SOMA LIL AND

part of E. Africa into Ind. Ocean. Country is undulating plateau with much desert. Largest river is Webi Shebeli, which rises in Aby in i an Hills and flows acro the Aby in i an and Ital. Soma lil and in a S. E. direction; only the Juba in the S. reaches the ocean. Political divisions are Fr., Brit., and Ital. Soma lil and along coast, and Aby in i an Soma lil and im interior. French Soma lil and, or Somalé Coast, lies between Eritrea and Brit. Scomaliland. Chief towns are Jibuti (cap.) and Obok. France acquired Sagalio and Tajurah in 1884, Ambado in 1885; and limits of Fr. protectorate were defined by Anglo-Fr. treaty in 1888. It is administered by a governor and administrative council; has salt mine and costal fisheries; large inland trade, especially by railway from Jibuti te Adis Ababa; chief exports: coffee, ivory, hides, and skins. Natives are [f as, Danakils, Arabs, Somalis, and Indians. A Somali battalion served during the World War. Area, 5,790 sq. ™.; pop. 206,000. British Soma lil and, or Semaiidand Protectorate, lies between Fr., Aby in i an, and Ital. Soma lil and. Chief towns are Berbera (cap.), Zeila, Bulkar. Brit. Protectorate was established here between 1884 and 1886; limits were de fined by Anglo-Fr. and Angio-Ital. treaties in 1888 and 1894 respectively; and by an Anglo-Aby in i an agreement in 1897, when Britain ceded c. 15,000 sqm. to Aby in i a. Administration of terr. was carried out by India Office till 1898, Foreign Office, 1898 to 1905, Colonial Office since 1905. Punitive expeditions were undertaken against the ‘Mad Mullah’ in 1901-5; since 1910, Britain has restricted its administration to the coast. Gums, ghee, cattle, sheep, stc., are exported. ‘Transport is by camels. There is a camel corps of 700 and 500 police. Area, 68,000 sg. m.; pop. ec. 300,000, nomadic, except on coast. ‘ Tialian Soma lil and lies between Brit. and Aby in i an Soma lil and, Kenya Colony, and Ind. Ocean; chief towns, Mogadisho, Merka, Brava; includes three protectorates: (i) Sultanate of terr. of the Nogal; and colony of 8. Ital. Soma lil and (formerly Benadir). Limits were defined by Anglo-Ital. and Ital,- Aby in i an treaties, 1894 and 1907; by treaty of 1915 and post-war agreament Britain has granted Italy terr.on r. bk. of Juba R. with port of Kismayw. Administration is by civil governor. Cattle, sheep, and camels are raised. There is a railway between Mogadisho Aby in i an Soma lil and has an area ef Somalis are of Hamitic descent, with 2n admixture of Arab and negro blood. They area warlike race, and are generally dark brown in color, and of good stature. They are Mohammedans. See Map AFRICA.