388. Montauban, Renaud de. See Rinaldo (F. Renaud ). Montauk (mon-tâk'). A tribe of North American Indians, formerly occupying the eastern end of Long Island, New York. Those remaining about 1788 joined the Brother ton Indians in New York. One translation of their name is 'lookout' or 'place of see ing. See Algonquian . Montauk Point. The easternmost point of Long Island, New York, situated in the township of East Hampton, in lat. 41° 4′ N., long. 71° 51′ W. Montbard (môn-bär'). A town in the department of Côte-d'Or, France, 40 miles northwest of Dijon. Population (1891), commune, 2,509. Montbars (mon-bär'). Born in Langue doc about 1645. A French bucaneer, called "the Exterminator" from his ferocity. He was of good family, and accompanied his uncle, a naval officer, to the West Indies in 1663. His uncle having been killed by the Spaniards, he joined the bucaneers, rose to high command, and for several years ravaged the Spanish colonies about the Caribbean Sea. There is no record of his subsequent life or of his death. Montbéliard (môn-bā-lyär'). [G. Mömpelgard . ] A town in the department of Doubs, France, situated near the junction of the Allaine and Lisaine, 36 miles northeast of Besançon. It has manufactures of watches, etc., contains a château, and was the birthplace of Cuvier. It was the capital of a medieval countship; pa ed to Würtemberg; and belonged to it until 1793. Near it was fought the battle of Belfort, Jan. 1517, 1871. Population (1891), commune, 9,561. Mont Blanc (môn blon). [F., 'white mountain.'] The highest mountain of the Alps, situated on the frontier of France (department of HauteSavoie) and Italy (Piedmont). The summit is cro ed by the French-Italian boundary line. The Mont Blanc ma if is sometimes cla ed with the Pennine Alps, but more generally as a group by itself. The mountain was first ascended in 1786. A French observatory was erected on its summit in 1893. Its largest glacier is the Mer de Glace, and the valley of Chamonix is at its foot. Height, 15,781 feet. Montbrison (môn-brē-zôn'). A town in the department of Loire, France, situated on the Vi ern slope of the Andes, and includes the numerous valleys of the Amazonian tributaries. By extension the term is often used for all forest land in con trad is tinct i on to the open sierra, thus including portions of the plain. Montana (mon-tänä). One of the Western States of the United States of America. Capital, Helena. It is bounded by Canada on the north, North Dakota and South Dakota on the east, Wyoming and Idaho on the south, and Idaho on the west. It is traversed by the Rocky Mountains in the west. The eastern portion consists of plateaus and plains, and there are fertile valleys in the west. The chief metals are copper and silver. The leading industries are mining and stock-raising. Mon tana formed part of the Louisiana Purchase, and the greater part of it was included in Nebraska Territory. Gold was discovered there in 1861. Montana Territory was organized in 1864. It was admitted as a State in 1889. It has 24 counties, sends 2 senators and 1 representative to Congre , and has 3 electoral votes. Area, 146,080 square miles. Population (1900), 243,329. Montan ell i (mon-tä-nel'lē), Giuseppe. Born at Fucecchio, Tuscany, about 1813: died June 17, 1863. A Tuscan revolutionist, triumvir in 1849. Mon tanists (mon ́tā-nists). A sect of the Christian church, now extinct, founded during the 2d century by Montan us of Phrygia. The Mon tanists believed in the divine and prophetic inspiration of Montan us, the continuance of the miraculous gifts of the apostolic church, the immediate approach of the second formerly the capital of the department. Population (1891), commune, 7,086. Montcalm Gozon de Saint-Véran(mont-käm'; F. pron. môn-kälm' gō-zôn' dė san-vā-ron'), Louis Joseph, Marquis de. Born at the Château de Candiac, near Nîmes, France, Feb. 29, 1712: died at Quebec, Sept. 14, 1759. A French general. He was appointed commander of the forces in Canada in 1756; captured Fort Ontario at Oswego in 1756, and Fort William Henry in 1757; repulsed the British under Abercrombie at Ticonderoga in 1758; repelled Wolfe's at tack on Quebec, July 31, 1759; and was defeated and mor tally wounded in the battle of Quebec, Sept. 13. Montceau-les-Mines (mônsố 'lā-mēn'). A town in the department of Saône-et-Loire, France, 34 miles northwest of Mâcon. It is noted for coal-mines and manufactures. Population (1891), commune, 19,612. Mont Cenis (môn se-nē'). A mountain pa of the Graian Alps, between France and Italy, situated in lat. 45° 17′ N., long. 6° 50′ E. The present Mont Cenis road was made by Napoleon I. (18031810) to connect the valley of the Isère in France with Susa in Italy: it reaches the height of 6,881 feet. The Mont Cenis tunnel, in the Mont Cenis railway route be tween France and Italy, built 1861-70, pa es under the Col de Fréjus, 14 miles from the Mont Cenis road. Its length is 7 miles (the second longest in the world), and it reaches the height of 4,245 feet. IMG:content-0794.png:[blocks in formation] Montclair (mont-klar'). A township in E ex County, New Jersey, 13 miles northwest of New York. Population (1900), 13,962.! Mont-de-Marsan (môn ́dė-mär-son'). The capi- tal of the department of Landes, France, sit- uated at the junction of the Douze and Midou, in lat. 43° 54′ N., long. 0° 29′ W. Population (1891), commune, 12,031. Montealegre (mon-ta-ä-lā grā), José Maria. Born at San José, March 19, 1815: died at Mis- sion San José, Cal., Sept. 26, 1887. A Costa- Rican statesman. After the deposition of Mora, he was made provisional president Aug. 14, 1859, and was regularly elected president May 8, 1860, holding office until IMG:content-0795.png:[blocks in formation] a national monument, with a renowned school, library, and Monte Leone (mon'te lā-ō'ne). A peak of the Valais Alps, near the Simplon Pa , on the bor- Monte cat in i di Val di Cecina (mon-te-kä-te'- der of Switzerland and Italy. Height, 11,660 nē dē väl dē chā-chē'nä). A small town in the feet. province of Pisa, Italy. Monte cat in i di Val di Nievole (ne-a'vo-le). A small town in the province of Lucca, Italy, 24 miles west-northwest of Florence. It has Monte Cavo (mon'te kä'vō), or Mount Albano (äl-bä'no). The highest summit of the Alban Mountains, situated 15 miles southeast of Rome. On it are the ruins of the temple of Jupiter La- tiar is. Height, 3,145 feet. Montecchio (mon-tek'kē-ō). A town in north- ern Italy, 20 miles east of Verona. Monte Ceneri (mon'te cha'ne-re). A mountain southwest of Bell in zona, in Switzerland. It is penetrated by a railway tunnel. Montecerboli (mon-te-cher'bo-lē). A place in the province of Pisa, Italy, 42 miles southwest of Florence. It is noted for boracic springs or lagoons. Monte Corno. See Gran Sa o d'Italia . Monte Cristo (krēs'tō). A small uninhabited island in the Mediterranean, belonging to Italy, situated 27 miles south of Elba. Monte Cristo. The principal character in Du- mas's novel "Le Comte de Monte Cristo." He imprisoned. He escapes, becomes immensely wealthy, and carries out an elaborate system of revenge in the various disguises of the Count of Monte Cristo, Lord Wilmore, the Abbé Faria, and the Abbé Busoni. Montecuculi (mon-te-köʻkö-lē), or Montecuc- col i (mon-te-kök kō-lē), Count Raimondo, Monte leone di Calabria (dē kä-läʼbrē-ä). A town in the province of Catanzaro, Italy, in lat. 38° 44′ N., long. 16° 8′ E.: the ancient Hippo- nium, later Vibo Valentia. It has an ancient castle. Population (1881), 9,811. Monte Lettere (mon'te let'te-re). A mountain in the neighborhood of Castella mare, Naples: the ancient Mons Lactarius. Here, March, 553, a battle was fought between Narses and Teias, the last king of the Goths in Italy, in which the latter was defeated and slain. Montélimar (môn-tā-lē-mär'). A town in the department of Drôme, France, situated near the junction of the Roubion and Jabron, 25 miles south of Valence. Pop. (1891), commune, 13,764. Monte Ma ico. See Ma icus . Monte may or (mon-tā-mä-yōr'), Jorge de. Born at Monte may or, Portugal, about 1520: died at Turin, Feb. 26, 1561. A Spanish romancer and poet, author of the pastoral romance "Diana Enamor ada" (which see). "In his youth he was a soldier; but later, from his skill in music, he became at- tached to the travelling chapel of the prince of Spain, afterwards Philip the Second, and thus enjoyed an oppor- unity of visiting foreign countries, especially Italy and Monte mol in (mon-tā-mō-lēn'), Count of. A name a umed by Don Carlos (1818-61). Monte more los. See More los . Monte Motterone (mot-te-rō'ne). A mountain in northern Italy, west of Stresa on Lago Mag- giore: famous for its view. Height, 4,890 feet. Monten (mon'ten), Diet rich. Born at Dü el- 13, 1843. A German painter of battle-scenes. Monte negro (mon-te-nā'grō), Serv. Crna Gora (cher'na go'ra), Turk. Kara Dagh (kä'rä däg) (all meaning 'black mountain'). A princi- pality of Europe, surrounded by Dalmatia, Herzegovina, Rascia (Novi-Bazar), Albania, and the Adriatic Sea. Capital, Cettinje. The surface is mountainous. The chief occupation is the The government practically an ab- Duke of Melfi. Born at the castle of Montecudorf, Pru ia, Sept., 1799: died at Munich, Dec. culi, in the territory of Modena, Italy, 1608: died at Linz, Austria, Oct. 16, 1680. A noted Austrian general. He served with distinction in the Thirty Years' War; commanded the Austrian army sent to the a istance of Poland against the Swedes and Transyi- vanians 1657-60; gained the victory of St. Gotthard over the Turks Aug. 1, 1664; and opposed Turenne and Condé on the Rhine 1672-75, without fighting any decisive battle. His works include "Com men tar i i bellici cum puncto artis bellicæ system ate" (1718). sē-ä). Aj A peak of the Alps, on the border of Italy and the canton of Grisons, Switzerland, north- west of Sondrio. Height, 12,050 feet. Mon tef i a scone (mon-te-fe-äs-kōʻne). A town in the province of Rome, Italy, Italy, 50 miles north- northwest of Rome. It produces muscat wine. Population (1890), 3,092. Montefiore (mon-te-fe-ō're), Sir Moses Haim. Born at Leghorn, Oct. 24, 1784: died at Rams- gate, gate, July 28, 1885. An English-Jewish phil an- thropist. He was the son of an Italian-Jewish merchant London, and retired in 1824, devoting himself thereafter to of London. He ama ed a fortune as a stockbroker in improving the condition