July 27, 1762

A French sculptor. Boucher (bö-sha'), François. Born at Paris, Sept. 29, 1703: died there, May 30, 1770. A noted French painter of historical and pastoral subjects and genre pieces. The especial strength of Boucher lay in the grouping and decorative treatment of women and children, especially in the nude. Boucher (bou'cher), Jonathan. Born at Blencogo, near Wigton, in Cumber land, England, March 12, 1738: died at Epsom, England, April 27, 1804. An English clergyman and writer. He collected materials for a "Glo ary of Archaic and Provincial Words," a part of which (the letter A) was published in 1807, and another part (as far as "Blade") in 1832. Boucher (bö-shā'), Pierre. Born in Perche, France, 1622: died at Boucherville, Canada, April 20, 1717. A French pioneer in Canada. He wrote a "His to ire véritable et naturelle des moeurs et des productions de la Nouvelle France" (1663). Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes (bö-sha' dě krāv-kėr dė part'), Jacques. Born at Rethel, Ardennes, France, Sept. 10, 1788: died at Amiens, France, Aug. 5, 1868. A French archæologist and littérateur. His works include "De la création" (1839-41), "Anti quités celtiques et antédiluviennes" (1847-65), etc. Bouches-du-Rhône (bösh'dü-rōn'). [French, 'mouths of the Rhône.] A department of France (capital Marseilles), bounded by Vaucluse on the north, Var on the east, the Mediterranean on the south, and Gard on the west. The surface is generally low. It was a part of ancient Provence. Area, 1,971 square miles. Population (1891), 630,622. Boucicault (bö'sē-kō), Dion. Born at Dublin, Dec. 26, 1822: died at New York, Sept. 18, 1890. An Anglo-American dramatist, manager, and actor. He married Agnes Robertson, an actre of note, but separated from her many years later, declaring that he had never been legally married. His plays include "London A urance" (1841), "Old Heads and Young Hearts" (1843), "Colleen Bawn" (1860), "Arrah-na-Pogue (1865), a version of "Rip Van Winkle" (1865), "The Shaugh raun" (1874), etc. Brougham claimed a share in "London A urance." Boudet (bö-da'), Jean, Count. Born at Bordeaux, Feb. 19, 1769: died at Budweis, Sept. 14, 1809. A French general. He was sent, in 1794, to the West Indies, where he recovered Guadeloupe from the English and aided in the attacks on St. Vincent and Grenada. On his return (1796) he was made general of division; fought in Holland and Italy; and in 1802 com manded under Leclerc in the Santo Domingo expedition. He subsequently served under Napoleon until 1809, especially distinguishing himself at E ling and Aspern. Boudinot (bö'di-not), Elias. Born at Philadelphia, May 2, 1740: died at Burlington, N. J., Oct. 24, 1821. An American patriot and philanthropist, president of the Continental Congre 1782. Bouet-Willaumez (bö-āvē-yō-ma'), Comte Louis Edouard de. Born near Toulon, France, April 24, 1808: died at Paris, Sept. 9, 1871. A French admiral. He published "Description nautique des côtes comprises entre le Sénégal et l'équateur" (1849), etc. Boufarik (bö-fä-rēk'). A town and military post in the province of Algiers, Algeria, 21 miles southwest of Algiers, founded by the French in 1835. Population (1891), commune, 8,064. IMG:content-0212.png:[blocks in formation] Boufflers, Stan is las, Marquis de, called Abbé and then Chevalier de Boufflers. Born at Nancy, France, May 31, 1738: died at Paris, Jan. 18, 1815. A French littérateur and courtier, author of "Voyage en Sui e" (1770), etc. Boufflers-Rouvrel (bö-flar'röv-rel'), Comte e Marie Charlotte Hippolyte de. Born at Paris, 1724: died about 1800. A French lady, leader in Paris i an literary circles. After the death of her husband, the Comte de Boufflers Rouvrel, 1764, she became the reputed mistre the Prince de Conti, over whose receptions she presided. She was the friend of J. J. Rou eau, Hume, and Grimm. Bougainville (bö-gan-vēl'), Louis Antoine de. Born at Paris, Nov. 11, 1729: died there, April 31, 1814. A French navigator. He entered the army in 1754, went to Canada in 1756 as an aide-de-camp of Montcalm, and was at the battle of Quebec; subsequently he fought in Holland. In 1763 he left the army for the navy, and three years after was given command of a fleet destined to establish a French colony on the Falkland Islands, and thence to circumnavigate the globe. After leaving his colony he explored the Straits of Magellan; visited a great number of the Pacific islands, some of which he discovered; coasted New Ireland and New Guinea; touched at the Moluccas; and returned to France by the Cape of Good Hope in 1769. His "Voyage autour du monde," a description of the circumnavigation, was published in 1771. In 1781 Bougainville commanded under the Count de Gra e in the expedition to America, and had a fight with Admiral Hood off Martin i que. On his return he left the navy, with the title of chef d'escadre, and rejoined the army as a field-marshal. He retired in 1790. Bought on (baton), George Henry. Born near Norwich, England, 1834. An English-American genre and landscape painter. His family emigrated to the United States in 1839, and settled at Albany, New York. He returned to London in 1853 to study his profe ion, came to New York in 1858, and fixed his residence near London in 1861. Royal academician 1896. Bougie (bö-zhē ́), Ar. Bujayah. A seaport in the province of Const an tine, Algeria, situated on the Gulf of Bougie in lat. 36° 45′ N., long. 4° 55′ E.: the Roman Saldæ. It was an important medieval city. Population (1892), 7,862. Bouguer (bö-gā'), Pierre. Born at Croisie, Britt any, France, Feb. 16, 1698: died at Paris, Aug. 15, 1758. A French mathematician, inventor of the heliometer. Bouguereau (bög-ro'), William Adolphe. Born at La Rochelle, France, Nov. 30, 1825. A distinguished French painter, a pupil of Picot and of the Ecole des Beaux Arts. He took the grand trusted with important decorative works in public buildings, and in 1866 painted "Apollo and the Muses" in the prix de Rome in 1850. On his return to Paris he was in foyer of the Théâtre de Bordeaux. He received medals of the second cla in 1855, first cla in 1857, and third cla in 1867, and medals of honor 1878-85. He became a member of the Institute in 1876. Bouilhet (bö-lyā'), Louis. Born at Cany, Seine-Inférieure, France, May 27, 1822: died at Rouen, France, July 19, 1869. A French lyric and dramatic poet. He wrote "Meloenis" (1852), "Fo iles" (1854), "Hélène Peyron" (1858), "Festons et a strag a les" (1858), etc. Bouillabai e, The Ballad of. A ballad by Thackeray celebrating the charms of a Marseillaise chowder of that name. Bouillé (bö-yā), François Claude Amour, Marquis de. Born at Cluzel, in Auvergne, Nov. 19, 1739: died at London, Nov. 14, 1800. A French general. From 1768 to 1782 he was governor in the Antilles, and not only defended himself against the English but took several islands from them. Promoted to lieutenant-general, he was commander at Metz when the French Revolution broke out. In 1790 he quelled a mutiny of his soldiers, and soon after defeated the revolted garrison of Nancy. In June, 1791, he had secretly arranged with the king to get him out the country; the plan failing, Bouillé fled to England. He published an account of the Revolution. Bouilly (bö-yē'), Jean Nicolas. Born at Coudraye, near Tours, France, Jan. 24, 1763: died at Paris, April 14, 1842. A French dramatist and novelist. He wrote "Pierre le Grand," a comic opera (1790), "La famille américaine" (1796), "Jean Jacques Rou eau à ses derniers moments" (1791), and other plays designed to glorify French celebrities, "Contes populaires" (1844), etc. Boulainvilliers (bö-lan-ve-yā'), Comte Henri de. Born at St. Saire, Seine-Inférieure, France, Oct. 11, 1658: died at Paris, Jan. 23, 1722. A French historian. He wrote a "His to ire de l'ancien gouvernement de la France, etc." (1727), "L'État de la France, etc." (1727), "His to ire des Arabes" (1731), "His toire de la pairie de France et du parlement de Paris" (1753), etc. Boulak. See Bulak . Boulanger (bö-lon-zhā'), Georges Ernest Jean Marie. Born at Rennes, April 29, 1837: died at Bru els, Belgium, Sept. 30, 1891. A French soldier and politician. He entered the army in 1856, took part in the Kabyle expedition in 1857, was with the expedition to Cochin China in 1861, was chief of battalion in the army of Paris during the Franco-German war, and (1884) was placed in command of the army of occupation in Tunis, with the rank of a general of division. He became minister of war in the cabinet formed by M. de Freycinet, Jan. 7, 1886, which post he retained during the ministry of M. Goblet. He organized democratic reforms in the army, and posed as the leader of the party of revenge against Germany, which gave him great popularity. Left out of the ministry formed by M. Rouvier, May 30, 1887, he entered into secret alliance with the various revolutionary groups-the Intransigeants of M. de Rochefort, the League of Patriots of M. Déroulède, the anarchists, and with the Comte de Paris and the Orléanists. Hoping by means of this alliance to make himself dictator, he adopted the cry for the revision of the constitution, and by means of money furnished by the Duche e d'Uzès and the Comte de Paris was elected by a large majority in the Department of the Nord in April, 1888. In July, 1888, he fought a duel with the then premier M. Floquet, in which he was severely wounded. In January, 1889, he was elected by the city of Paris, and later by a number of departments. The Boulangist movement had now grown to such proportions that the Tirard cabinet was formed specially with a view to putting it down. Frightened by the attitude of M. Constans, the minister of the interior, he fled to Bru els, April 2, 1889. Tried by the Senate for conspiracy, he was sentenced in contumaciam to deportation. He pa ed his exile in Belgium and Jersey, and shot himself on the grave of his mistre , Madame