From May, 1798, to May, 1800, he was viceroy of New Spain (Mexico)

He was minister of finance under Ferdinand VII., afterward member of the supreme junta, and presided over the junta at Bayonne in favor of Joseph Bonaparte. Under Joseph he was succe ively minister of justice, of the Indies, and of ecclesiastical affairs. After the fall of the Bonapartes he lived in retirement at Bordeaux. Mexicans call him "the Bona part ist viceroy." Azara (ä-thä'rä), Felix de. Born at Barbunales, Aragon, May 18, 1746: died in Aragon, 1811. A Spanish naturalist and traveler, brother of Don José Nicolo de Azara. He entered the army and attained the rank of brigadier-general, taking part in the Algiers expedition, in which he was wounded (1775). From 1781 to 1801 he was in Paraguay as one of the commi ioners to settle the boundaries between the Spanish and Portuguese po e ions, and he devoted much of his time to studying the geography, Ayrton (ar'ton), W. E. Born in London, 1847. An English electrician and inventor, profe or of natural philosophy and telegraphy at the Imperial College of Engineering, Tokio, Japan, and zoology of this region. The results were published 1872-79. He was appointed profe or of applied physics at the City and Gilds of London Technical College, Finsbury, in 1879, and chief profe or of physics at the Central Institution, South Kensington, of the City and Gilds of London Institute in 1884. With Profe or Perry he constructed ammeters, voltmeters, etc., and with Profe or F. Jenkin and Profe or Perry devised the system of auto matic electric transport called "telpherage." His works include "On the Economical Use of Gas-engines for the Production of Electricity" (1882), "Electricity as a Motive Power" (1879), "Practical Electricity" (1887), and, with Profe or J. Perry, "Contact Theory of Voltaic Action" (1880), etc. Ays (iz), or Hais (hiz). An extinct Indian tribe of eastern and southeastern Texas. They were met with, in the first half of the 16th century, in what is now the eastern part of Indian Territory. Died about Ayscue (as'kū), Sir George. 1672. An English admiral, distinguished in the wars against the Dutch. Of his early life nothing is known. In 1646 he was a captain in the English fleet, and was one of those who adhered to the Parliament. In 1649 he was engaged on the Irish coast as admiral, and in 1651 was sent by Cromwell to America, in French, in a work on the quadrupeds of Paraguay and the Rio de la Plata, and in his "Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale" (Paris, 1809, 4 vols. 8vo, with atlas). Azara, José Nicolo de. Born 1731: died 1804. A Spanish diplomatist and art connoi eur, brother of Felix de Azara. Azariah. See Uzziah . Azay-le-Rideau (ä-zā'lê-rê-do). A small town in the department of Indre-et-Loire, France, near Tours. It contains a château, a very fine example of the Renai ance manor-house of the 16th century, with cylindrical flanking towers, high roofs, and dormer-windows. Azazeel. See Azaziel . Azazel (a-za-zel'). A name which occurs in the ritual of the day of atonement, Lev. xvi. 8, 10-26. The high priest had among other ceremonies to cast lots upon two goats. One lot was inscribed "for Yahveh" (Jehovah), the other "for Azazel." The goat upon which the lot "for Yahveh" fell was offered as a sacrifice, while on the goat upon which the lot "for Azazel" had fallen the high priest laid his hands and confe ed all the sins of the people. The goat was then led by a man into the IMG:content-0124.png:[blocks in formation] serpent.'] Originally, the cloud-serpent of Ar- yan mythology, the destroying serpent of the Avesta; later, in the heroic myths of the Irani- ans, an old king of Iran. In Firdausi, as Dahak, Dahhak, or Tohhak, he is the son of an Arab chief Mir. das and dwells in Me so pot am i a. He makes a league southwest of San Sebastian. Population (1887), with Ahriman, who prompts him to compa the death 6,616. of his own father and succeed him. Ahriman feeds Da- hak with flesh, though man had before lived on fruits. In return he wishes to ki Dahak