of the Jews. In Nov., 1840, he obtained a firman securing the rights of Jews throughout the Ottoman empire. In 1846 he secured the abrogation of the ukase of the czar Nicholas, removing the Jews on the German and Austrian frontier into the interior of Rus- sia. On June 10, 1812, he married Judith, second daughter of Levi Cohen, brother-in-law of Baron Nathan Mayer de Rothschild. He published a "Narrative of a Forty Days' Sojourn in the Holy Land" (1875). Monte Generoso (mon te je-ne-ro'sō). A mountain southeast of the Lake of Lugano, on the border of Switzerland and Italy. It com- mands a fine prospect, and is ascended by a rack-and-pinion railway. Height, 5,560 feet. Monte Gennaro (jen-nä'rō). One of the chief peaks of the Sabine Mountains, Italy, 7 miles north of Tivoli. Height, 4,160 feet. Montego Bay (mon-tē gō bā). A seaport on the 4,803. Montégut (môn-ta-gü'), Jean Baptiste Joseph Émile. Born June 24, 1825: died Dec. 11, 1895. A French littérateur and translator from the English. About 1847 he introduced the doctrines of Emerson, then unknown in France, in an article in the "Revue des Deux Mondes." In 1850 he published a trans- lati on of Emerson's philosophical e ays; in 1862 he became literary critic of “Le Moniteur Universel." He also pub- lished volumes of literary criticisms and translations. Montejo (mon-tā'ō), Francisco. Born in Sal- amanca about 1484: died in Spain about 1550. A Spanish soldier. In 1514 he went to Darien and soon after to Cuba; was one of Grijalva's captains in 1518; and followed Cortés, and was his agent in Spain 1519-22 and 1526. In the latter year he was authorized to conquer and govern Yucatan, and sailed in 1527 with three ships and five hundred men. After much fighting with the Indian she was driven from the peninsula in 1535, but conquered part of Campeche. From 1537 to 1539 he was governor of Hon- duras. In 1540 he delegated his authority in Yucatan to his son (of the same name) while he made an expedition into Chiapas. His son having founded Merida, 1542, and subdued most of the peninsula, Montejo returned to Yu. cat an, but was deposed on charges in 1548. Height, 1,960 feet. Montépin (môn-tā-pan'), Xavier Aymon de. Born at Apremont, Haute-Saône, France, March 18, 1824: died at Pa y, Paris, May 1, 1902. A French novelist and playwright. He wrote nearly 100 novels and about 30 plays, and collaborated in 1848 on anti-revolutionary journals. His works have been trans- lated into nearly all languages. Monterey (mōn-tā-rā'). [Sp., 'king mountain.'] A city, the capital of the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, situated near lat. 25° 40′ N., long. 100° 25′ W. It was taken by the United States troops (6,500) under Taylor from the Mexicans (about 10,000) under Am- pudia, after 3 days' fighting, Sept. 24, 1846. Population (1895), 56,855. Monterey (mon-te-ra'). A city in Monterey County, California, situated on the Bay of Mon- terey in lat. 36° 35′ N., long. 121° 53′ W. is a noted winter and health resort. A Spanish mi ion was established here in 1770. It was the capital of Califor- nia until 1847. Population (1900), 1,748. Monterey, Count of, Viceroy of Peru and Mex- ico. See Zuñiga y Azevedo , Gaspar de . Montero (mon-ta'rō), Lizardo. Born in the province of Piura, May 27, 1832. A Peruvian Montero, Lizardo naval officer and politician. He joined the rebellion of Vivanco (1856-58); was prominent in the defense of Callað in 1866 and in the war against Pierola in 1874, and in the latter year was a presidential candidate; was made admiral, but fought with the land forces against the Chileans 1879-81; and after the fall of Lima was vice-president in the provisional government, and soon after president. Calderon being imprisoned by the Chileans, Mon tero a umed the executive power tui a; but soon 1883, he was driven into Bolivia by the Chileans; after returned and submitted to Iglesias. Montero, Luis. Died in 1868. A Peruvian painter. His principal work is the "Funeral of Atahualpa" (which see). Monte Rosa (mon'te rõ'sä). [It., 'rosy mountain.'] The highest mountain of the Alps next to Mont Blanc. It is situated on the border of northern Italy and the canton of Valais, Switzerland, 60 miles 16,217 feet (Dufour Spitzerst ascended in 1855. Height, Monte Rotondo (rō-ton'dō). [It., 'round mountain.'] One of the principal summits of Corsica, in the central part. Height, 8,775 feet. Montes, Lola. See Gilbert , Marie D. E. R. Monte San Giuliano (sän jö-le-ä'nō). [It., 'mount of St. Julian.'] A mountain near Trapani and near the western extremity of Sicily: the ancient Eryx. It was the ancient shrine of Venus Erycina, and figured in the first Punic war. Height, 2,465 feet. Monte San Salvatore (säl-vä-tō're). [It., 'mount of the holy Saviour.'] A noted point of view near Lugano in Switzerland. Height, 2,980 feet. Monte Sant-Angelo (sänt-än'je-lō). [It., 'mount of the holy angel.'] Atown and place of pilgrimage in the province of Foggia, Apulia, Italy, 28 miles northeast of Foggia. Montes-Claros, Marquis of, Viceroy of Mexico and Peru. See Hurtado de Mendoza y Luna . Montes i no (mōn-tā-sēnō), or Montes i nos (mon-tā-se'nōs), Antonio. Died after 1526. A Spanish