Crowns

in ancient military history, were of various uses and denominations, viz. Oval Crown , corona oval is , given to a general who, without effusion of blood, had conquered the enemy. Naval Crown , corona naval is distributed to those who first should board an enemy’s ship. Camp Crown , corona cast rens is , the reward of those who first pa ed the palisades of, and forced an enemy’s camp. Mural Crown , corona mural is , the recompense and mark of honor due to those who first mounted the breach at an a ault of a besieged town. Civic Crown , corona civic a , more esteemed than the preceding: it was the distinguishing mark of those who had saved the life of a Roman citizen in battle. It was given to Cicero for di ipating the conspiracy of Cat i line, and denied to Cæsar, because he embrued his hands in the blood of his fellow citizens. Triumphal Crown , corona triumphal is , the symbol of victory, and presented to a general who gained any signal advantage to the republic. Gra Crown , corona graminea was delivered by the whole Roman people to any general who had relieved an army invested or besieged by the enemy. The and generals; this was given to Fabius by the Roman people, for obliging Hannibal to decamp from Rome. Olive Crown , corona oliva , the symbol of peace, and presented to the negotiators of it. | CROISADE | | - | | CRUSADE | in military history, also called a holy war, barbarous expeditions of the Christians against the Saracens or Turks for the recovery of the holy land, and so called from those who engaged in it wearing a cro on their clothes.