upon the shoulders, tis. Its largest arm is the Gulf of Taganrog, and its chief tributary the Don. It is very shallow. Length, 220 miles. Width, about 80 miles. Area, 14,000 square miles. day two men are killed that the serpents may be fed with slays him in China, and seizes the kingdom, which he their brains. Attacking Iran, Dahak puts Jem to flight, holds during a you sand years of oppre ion and misrule. Overthrown by Kave and Feridun, he was chained by the latter in Mount Demavend, whence it is believed that he will at the end of time escape to spread destruction and be slain by Keresaspa. Azibaal (a-ze-bā'al). ['My strength is the god Ba'al' (?).] King of Aradus (Arvad), Pheni- cia, appointed by As urban i pal, the A yrian Azcaputzalco (äz-kä-pöt-zäl'kō), or Azcapo- zalco, or Atzcapozalco. [Nahuatl, from ezcati , the ant.] A village of Mexico about 5 miles northwest of the capital, with which it is con- Provinces, British India, intersected by lat. 26° latter. Azimgarh, or Azamgarh (a-zim-, ä-zam-gur'). A district in Benares division, Northwestern N., N., long. long. 8 83° E. Area, 2,147 square miles. Azimgarh. The chief town of the district of Azimgarh, situated on the Tons 55 miles north- east of Benares. Population, about 15,000. Drigines of central Mexico up to the year 1519, when Cor- tés put an an end to the power of the confederates of the valley plateau of Mexico. The word Azteca was only a surname, not the original designation of the tribe; and the supposed connection of the Mexicans with the New Mexican Pueblos can only be admitted when it is proved that the Pueblo languages are of one stock, and that that stock is radically connected with the Nahuatl of central Mexico. Aztecs. See Aztecas . Aztlan (äzt-län'). [Nahuatl, 'place of the great market of Mexico, where there was a regular sale of produce and slaves. Cortés and his army took refuge there after the flight of the noche triste . It was the scene of a A zin court. See Agin court . battle between the Spanish forces and those of Iturbide, Azo (äd'zō), or Azzo (äd'zō), Porcius. Died 1230 (1200?). An eminent Bolognese au- Azeglio (äd-zāl'yō), Marchese d' (Ma imo thor of "Summa codicis," and "Apparatus ad Heron.'"] A mythical site where the Aztecas Taparelli). Born at Turin, Oct. 24, 1798: died codicem." He was a pupil of John Ba i an us, and at Turin, Jan. 15, 1866. An Italian statesman taught at the University of Bologna. and author. He served in the Italian revolution of Azoff, or Azof. See Azov . 1848; was premier of Sardinia 1849-52; and was Sard in i an Azor (a'zor). The name of the Beast in Mar- Azemilchus (a-zē-mil'kus). ['Mighty king' (?).] King of Tyre and Phenic i a. During his reign Tyre, after a long siege, was conquered by Alexander the Great. Azerbaijan (äz-er-bi-jän'), or Aderbaijan. A province of northwestern Persia, lying be- tween Ru ia on the north, Turkey on the west, and Irak-Ajemi on the southeast: sur- face mountainous. It corresponds in general to the ancient Media A trop a tene. The chief city is Tabriz. Area (estimated), 30,000 to 40,000 square miles. Popula- tion, 1,000,000. Açores , F. Açores, G. Azoren: so called from Azores (a-zōrz'), or Western Islands. [Pg. the hawks ( açores ) found there.] A group of islands situated in the Atlantic 800 miles west of Portugal, in lat. 37°-40° N., long. 25°-31°10′ W. They belong to Portugal, and form the province Açores, capital Angra, with districts - Angra, Horta, and Ponta Delgada. There are nine islands: São Miguel, Santa Maria, Terceira, São Jorge, Pico, Fayal, Graziosa, Flores, and Corvo. The surface is volcanic and moun- tainous, and the soil fertile, producing oranges, wine, etc. The islands are a noted health-resort. They were oсси- pied by Portugal in 1432, and colonized by Portuguese and Population (1890), 255,511. Azotus (a-zō'tus). [Gr. " Άζωτος .] See Ashdod . Azov, or Azof, or Azoff (ä'zof). A town in the province of the Don Co acks, Ru ia, situ- ated on the Don near its mouth, in lat. 47° 10' N., long. 39° 25′ E. It was taken from the Turks by Peter