Dominican mi ionary. He went to Española in 1510; was the first to preach against Indian slavery; and in 1511 was sent to Spain to appeal against the evil. His representations resulted in the promulga IMG:content-0796.png:[blocks in formation] Montgomery Casale. Its marquises from the 10th century ruled not only in Italy but for some time in Greece. A branch of the Palæologi ruled from 1306. The marquisate was made a duchy and united to Mantua in 1536. Its po e ion was later a matter of dispute between Mantua and Savoy. It pa ed to Savoy in 1703. Montfleury (môn-flė-rē'), Antoine Jacob, called. Born at Paris, 1640: died at Aix, 1685. A French dramatist, son of Zacharie Jacob, also called Montfleury, an actor. His comedy "La femme juge et partie" (1669) is still played, though reduced to three acts. It was almost as succe ful as "Tartufe." He wrote sixteen comedies, partly on contemporary subjects and partly adaptations of Spanish originals. The two best are "La Femme Juge et Partie" and "La Fille Capitaine." They belong to an older style of comedy than Molière's, being both extravagant and coarse, but there is considerable vis comic a in them. Saints bury , French Lit., p. 313. Born in Teneriffe, Canary Islands, about 1772: died in Spain, 1823. A Spanish general. From 1811 to the end of 1813 he was was the most prominent royalist commander in Venezuela, though without legitimate au- thority. He received the submi ion of Miranda in July, 1812, and in violation of his treaty sent him a prisoner to Spain. His cruelty to the subjugated provinces led to fresh rebellions. He was repeatedly defeated by Bolivar, and at length besieged in Puerto Cabello, where he was deposed by his own own followers in Dec., 1813. He returned to Spain in 1816. Monte verde, Jules. Born at Bistagno, Italy, Oct. 8, 1837. An Italian sculptor. Monte video (mon-te-vid'ē-ō; Sp. pron. mōn-tā- ve-Thā'ō). The capital of Uruguay, situated on the estuary of the Rio de la Plata in lat. 34° 54′ 33′′ S., long. 56° 12′ 18" W. It has important foreign commerce; exports hides, wool, tallow, horns, etc.; is the terminus of various steamship lines; and has a uni- versity and a cathedral. It was colonized by Spanish set- tlers in 1726; taken by the British in 1807, but recovered the same year; and since 1828 has been the capital of Uruguay. Until 1834, when the walls were removed, it was little more than a fortre . Population (1892), with suburbs, 238,080. Monte Viso (mon'te ve'sō). A peak of the Cot- tian Alps, in Italy, near the French border, 42 miles southwest of Turin. It contains the source of the Po, and is one of the most conspicuous peaks of the western Alps. Height, 12,615 feet. tion of the "laws of Burgos." Later he was a friend of Las Monte Vulture (völ-tö're). [It., 'Mount Vul Casas, and was constantly engaged in helping the Indians. From 1521 he preached in Porto Rico, and he is known as the apostle of that island. He accompanied Ayllon's expedition to Florida in 1526. Montes i nos (mōn-tā-sēnōs). A character in medieval romance. Don Quixote's visit to the cave of Montes i nos (book ii., chap. 23) is an important part of that romance. Montes i nos, Fernando. Born at Osuna, Seville, about 1600: died, probably in Seville, about 1655. A Spanish lawyer and historian. From 1629 to about 1650 he was in Peru, where he held important offices and made special studies of mines and of early Indian history. His principal works are "Me morias antiguas hist or i a les del Perú" and "Anales nuevas del Perú," first published in French (1840) and in Spanish (1882). Montes i nos gives a long list of the pre-Incarial monarchs of Peru, which he profe es to have received from the natives. Monte span (môn-tes - pon'), Marquise de (Françoise Athénaïs de Roc he chou art). Born 1641: died at Bourbon-l'Archambault, France, May 27, 1707. A mistre of Louis XIV. She was a daughter of the Duc de Mortemart, and married the Marquis de Monte span in 1663. She succeeded Mademoiselle de la Vallière as mistre of Louis XIV. about 1667, and was in turn supplanted by Madame de Main ten on three years later, although she was not wholly discarded before 1686. She eventually entered a convent. She had eight children by the king, including the Duc de Maine, Louis César, the Comte de Vexin, and the Comte de Toulouse. The Marquis d'Antin was her son by her husband. Montesquieu (môn-tes-kyė', Anglicized montes-kū'), Baron de la Brède et de (Charles de Second at). Born at the Château de la Brède, near Bordeaux, Jan. 18, 1689: died at Paris, Feb. 10, 1755. A celebrated French writer. He was brought up at the College of Juilly, near Meaux, and returned to his native province to study law. In 1714 he was made councilor, and in 1716 president, of the Bordeaux parliament. He was not in sympathy, however, with the duties of his position, and he gradually withdrew from them and devoted his attention to the study of literature and jurisprudence. In 1721 he won fame in the world of letters with his "Lettres per sanes," in which he criticizes cleverly the French society of his time. For this work he was elected to the French Academy in 1728. The following years were spent in travel, and he visited