During the Middle Ages the Arabs cultivated the learning of the Greeks

Chandler's Encyclopedia · 1898 · p. 8
They preserved science alive during this dark period, but their own contributions are almost insignificant. which indicate that they must have made continuous observations for many hundred years. Astrology has been relegated among us to quacks and empiricists, but is still seriously practiced in China, where, until recently, the court astrologers were important government officers. In 1543 Copernicus proclaimed something like the true theo of the solar system; soon after, after, Galileo with his newly invented telescope was able to extend enormously the bounds of the visible universe, thereby contributing greatly toward a truer conception of the same; Kepler, by attentively studying the fine series of observations of Tycho Brahe, discovered his three well-known laws; these prepared the way for Newton.
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