the Great in 1696, and annexed to Ru ia in 1774. Population, 16,581. Azevedo y Zúñiga, Gaspar de. See Zúñiga y Azov, or Azof, or Azoff, Sea of. A sea south of Azevedo. IMG:content-0125.png:[graphic][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed] The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names Jaader (bä'der), Franz Baar (bär). A town in the canton of Zug, Xaver von. Born at Mu- nich, March 27, 1765: died at Munich, May 23, 1841. A German scholar, ap- pointed honorary profes- sor of philosophy and speculative theology at the University of Munich in 1826: chiefly known Switzerland, 15 miles northeast of Lucerne. Baar (bär), The. An elevated and broken re- gion in southwestern Würtemberg and south- eastern Baden, lying about the head waters of the Neckar and Danube. Bab (bab), Lady. A character in the Rev. James Townley's farce-comedy "High Life Below Stairs," taken by Kitty, the maid of Lady Bab, who impersonates her mistre and is so called by her fellow-servants. Bab (bäb), or Bab-ed-Din (bab'ed-den'). A title first a umed by Mohammed Ali (put to death in 1850), founder about 1843 of the Per- sian sect named Babi, which revolted against the government in 1848. See Babi . Bab Ballads, The. A volume of amusing verse by W. S. Gilbert, published in London 1868. These poems appeared originally in "Fun." Baba (bä'bä), Ali. A character in the story of "The Forty Thieves" in "The Arabian Nights' Entertainments," who makes his way into the secret cave of the forty thieves by the use of the magic words “open sesame" (the name of a kind of grain). Baba (bä bä), Cape. A promontory at the western extremity of Asia Minor, at the en- trance of the Gulf of Adramyttium. Baba, Hajji. The principal personage in a novel by James Morier, "The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan," published in 1824. Baba Abdalla (bä'bä äb-dällä). A blind man, in a story in "The Arabian Nights' En- tertainments," who becomes rich through the kindne of a dervish. His covetousne makes him demand also a box of magic ointment which, when ap- plied to the left eye, reveals all hidden treasures, but when used on the right produces total blindne . Doubt- ing this, he applies it to both, and loses sight and riches. Bababalouk. The chief eunuch in Beckford's "Vathek," a most "royal and disgusting per- sonage." The name is not original with him. Babadag (bä-bä-däg'). A town in the Do- brudja, Rumania, in lat. 44° 55′ N., long. 28° 40′ E. Population, 3,101. Babar. See Baber . Babbage (bab'āj), Charles. Born near Teign- mouth, Devons hire, Dec. 26, 1792: died at Lon- don, Oct. 18, 1871. A noted English mat he- matician, one of the founders, secretaries, and vice-presidents of the Astronomical Society, and profe or of mathematics at Cambridge (1828-39). He is chiefly known as the inventor of a calculating machine which, after many years of toil and a large expenditure of money, he failed to perfect. He Manufactures" (1st ed. 1832), a table of logarithms, and many minor works. Babbitt (bab'it), Isaac. Born at Taunton, Ma ., July 26, 1799: died at Somerville, Ma ., May 26, 1862. An American inventor and manufacturer, a goldsmith by trade, noted for the discovery of the anti-friction metal (an alloy of tin with copper and antimony) which bears his name. Babcock (bab'kok), Orville E. Born at Frank- lin, Vt., Dec. 25, 1835: died June 2, 1884. An American general. General Grant in the Civil War, and when Grant became President acted for a time as his private secretary. He was indicted in 1876 by the grand jury of St. Louis for com- plicity in revenue frauds, but was acquitted with the aid of a deposition by President Grant. He was promoted colonel July 25, 1866. ident of Waterville College (Colby University), Maine, Babieça. The name of the Cid's horse. 