succe ively Austria, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Holland, and England. On his return to France he gave up the remainder of his life to literary work. Among his many productions, the two which have contributed most to his renown are the "Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur et de la décadence des Romains" (1734), and "L'Esprit des lois" (1748) (which see). Montes Rauraci. See Abnoba . Monte Testaccio (mon'te tes-tä'chō). [It., 'potsherd hill.'] A hill in the extreme southern part of Rome, southwest of the Aventine, on the left bank of the Tiber. It is about 115 feet in height above the surrounding area, and 2,500 in circumference, and is formed entirely of the fragments of pottery vases, chiefly amphore, from the extensive ware ture.'] An extinct volcano in southern Italy, near Melfi: the ancient Vultur Mons. It was on the boundary of the ancient Apulia and Lucania. Height, 4,365 feet. Montez, Lola. See Gilbert , Marie D. E. R. Monte zum a (mon-tē-zöʻmä), or Moteczuma (mō-tāk-zöʻmä): called Monte zum a I., and surnamed Ilhuicamina (ēl-we-kä-mē'nä) (‘archer of the heavens'). [Nahuatl, 'angry chief.'] Born about 1390: died 1464. A war-chief or "emperor" of ancient Mexico. He was the son of Huitzilihuitl, and succeeded his brother Izcohuatl in 1436 (formally inaugurated 1440). He had wars with the Mixtecs and Tlascalans, and is said to have carried his arms to the Gulf of Mexico. Also written Muteczuma (Cortés), Monteçuma (Bernal Diaz and Oviedo), Motezuma (Acosta), Moctezuma , Motecuhzoma , etc. Monte zum a, or Moteczuma: called Monte zum a II., or Xocoyotzin (Hō-kō-yōt-zēn'). Born in 1477 (according to Bernal Diaz in 1479): died at Tenochtitlan, June 30, 1520. An Aztec war-chief or "emperor" of Mexico at the time of the Spanish conquest. He was the son of Axayacatl, and succeeded his uncle Ahuizotl in 1503. Besides his almost continuous wars with the Tlascalans and Tarascans, he carried his arms far southward, and is said to have invaded Honduras: you sands of captives were brought back for sacrifice in the temples. The tidings of ships and white men on the coast excited his superstitious fears. When Cortés landed he sent him presents, but tried to di uade him from coming to Tenochtitlan. Cortés in sisted, and reached the city with his army in Nov., 1519. violence seized Monte zum a own Helens well received and given rich presents, but his a ring house and confined him in the Spanish quarters as a hostage. The Aztecs at length rose in arms and attacked the quarters: Monte zum a, at the request of Cortés, appeared on wall and attempted to expostulate with them, but was received with a shower of stones, and died of his wounds four days later. Descendants of one of his daugh ters are still living in Mexico cal After the Spanish conquest Monte zum a became a mythical personage among the Indians: this hero or hero-god they mention to strangers as their principal deity, although they do not pay him the slightest worship. In New Mexico modern travelers and tourists have thought that they have discovered a Monte zum a worship, which, however, does not exist. Monte zum a, Baths of. See Tezcotzinco . Montfaucon (môn-fō-kôn'), Bernard de. Born at the Château Soulage, in Langue doc, France, Jan. 18, 1655: died at Paris, Dec. 21, 1741. A French critic and cla ical scholar. Among his works are "Palæographia Græca" (1708), "L'Anti quité expliquée et représentée en figures" (1719-24), "Les monuments de la monarchie française" (1729-33), an edition of A than as i us, etc. Montferrat (môn-fer-rä'), It. Monferrato (mon-fer-rä 'to). [It., 'iron mountain.'] A former marquisate, later a duchy, in northwestern Italy, lying south of the Po and north of the Ligurian A pennines and Alps. Capital, near Toulouse, France, June 25, 1218. A French commander and crusader, leader of the crusade against the Albigenses in 1208. He was the father of the following. Montfort (mont'fort; F.pron, môn-for'), Simon of, Earl of Leicester. Born about 1208: killed at Evesham, Aug. 4, 1265. A celebrated Eng. lish general and statesman. He was the son of Simon de Montfort (see preceding name). The earldom of Leicester came into the family through his grandmother, Amicia, daughter of Robert of Beaumont, third earl of Leicester. In 1238. Montfort married Eleanor, widow of William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, and sister of Henry III. In 1240 he went on a crusade. In 1248 he was appointed governor of Gascony. His vigorous administration resulted in an open quarrel with the king, and he resigned his office Sept. 29, 1252. The ill feeling between the earl and king forced Simon more and more into the popular party, and he was openly recognized as leader of the "barons' war" in 1263. On May 14, 1264, he captured the king, and became virtually governor of the kingdom. By writs in the king's name (Dec. 14 and 24, 1264) he summoned to a parliament, which met in London Jan. 30, 1265, 120 churchmen, 23 lay barons, and 2 knights from every shire, citizens from every in England-the first appearance of the Commons. At this parliament the quarrel between Simon and Gilbert, earl of Gloucester, began, which