mon actinellidæ

pl. [Pref. mon-; Mod. Lat, act in ell a a little ray, and Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -idœ.] Zool .: A name usually given to a sub-order of Silicispongiæ, more properly called Monaxon ide (q. v.), since they are characterized by being uniaxial, not by being one-rayed. mon-ad, s . [Lat. monas (gen it. monad is )=a unit, from Gr.monas =a unit, from monos alone, single; Sp. monad a ; Ital. monade .] I. Ord. Lang .: An ultimate atom or molecule; a simple substance without parts; a primary const it uent of matter. "But that which is of more moment yet; we have the authority of Ecphantus a famous Pythagorean for this, Pythagoras his monads, so of, were nothing else but corporeal atoms."-Cudworth: Intel. Sys tem, p. 13. II. Technically : 1. Chem .: Univalent element. A name given to those elements which can directly unite with, or replace, one atom of hydrogen in a compound. The monad elements are hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, lithium, sodium, pota ium, rut he nium, cesium, and silver. 2. Philol .: A monosyllabic word or root; spec if.. a monosyllabic root of the isolating cla of languages. 3. Philos.: A term first used by Giordano Bruno (circ. 1548-1600), and adopted in a slightly different sense and brought into prominence by Leibnitz (1648-1716). To avoid the Atomism of Gas send i, he conceived a number of true unities, without extension, but endowed with the depth of an internal life, thus distinguishing them from atoms. ( Merz .) "Monad is the term given by Leibnitz to simple unextended substance; that is a substance which has the power of action All monads have ideas, but the ideas monamine of the different monads are of different degree of clearne . God is the primitive monad, the primary substance; all other monads are its fulgurations. God has none but adequate ideas. Every soul is a monad. Plants and minerals are, as it were, sleeping monads with unconscious ideas. In plants these ideas are formative vital forces; in animals they take the form of sensation and memory; in human souls they disclose themselves in consciousne , reason; they approach, though they do not attain, the clearne of the adequate ideas po e ed by God."-Hist. Pantheism , ii. 207, 208. 4. Zool.: (See extract.) "No better illustration of the impo ibility of drawing any sharply defined distinction between animals and history of words. The name of Monat plants can be found, than that which is supplied by the has been commonly applied to minute free or fixed, rounded or oval bodies, provided with one or more long cilia, and usually provided with a nucleus and a conSome are locomotive conditions tractile vacuole of indubitable plants; others are embryonic conditions of as indubitable animals. Yet others are embryonic forms of organisms which appear to be as much animals as plants; and of others 'it is impo ible to say whether they should be regarded as animals or as plants." Huxley: Anat. Invert . Animals , pp. 44, 45. monad-radical, s. Chem.: A compound radical which can replace one atom of hydrogen, or which requires only one equivalent of a monad element to satisfy its active atomicity. *mon-a-där-I-a, s. pl. [Latin monas , gen it. monad ( is ); neut. pl. adj. suff. -aria .] Zool.: De Blainville's name for the Infusoria. mon-a-děl-phi-a, s. pl . [Pref. mon- (q. v.); Gr. adelphos a brother, and Lat. neut. pl. adj. suff.-ia.) Bot.: The sixteenth cla in Linnæus' system. The stamens constitute a single "brotherhood" or bundle, being united with a single tube. There are seven orders, Tri and ria, Pent and ria, Hept and ria, Oct and ria, Dec and ria, Do dec and ria, and Poly and ria (q. v.). tmon-a-děl-phi-an, q. & s. [Mod. Lat. mona delph i (a); Eug. suff. -an. ] Botany : A. As adj .: The same as MONADELPHOUS (q. v.). B. As subst.: A plant of the Linnæan cla Mon a delph i a (q. v.).