1833-37; served as pastor of several Baptist congrega- Babinet (bä-be-na'), Jacques. Born at Lusi- tions; and was the founder and editor of the "Baptist gnan, France, March 5, 1794: died at Paris, Oct. Babek (bä'bek). Died 837. A Persian rebel and 21, 1872. A French physicist, meteorologist, and put to death after having defied for a time the entire forces of the calif Mota em. Babócsa (bo'bo-cho). A town in the county of Sümeg, Hungary, situated near the Drave. Babœuf. See Babeuf . Baboon (ba-bön'), Lewis and Philip. Char, acters in Arbuthnot's "History of John Bull," representing, respectively, Louis XIV. and Babrius (bā'bri-us), or Babrias (bā'bri-as), or Gabrias (ga'bri-as). [Gr. Bάβριος, Βαβρίας , or Γαβρίας.] A Greek writer of the 1st century B. C., who put into choliambic verse the fables attributed to Æsop. Babua (bä'bwä), or A-babu a (ä-bä'bwä). An African tribe of the Kongo State, south of the Welle River. Ba-Bumantsu (bä-bö-män'tsö). See Bushmen. Babur. See Baber . Babuyan Islands (bä-bö-yän'i'landz). A group of small islands in the Philippines, north of Babylonia (bab-i-lō'ni-ä). See Babylon . Babylonian Captivity. 1. The period of the exile of the Jews in Babylon: usually reck- from the destruction of the temple and Jeru- salem to the return was not more than 50 years. In 605 B. C. Nebuchadnezzar attacked Jerusalem and car- ried off many prisoners. In 597 the city was again attacked and the king Jehoiachin, his household and 10,000 of the flower of the nation, were carried away. In 586 the city was captured after a siege, the city and temple were burned, and the inhabitants ma acred. The survivors were carried off to Babylonia. This was the beginning of the Babylonian captivity proper. In 536, Cyrus, after capturing Babylon, granted the exiles permi ion to return; and a colony of 42,300 persons availed itself of the privilege. 2. That period in the history of the papacy in the 14th century when the popes, exiled from Italy, lived at Avignon under French influences. Their stay in France lasted about 70 years. Babylonica (bab-i-lon'i-kä). An ancient ro- mance in thirty-nine books, by Iamb lich us, a Syrian rhetorician of the time of Trajan. It ex- isted in manuscript until near the end of the 17th century, when it was destroyed by fire. An epitome of it is given by Photius. Rhodanes and Sinonis, in their flight from King Garmus Baca (ba'kä), Valley of. [Heb., 'valley of bal sam-trees'j. A valley, referred to in the Old Testament (Ps. lxxxiv. 6), probably El-Bakei'a, between Jerusalem and Bethlehem. Bacairís, or Bakairís, or Bacahirís (bä-kä-e- rez'), or Bacurís (bä-kö-rēz'). An Indian tribe of central Brazil, living about the head waters of the Xingú and Juruena. A few hundred have submit- ted to the whites and serve as herdsmen and laborers. They have no intercourse with the wild Bacairis, who are much more numerous. The latter, who were first visited by Von den Steinen in 1886, go naked, live partly by agri- culture, and have permanent villages. By their language they are cla ed with the Carib stock. Bacapa, Saint Ludovicus. [Pima, from vatki , ruined building or house.] An abandoned mis- sion in southeastern Arizona, founded in the latter part of the 17th century, and often con- founded with Vacapa (now Matape) in central Nabopola ar, the founder of the new Babylonian empire, 625-604 B. C., and especially under his succe or Nebu- Bacbuc (bäk-bük'). The prieste of the temple that the narrative of the "tower of Babel" in Gen. xi. was connected with this temple. Concerning Babylon proper Hero dot us mentions that it had wide streets lined with houses of three and four stories. In the conquest of Cyrus, 538 B. C., the city of Babylon was spared. Darius Hystaspis razed its walls and towers. Xerxes in Rabelais's "Pant a gruel." Baccarat (bäk-kä-rä'). A town in the depart- ment of Meurthe-et-Moselle, France, situated on the Meurthe 15 miles southeast of Luné- ville: celebrated for its gla -works. Popula- tion (1891), commune, 5,723. Bacchæ (bak'e), The. [Gr. Βάκχαι , the Baccha- nals.) A play of Euripi des, a igned to a late period in the life of the dramatist. It was composed for the court of Archelaus, and is founded on the punish ment of Pen the us, "who, with his family, jeers at the worship of Dionysus, and endeavors to put it down by force. His