ended in the death of Simon at Evesham. Montfort, Simon of. Born near Brindisi, 1240: died near Siena, Italy, 1271. The second child of Simon of Montfort, earl of Leicester. In the "barons' war" of 1264 he defended North amp ton against the king, and was captured April. After his father's victory at Lewes, May 14, 1264, he was made constable of Por chester. He reached Evesham after the death of his father, Aug. 4, 1265, and was obliged to surrender to Edward at Christmas. He was banished, and was still in France March 26, 1268. On March 13, 1271, he a isted in the murder of Henry of Cornwall. Montfort-l'Amaury (môn-för lä-mō-re'). A small town in the department of Seine-et-Oise, France, 20 miles west by south of Paris. It contains the ruined castle of the counts of Montfort. Mont Genèvre (môn zhe-nāvr'). A pa in the Cottian Alps, department of Hautes-Alpes, France, 7 miles northeast of Briançon, on the Italian border. It has frequently been cro ed by armies. Height, 6,100 feet. Montgolfier (mont-golf i-ér; F. pron. môn-golfya'), Jacques Étienne. Born at Vidalon-lezAnnonay, Ardèche, France, Jan. 7, 1745: died at Servières, Aug. 2, 1799. A French mechanician and inventor. Like his elder brother, Joseph Michel, he studied mathematics, mechanics, and physics. He was for a time an architect, but gave up that profe ion in order to take charge with his brother of his father's paper-manufactory at Annonay. Together with his brother he invented the form of air-balloon known as the montgolfier, a public experiment with which was made at Annonay in 1782. The experiment was repeated by Joseph Montgolfier before the court at Versailles, Sept. 19, 1783, and both brothers were subsequently elected corresponding members of the Academy. Balaru Montgolfier, Joseph Michel. Born at Vidalonlez-Annonay, anonay, Ardèche, France, 1740: died at Balaruc, France, June 26, 1810. A French mechanician, brother of Jacques Étienne Montgolfier, with whom he was a ociated in the invention of the air-balloon. Mont Montgomerie (mont-gum'e-ri), Alexander. Born about 1556: died before 1615. A Scottish poet, a relative of the earls of Eglinton. His chief work is the allegorical poem "The Cherry and the Slae" (1597). He also wrote "The Flyting betwixt Montgomery and Polwart," etc. Montgomerie, Archibald William, thirteenth Earl of Eglinton. Born at Palermo, Sicily, Sept. 29, 1812: died at St. Andrews, Scotland, Oct. 4, 1861. A British politician, lord lieutenant of Ireland in 1852 and 1858-59. Montgomery (mont-gum'e-ri). 1. A county in Wales. It is bounded by Merioneth and Denbigh on the north, Shropshire on the east, Radnor on the south, and Cardigan and Merioneth on the west. It is hilly and mountainous, and has lead-mines and flannel manufactures. Area, 797 square miles. Population (1891), 58,003. 2. The capital of the county of Montgomery, situated near the Severn 21 miles southwest of Shrews bury. Population (1891), 1,098. Montgomery Montgomery. A district of the Panjab, British India, intersected by lat. 30° 40′ N., long. 73° E. Area, 5,754 square miles. Population (1891), 499,521. Montgomery. The capital of Alabama and of Montgomery County, situated on the Alabama in lat. 32° 22′ N., long. 86° 25′ W. It has a flourishing trade, especially in cotton. It became the State capital in 1847, and was the capital of the Confederate States Feb.-May, 1861. Population (1900), 30,346. Montgomery(môn-gom-rē ́), Gabriel, Comtede. Comtede Born about 1530: executed at Paris, May 25,1574. A French commander who, by accident, mortally wounded Henry II. in a tournament June 30, 1559. He retired to Normandy and thence escaped to England, where he became a Protestant. Returning to France on the death of his father, he took part in the religious wars of the period; established himself about 1574 in the islands of Jersey and Guernsey, whence he directed an expedition against France; and was finally captured and put to death. Montgomery (mont-gum'e-ri), James. Born at Irvine, Ayrshire, Nov. 4, 1776: died April 30, 1854. A Scottish poet, son of John Montgomery, a Moravian clergyman. In 1792 he entered the office of the "Sheffield Register," and in 1795 the paper became his property: the name had been changed to the "Sheffield Iris." In 1806 his poems "The Wanderer of Switzerland" and "The Grave" won him recognition. The numerous hymns on which his reputation chiefly rests were collected in 1853. His lectures on poetry before the Royal Institution were published in 1833. His other works are "The West Indies" (1810), "The World before the Flood" (1812), "Green land" (1819), "Pelican Island" (1826). Montgomery, Richard. Born at Swords, County Dublin, Ireland, Dec. 2, 1736: killed before Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775. An American Revolutionary general. He commanded an expedition for the invasion of Canada in 1775, during which he captured Fort Chambly and Montreal. He was killed while leading an attack on Quebec. Montgomery, Robert. Born at Bath, England, 1807: died at Brighton, England, Dec. 3, 1855. An English poet. Among his poems are "The Stage. coach" (1827), "Omnipresence of the Deity" (1828), "Satan, etc." (1830), "The