Oldenburg

(õld'en-boorg.) (Grand-Duchy of,) a State of the German empire, b. N. by the German Ocean, E. by the Bremen territory, and S. and W.by the Pru ian dom. Area, 2,417 sq. m. Surface level; soil various. It is drained by the Weser, Jahde, and other rivers. O. po e es considerable manu fs., besides an active export trade in horses, cattle, hides, . C. Oldenburg. This State, formed into a duchy by the Emperor Joseph II. in 1773, became a unit of the Rhenish Confederation in 1808, and was, from 1810 till 1814, absorbed into the French empire. Created a grand-duchy in 1829, O. leagued with Hanover against Pru ia in 1865, and submitted to and formed a treaty of alliance with the latter power in 1866. Pop. 315,622, OLDENBURG, a city, C. of above State, on the Hunte, 24 m. W.N.W. of Bremen. Pop. 14,226. Olden land i a, (ōld-en-lan'de-ah,) a genus of plants, O. Cinch on ace a. The species O. umbellata has long, slender, twisted roots, commonly known as Chay-root, yield a red dye, and are largely employed by the dyers of S. India, the plant being there extensively cultivated. Several shades, varying from pale to very deep red, are dyed with them, or by combination with other dyestuffs a fine chocolate is produced, while, with an iron mordant, they give a deep black. Oldham, (õld'am,) a manuf. borough of England, co. Lancaster, on the Medlock, 6 m. N.E. of Manchester. rop. 82,619. Oldham, in Kentucky, a N. co., adjoining Indiana; area, 220 sq. m.; C. La Grange. Pop. 9,027. Old Red Sandstone, (-sand's ton.) (Geol.) A formation also known as DEVONIAN AGE, q. v. Old Testament. (Script.) See BIBLE. [s. 662]