mother Agave, and her sisters, are driven mad into the mountains, where they celebrate the wild orgies of Bacchus with many attendant miracles. Pen- the us, who at first attempts to imprison the god, and prived of his senses, is made ridiculous by being dre ed in female costume, and led out by the god to the wilds of Cithæron, where he is torn in pieces by Agave and other prince es" ( Mahaffy , Hist. of Cla ical Greek Lit., I. Bacchiadæ (ba-ki'a-dē). [Gr. Βακχιάδαι .] Α 1,873). ruling family of Corinth, a branch of the Heraclide: so named from Bacchis, king of Corinth 926-891 B. C. They ruled Corinth first un- der a monarchical form of government, then as a close Bacchiglione (bäk-ke-lyō'ne). A river in northeastern Italy which flows past Vicenza and Padua and empties into the Gulf of Venice, Length, about 80 miles. Bacchus (bak'us). [L., Gr. Βάκχος, another name of Dionysus, the god of wine; also one of his followers or priests. Also called " Ιακχος , prob. related to iάχειν , shout, with allusion to the noisy manner in which the festival of Dio- nys us was celebrated.] In cla ical mythology, Bacchus descends from his leopard-chariot, attended by satyrs and mænads, while Ariadne turns away startled. The background is of woodland, meadow, and sea, glowing with color and light, harmonious, and beautiful in form. Bacchylides (ba-kil'i-dez). [Gr. Βακχυλίδης .] A Greek lyric poet of the second rank, living in the 5th century B. c., a native of Iulis in the island of Ceos, a nephew and pupil of Simon- ides and a contemporary and rival of Pindar. He lived for a time at the court of Hiero in Syracuse. A manuscript of his poems has recently been discovered. Bacciocchi, Elisa. See Bonaparte . Bacciocchi (bä-chok'ke), Felice Pasquale, Prince of Lucca, Piombino, etc. Born at Ajac- cio, Corsica, May 18, 1762: died at Bologna, April 27, 1841. The husband of Elisa Bona- parte and brother-in-law of Napoleon I. Baccio dell a Porta. See Bartolommeo , Fra. Bach (bäch), Baron Alexander von. Born at Loosdorf, Lower Austria, Jan. 4, 1813. An Austrian Ultramontane statesman, minister of cian, grandfather of Johann Sebastian Bach. (b) Born at Erfurt, 1645: died at Arnstadt, 1693. An uncle of Johann Sebastian Bach, court musician to the Count of Schwarz- burg. (c) Born 1643: died 1703. A son of He in rich Bach of Arnstadt and uncle of the first wife of Johann Sebas- tian Bach. He was court organist at Eisenach, and one of the most noted members of the Bach family. (d) Born 1671: died 1721. The brother of Johann Sebastian Bach, organist at Ohrdruff. Bach, Johann Chris toph Fried rich. Born at Leipsic, 1732: died at Bückeburg, 1795. A son of Johann Sebastian Bach, kapellmeister to Count Schaumburg at Bückeburg. Bach, Johann Michael. Born 1648: died at Arnstadt, 1694. A son of He in rich Bach, and the father-in-law of Johann Sebastian Bach: a composer of note, and an instrument- maker. Bache, Richard. Born at Settle, Yorkshire, England, Sept. 12, 1737: died in Berks County, Pa., July 29, 1811. Son-in-law of Benjamin Franklin, postmaster-general of the United River, now largely filled in and forming a wealthy quarter of Boston, Ma achusetts. Backbite (bak'bit), Sir Benjamin. A slan- derer in Sheridan's comedy "The School for Scandal." Backer gunge (bäk'er-gunj), or Bakerganj, or Bakarganj (bäk'ar-ganj). A district in the Dacca division, Bengal, British India, in the Ganges delta. Area, 3,649 square miles. Popu- lati on (1891), 2,153,965. Backhuysen (bäk'hoi-zen), or Bakhuyzen, Ludolf. Born at Emden, in East Fries land, Dec. 18, 1631: died at Amsterdam, Nov. 17, 1708 (1709?). A Dutch marine painter. Back nang (bäk'näng). A town in the Neckar circle, Würtemberg, on the Murr 15 miles northeast ofStuttgart. Population (1890), com- mune, 6,767. Bäckström (bāk's trėm), Per Johan Edvard. Born at Stockholm, Oct. 27, 1841: died there, Feb. 12, 1886. A Swedish poet and dramatist. He was editor of "Teater och Musik" (1876), of "Nu" (1877), and of "Post och Inrikes Tidningar" (from 1878 to his death), and author of the tragedy "Dagvard