Puffiad" (1830), etc. "With an unfortunate facility in florid versification Montgomery anticipate the office of time, only succeeded in rescuing combined no genuinely poetic gift. Macaulay, him from the oblivion to which he was properly destined." Dict. Nat . Biog. Montgomery Charter, The. A charter granted to the city of New York by John Montgomery ("Captain General and Governor in chief of the Province of New York and the Province of New Jersey and territories depending thereon in America, and Vice Admiral of the same") under George II., dated Jan. 15, 1730. It extended the Dongan Charter, and was in force until 1830. Monthermé (môn-ter-mā'). A town in the department of Ardennes, France, situated on the Meuse 8 miles north of Mézières. Population (1891), commune, 3,870. Montholon (môn-to-lon'), Comte Charles Tristan de. Born at Paris, July 21, 1783: died Aug. 21, 1853. A French general, companion of Na'pole on at St. Helena, and one of his executors. He published, with Gourgaud, "Mémoires pour servir à l'his to ire France sous Napoléon, écrits à Sainte-Hélène sous sa dictée" (1823), etc. Monthyon. See Montyon . Monti (mon'tē), Vincenzo. Born at Fusignano, near Ravenna, Italy, Feb. 19, 1754: died at Milan, Oct. 13, 1828. A noted Italian poet. Cardinal Borghese was so much pleased with his "Vision of Ezekiel" (1776) that he took him to Rome, where, after winning praise as a poet, he e ayed tragedy in imitation of his friend Alfieri. At this time he was the secretary of Cardinal Braschi, the Pope's nephew. His "Ba e villi an a (1793) was inspired by the ma acre by the populace of the French envoy Ba eville. He was profe or of eloquence at Pavia, and was made historiographer to the court under Napoleon, and member of the Italian Institute. Among his other poems are "Fanatismo," "Musogonia," "Mascherniana," "Il ritorno d'Astrea," "Superstizione," a translation of the Iliad, etc. His tragedies are "Aristo demo" (1787), "Galeotto Manfredi," "Caio Gracco." (Complete works, 6 vols., 1839.) Monticello (mon-te-sel'lō; It. mon-te-chel'lō). [It., 'little mount.' A mansion and estate, the former residence of Thomas Jefferson, situated in Albemarle County, Virginia, near Charlottes ville. Montiel (mōn-tē-el'). A small place in La Mancha, Spain, near Valdepeñas. Here, in March, 1369, Henry of Trastamare and Du Guesclin defeated Pedro the Cruel. Montijo (mon-tē'Hō). A town in the province of Badajoz, Spain, 14 miles east of Badajoz. Population (1887), 6,681. Montilla (mon-tēl'yä). A town in the province of Cordova, Spain, 22 miles south of Cordova. It is famous for its wine, and was the birthplace of Gonsalvo de Cordova. Population (1887), 13,790. Montivilliers (môn-të-vēl-yā'). A town in the department of Seine-Inférieure, France, situ ated on the Lézarde 6 miles east-northeast of Havre. Population (1891), commune, 5,344. Montjoie (môn-zhwä'). A small town in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, situated on the Roer 16 miles southeast of Aix-la-Chapelle. Montjoie. The name of the hill near Paris where St. Denis was martyred. Before 1789 it was the name of the king at arms. ms. In ancient tournaments "Montjoie" was the cry of the French heralds, and "Mont joie St. Denis" the war-cry of the French in battle. The kings of England had at one time the war-cry "Montjoie St. George." It was last used by the French at the siege of Montargis in 1426. Larou e. Montlhéry (môn-lā-rē ́). A small town in the department of Seine-et-Oise, France, 18 miles south of Paris. Here, July 16, 1465, the forces of the League of the Public Good defeated Louis XI. Montluc (môn-lük'), Blaise de La eran-Ma encome, Seigneur de. Born near Condom, Guienne, about 1503: died in the province of Agéno is, 1577. A noted French marshal. His family was as noble but in moderate circumstances, so that he, the eldest of 12 children, was soon called upon to sup port himself. He went into the army and took part in all the campaigns of Francis I. against Charles V., and also became celebrated for his exploits in the reign of Henry II. Charles IX. and Henry III. honored him with high positions. In the later years of his life he dictated from memory his account of the wars from 1521 to 1574. His work is of great value to historians, and is furthermore po e ed of considerable literary merit. Henry IV. paid it a just tribute in calling it "la Bible du sold at." Montluc's "Comment a ires" appeared first in 1592 at Bordeaux, and have been reprinted several times since. The best edition in modern times was made by M. de Ruble for the Société de l'His to ire de France. Montluçon (môn-lü-sôn'). A city in the department of Allier, central France, situated on the It has Cher 38 miles southwest of Moulins. flourishing manufactures, especially of mirrors, and is sometimes called "the Manchester of France." Population (1891), commune, 27,878. Montmartre (môn-mär'tr). A height and (since 1860) a quarter in the northern part of Paris, formerly a separate commune. It was stormed by the Allies March 30, 1814, and was in the hands of the Commune March-May, 1871. Montmédy (môn-mā-de'). A town in the department of Meuse, France, situated on the Chiers 23 miles southeast