Bibio

( Zool.) A genus of insects, sub-fam. Bibioni de. They are of small size; their flight is slow and heavy: they are found in damp, marshy places; and some species are troublesome pests to our domestic animals. Bibion'idæ, n. pl. ( Zool.) A sub-fam. of dipterous insects, distinguished from all the other Tipulidæ, by having the body and legs shorter and more robust; antennæ cylindric; and wings large. the collected books of the Old and New Testaments. The Greek word in primitive use was ἡ γραφή , οτ, τὰ ἱερὰ γράμματα; and τα βιβλία is not found till the 5th century, applied to the Sacred Writings by St. Chrysostom. The name Old Testament first occurs in St. Paul's Second Epistle to the Corinthians (iii. 14), written in A. D. 55. The canon is generally believed to have been closed by Simon the Just, about B. c. 292. The Apocrypha (q. v.) was added в. с. 150. The Old Testament canon consists of 39 books, divided into 929 chapters, containing 592,439 words. Of this portion of the B. , the oldest edition is the Septuagint , translated into the Greek, according to the tradition of Aristeas, B. c. 277, by 72 Jews. The work was undertaken at the desire of Ptolemy Philadelphus. The books of the New Testament , written in Hellenistic Greek, were first collected about the middle of the 3d century. Peter ( 2d Epistle iii. 16), in 65, speaks of St. Paul's Epistles as though they had been collected in his time. Doubtle , the separation of the genuine from the spurious had already commenced when St. Peter wrote. The New Testament is divided into 27 books containing 265 chapters. The Sacred Writings were translated by the early Christians into various languages. Eusebius says, "They were translated into all languages, both of Greeks and barbarians, throughout the world, and studied by all nations as the oracles of God." Many of the Fathers bear similar testimony. Origen published a B. called Hexapla , in 6 columns, with different versions, and, on adding to, called it the Octapla. The division of the B. into chapters has been erroneously attributed to Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1206. The Psalms were always divided as at present, and Hugo de Sancto Caro, a Dominican friar, and afterwards a cardinal, who compiled the first concordance to the B. , divided the matter into sections, and the sections into under-divisions; and these sections are the chapters. He flourished about 1240, and D. in 1262. Rabbi Isaac Nathan, in 1445, introduced regular These alterations have since been much im verses. proved. In the Latin translation of the B. , by Paginus of Lucca, published at Lyons in 1528, Arabic numerals are placed in the margin, opposite the verses. IMG:content-0612.png:[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small] Manx N T. Bib. Place of Printing. 1516 1455 Paris. 1462 Mentz. 1467 1471 Venice. 1475 Cologne. 1478 Valencia. 1487 Paris. 1488 Prague. 1488 Basle. 1522 1534 Wittenberg. 1525 1529 Zurich. 1526 Antwerp. 1535 [Uncertain.] 1535 Geneva. 1534 1541 Upsal. 1524 1550 Copenhagen. 1560 1562 Geneva. 1556 1569 Frankfort or Basle. 1519 1581 Ostrog. 1548 1642 Stockholm. 1567 1588 London. 1574 1589 Vienna. 1584 Holum, Iceland. 1585 1596 1593 Cralitz. [Moravia.] 1661 1663 Cambridge, U. S. 1635 Rouen. 1638 1666 Geneva. Oxford. 1602 1685 London. 1704 Belfast. 1755 1763 1767 1802 Edinburgh. 1781 1783 Lisbon. Gaelic. Portuguese Greenlandic. Chinese.. IMG:content-0613.png:[blocks in formation] A. D. REMARKABLE EDITIONS OF ENGLISH BIBLES. 1526. Tyndale's New Testament. ( Antwerp .) 1530. Tyndale's Pent a teuch. ( Marburg , He e.) 1531. Joye's Isaye ( Isaiah ). ( Strasburg . ) 1535. Bar tho let us, first Latin Bible printed in England, (4to. London). - Tyndale and Cover dale's folio. 1537. Matthew's Bible. ( Folio .) 1537. An edition of Cover dale's Bible. (4to. South wark .) 1539. The Great (or Cromwell's Bible) ( London ). The first Bible printed by authority in England. 1539. Taverner's Bible. ( Folio , London .) 1540. Cranmer's edition of the Great Bible. ( Fol . London .) 1560. Geneva Bible. (4to. Geneva.) 1568. Parker's or the Bishop's Bible. ( Fol . London.) 1571. The Gospels, in Saxon and English. The Saxon from the Vulgate, and the English from the Bishop's Bible. ( London .) 1576. Genevan Bible. ( Fol. Edinburgh.) The first Bible printed in Scotland. 1609. First Roman Catholic Bible in England. (4to. Douay.) 1611. The Royal, or King James L.'s, Bible. ( Fol . London .) 1632. The "Wicked" Bible. (8vo. London.) 1633. First Scottish edition of Authorized Bible. (Sro Edinburgh .) 1657. Walton's Polyglott Bible. ( Fol . London .) 1717. Vinegar Bible. ( Fol . Oxford .) 1850. Wyckliffe's Bible. (4to. Oxford .) 1869. The Amer. B. Union (Baptist) revised translation. 1878. Bible and Commentary. Ed. by F. C. Cook, with many able a istants. Known as The Speaker's Commentary, as it was undertaken at the instance of the Speaker of the English House of Commons in 1863. Vol. I. i ued, London, 1878. 1885. The New Version, of which the New Testament was i ued in 1881, and the old in 1885 For list of books in the Bible, see CANON OF SCRIPTURE. Bible-oath, n. An oath on the Bible; a sacred obligation. Bibler, n. [Lat. bibo , to drink.] A tippler. Bible Societies, n . pl . The following are the prin- cipal a ociations formed for the di emination of the Scriptures, with the date of institution: IMG:content-0614.png:[blocks in formation] 1808. Philadelphia Bible Society. 1813. Ru ian Bible Society. Suspended in 1826. 1817. American Bible Society. 1831. Trinitarian Bible Society. 1850. American Bible Union, N. Y. Since the revolution in Italy of 1859, and that in Spain of 1868, Bible societies have been established in both countries. Some of these societies have a large number of branch establishments. Pope Pius VII. i ued a bull at Rome, June 29, 1816, against Bible societies, denouncing the movement as a crafty device, by which the very foundations of religion are undermined.