Frey (1877), etc. Backtischwah. See Bakhtishwa . Back us (bak'us), Isaac. [ME. bakhous , AS. bæchūs , bake-house.] Born at Norwich, Conn., Jan. 9, 1724: died Nov. 20, 1806. An American Baptist minister, author of a "History of New England, with Special Reference to the Bap- tists" (1777--96), etc. Back well (bak'wel), Edward. Died 1683. A London goldsmith and alderman who played an important part in financial affairs under Cromwell and Charles II. He is regarded as the chief founder of the banking system in England. Bacler d'Albe (bäk-lär dälb'), Louis Albert Ghislam, Baron. Born at Saint-Pol, Pas-de- Calais, France, Oct. 21, 1762: died at Sèvres, Sept. 12, 1824. A French painter, chartographer, and soldier. He served with distinction under Napo- leon 1796-1814, especially as director of the topograph- ical bureau, and attained (1813) the rank of brigadier general. His best-known work is a picture of the battle of Arcole, in which he took part. Bac-ninh (bäk-nēny'). A town in Tonkin, in the delta of the Red River northeast of Hanoi, Near it several engagements in the French war in Tonkin took place in 1884. Bacolor (bä-kō-lōr'). A town in Luzon, Philip- pine Islands, northwest of Manila. Population (1887), 12,978. Bacon (ba'kon), Anthony. Born 1558: died May, 1601. Än English diplomatist, son of Sir Nicholas Bacon by his second wife, and bro- ther of Francis Bacon. He attached himself (1593) to the Earl of E ex, and followed his fortunes until his death, acting for seven years as his private foreign sec- retary. Bacon, Delia. Born at Tall madge, Ohio, Feb. 2, 1811: died at Hartford, Conn., Sept. 2, 1859. An American writer, sister of Leonard Bacon. Her best-known work is the "Philosophy of the Plays of Shakespeare Unfolded" (1857), in which she attempted to prove that the plays attributed to Shakspere are the work of Francis Bacon and others. Bacon, Ezekiel. Born at Boston, Ma ., Sept. 1, 1776: died at Utica, N. Y., Oct. 18, 1870. An American jurist and politician. He was member of Congre from Ma achusetts 1807-13, and first comp- troller of the United States Treasury 1813-15. Bacon, Francis. Born at York House, Lon- don, Jan. 22, 1561: died at High gate, April rist, and statesman. son of Sir Nicholas Ba- con, created Baron Verulam July 12, 1618, and Viscount St. Albans Jan. 27, 1621: commonly, but incorrectly, called Lord Bacon . He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, April, 1573, to March, 1575, and at Gray's Inn 1575; became attached to the emba y of Sir Amias Paulet in France in 1576; was admitted to lord keeper in 1617, and lord chancellor in 1618; and was tried in 1621 for bribery, condemned, fined, and removed from office. A notable incident of his career was his connection with the Earl of E ex, which began in July, 1591, remained an intimate friendship until the fall of E ex (1600-01), and ended in Bacon's active efforts to secure the conviction of the earl for treason. (See E ex . ) His great fame rests upon his services as a reformer of the methods of scientific investigation; and though his relation to the progre of knowledge has been exag- gerated and misunderstood, his reputation as one of the chief founders of modern inductive science is well Bacon, John. Born at London, Nov. 24, 1740: bacon, died there, Aug. 4, 1799. An English sculptor. Among his works are monuments to Pitt (Guildhall and Bacho, John. Died 1346. An English Car- melite monk and schoolman, surnamed "the Resolute Doctor." Bacos. See Cacos . Bacsányi (bo'chan-ye), János. Born at Ta- polcza, western Hungary, May 11, 1763: died at Linz, May 12, 1845. A Hungarian poet, prose- writer, and journalist. He founded, with Baróti and Kazinczy, a journal, the "Magyar Museum," Bactra. See Balkh . Bactria (bak' tri-ä), or Bactriana (bak-tri-a'- nä). [From Bactra .] In ancient geography, a country in Asia, north of the Paropamisus Mountains on the upper Oxus, nearly cor- responding to the modern district of Balkh in Afghanistan. The population was Aryan in race; the capital Zariaspa or Bactra, now Balkh. Bactria