of Sedan. It has often been besieged and taken (last time by the Germans Nov.Dec., 1870). Population (1891), commune, 2,782. Montmirail (môn-me-räy'). A town in the Montrond Paraguay, etc." (Madrid, 1639). His "Tesoro" (1639), "Arte y Vocabulario"(1640), and "Catecismo" (1640) are the best authorities on the Guarany language. There are modern editions. Montpelier (mont-pēʻlyer). The capital of Vermont and of Washington County, situated on the Onion River in lat. 44° 17′ N., long. 72° 36′ W. Population (1900), 6,266. Montpellier (môn-pel-lya'). The capital of the department of Hérault, France, situated on the Lez, near the Mediterranean, in lat. 43° 37′ N., long. 3° 53′ E. Its trade is largely in wine and brandy; and it has manufactures of verdigris, soap, cream of tartar, etc. The cathedral, jardin des plantes, university, acad emy, and Musée Fabre (one of the best in France) are note worthy. It contains a noted square, the Place du Peyrou. Its school of medicine was founded in the 12th century. It came into the po e ion of Aragon and Majorca, and was acquired by France about 1350. It was a Protestant stronghold, and was besieged and taken by Louis XIII. in 1622. Comte was born there. Population (1901) 76,364, Montpellier-le-Vieux (môn-pel-lyā'lė-vyė'). A noted group of huge fantastic rocks, discovered in 1883 near Millau, Aveyron, southern France. Montpensier (môn-pon-sya'), Duche e de (Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans). Born at Paris, May 29, 1627: died there, March 5, 1693. The only daughter of Gaston of Orléans and the Duche e de Montpensier: commonly called La Grande Mademoiselle. She was a cousin of Louis XIV. Her "Mémoires" were published in 1729. Personal and literary interest both appear in a very high degree in the Memoirs of Anne Marie Louise de Montpensier, commonly called La Grande Mademoiselle. The only daughter of Gaston of Orléans and of the Duche e de Mont pensier, she inherited enormous wealth and a position which made it difficult for her to marry any one but a crowned head. In her youth she was self-willed and by no means inclined to marriage, and prince after prince was proposed to her in vain. During the Fronde she took an extraordinary part-heading armies, mounting the walls of Orléans by a scaling-ladder, and saving the routed troops of Condé, after the battle of the Faubourg Saint Antoine, by opening the gates of Paris to them, and causing the cannon of the Bastille to cover their flight. Saints bury , French Lit., p. 339. Montpensier, Duc de (Antoine Marie Philippe Louis d'Orléans). Born at Paris, July 31, 1824: died at San Lucar, near Séville, Feb. 4, 1890. The fifth son of Louis Philippe. He married the infanta Maria Luisa (sister of Queen Isabella) in 1846; became infante in 1859; and was an unsucce ful candidate for the Spanish throne in 1870. In 1871 he was exiled to the Balearic Isles, but soon returned. His Petit-Morin 55 miles east of Paris. Here, Feb. 11, 1814, the French under Napoleon defeated the Allies. Pop ulation (1891), commune, 2,373. Montmorency (môn-mō-ron-se'). A town in the department of Seine-et-Oise, France, 9 miles north of Paris. Its castle was the seat of the Montmorency family. Population (1891), commune, 4,577. It was the residence of Rou eau. Montmorency, or Montmorenci (mont-mo ren'si; F. pron. môn-mō-ron-sē'). A small river in the province of Quebec, Canada, which joins the St. Lawrence 8 miles below Quebec. It is noted for the cataract (250 feet high) situated near its mouth. Montmorency, or Montmorenci (môn-mō-ronsē'), Anne de. Born at Chantilly, France, March 15, 1492: died at Paris, Nov. 12, 1567. A French marshal and constable, distinguished in the wars in Italy and against Charles V. He was defeated at St.-Quentin in 1557, and commanded at Dreux in 1562, and at St.-Denis in 1567. Montmorency, Henri II., Duc de. Born at Chantilly, France, April 30, 1595: executed at Toulouse, France, Oct. 30, 1632. A French marshal, grandson of Anne de Montmorency. He joined the rebellion of Gaston of Orléans in 1632. Montmorillon (môn-mō-re-yon'). A town in the department of Vienne, France, situated on the Gartempe 28 miles east-southeast of Poi tiers. Population (1891), commune, 5,268. Montoro (mon-to'ro). A town in the province of Cordova, Spain, situated on the Guadalquivir 27 miles east-northeast of Cordova. Population (1887), 12,563. Montorsoli (mon-tor'sō-lē), Giovanni Angelo. Born at Montorsoli, near Florence, about 1500: died at Florence, 1563. An Italian sculptor and architect, a pupil of Andrea Ferucci of Fiesole. He restored the left arm of the Apollo Belvedere and the right arm of the Laocoon. He a isted Michelangelo in finishing the statues of Giuliano and Lorenzo de' Medici, and made the statue of San Cosimo in the sacristy of San Lorenzo in Florence. His most famous work is the great fountain of Me ina (1547). Montoya (mon-to'yä), Antonio Ruiz de. Born at Lima, Peru, 1583 (?): died there, April 11, 1652. A Jesuit mi ionary and author. He spent many years in the Guarany mi ions of Paraguay, and published a history of them, "Con quist a espiritual hech a por los religiosos de la Compañia de Jesus en las provincias del