was the cradle of the Persian religion which Zarathushtra (Zoroas- ter) reformed about 600 B. C. (?). At a very early period it was the center of a powerful kingdom which was con- quered by the Medes, and together with these by the Per- sians, and then by Alexander. It was a part of the kingdom of the Seleucidæ, and from 256 B. C. for about 100 years an independent Greco-Bactrian kingdom which extended to the Kabul River and the Indus. Bactria belonged to the Sasanidæ until about 640 A. D., and has since been under Mohammedan rule. Francis Bacon of the Proficience and Advancement of Learning Divine and Human," in 1605; the "Novum Bacup (bak'up). A manufacturing and min- organum sive indicia vera de interpret at i one nature," ing town in Lancashire, England, situated 16 published in Latin, 1620, as a "second part of the (in miles north of Manchester. Population (1891), complete) "Ins tau ratio magna"; the "De dignitate et augment is scient i arum," published in Latin in 1623; 23,498. Baczko Baczko (bats'kō), Ludwig von. Born at Lick, East Pru ia, June 8, 1756: died March 27, 1823. A German historical writer and novelist. Badagry (bä-da-grē'). A town in West Africa, near Lagos. It was formerly the capital of a native kingdom and a great slave-port. Badajoz (bäd-ä-hōs'; Sp. bä-Dä-Hoth'). A province of Estremadura, western Spain, popularly called Lower Estremadura. Area, 8,687 square miles. Population (1887), 480,418. Badajoz. The capital of the province of Badajoz, situated on the Guadiana near the Portuguese frontier, in lat. 38° 49′ N., long. 6°56′ W.: the Roman Pax August a, or Bat allium. It is strongly fortified and has a cathedral and castle. It has belonged at various times to the Moors, Castile, and Portugal. It is the birthplace of Morales. Badajoz has often been besieged, the most notable of these events being (1) the unsucce ful siege by the Allies in 1705, when it was defended by the French and Spanish; (2) its siege by the French under Soult, who captured it March, 1811; (3) three sieges by the British, April-May, 1811, May-June, 1811, and March-April, 1812. It was stormed and taken by them April 6, 1812. Population (1887), 27,279. Badakshan (bäd-äk-shän'). A territory in cen tral Asia, about lat. 36°-38° N., long. 69°-72° E., bounded by the Amu-Daria on the north, the Hindukush on the south, and Kunduz on the west, especially noted for its rubies. It is inhabited largely by Tajiks. Capital, Faizabad. Population (estimated), 100,000. Badalocchio (bä-dä-lok'kē-ō), Sisto, surnamed Rosa. Born at Parma, 1581: died at Bologna, 1647. An Italian painter and engraver, a pupil and a istant of Annibale Carracci. Badalona (bä-Dä-lō'nä). A seaport in the province of Barcelona, Spain, northeast of Barcelona. Population (1887), 15,974. Badcock (bad'kok), John. A writer on pugilistic and sporting subjects, who wrote between 1816 and 1830 under the pseudonyms of "Jon Bee" and "John Hinds." In 1830 he edited the "Works of Samuel Foote," with remarks, notes, and a memoir (under the name of Jon Bee). Baddeley (bad'li), Robert. Born probably in 1733: died in 1794. An English actor. He was originally the cook of Samuel Foote, and went on the stage before 1761. He was the original Moses in the "School for Scandal." In his will he left the revenue of his house in Surrey for the support of an asylum for decayed actors, and also the interest of one hundred pounds to provide wine and cake for the actors of Drury Lane Theater on Twelfth Night. This is still done. Since 1843, then, the term of "Their," or "Her Majesty's Servants," is a mere formality, as there is no especial company now privileged to serve or solace royalty. Mr. Webster, who occupies Garrick's chair in the management of the Theatrical Fund, tells me, that Baddeley was the last actor who wore the uniform of scarlet and gold prescribed for the "gentlemen of the household" who were patented actors; and that he used to appear in it at rehearsal. He proud of being one of their "Majes ties servants, was title once coveted by all nobly-aspir ing actors.