Erythrophylline

[Gr. erythros, red, and phyl lon, leaf.] ( Chem.) A substance to which the autumnal red tint of some leaves is due. Erythroxyla'ceæ, n . [From erythroxylon , from Gr. erythros, red, and zulon , wood.] ( Bot . ) The Erythroxylon family, an order of plants, alliance Sap in dales . DIAG. Complete, partially symmetrical flowers, an imbricated calyx, petals with an appendage, se ile pendulous ovules, capitate stigmas, and a straight embryo. They are shrubs or trees. The order contains but one genus, Erythroxylon , which includes 75 species, natives of the warmer regions of the world, and especially abundant in Brazil. The order is so closely allied to Malpighia cea (q. v.), that it scarcely presents characters sufficient to warrant its separation from that order. Some plants are tonic, others purgative, and others stimulant and sedative. The wood of E. hyp eric i folium and the bark of E. suberosum are red, and are used for the preparation of dyes of that color. Red is, in fact, the common color of the wood throughout the genus; hence its name. The most important species is E. coca , the leaves of which are much used by the Peruvians and other peoples of South America to form a masticatory, which is prepared by adding to them a very small quantity of alkaline paste made from the ashes of different plants, or even a little common quicklime. The Indians of Peru have always ascribed to the coca marvellous virtues, believing that it will le en the desire and nece ity for ordinary food. Spruce says that an Indian with a chew of this masticatory in his cheek, will go two or three days without food, and feel no desire to go to sleep. Dr. Weddell, however, speaks far le highly of the virtues of the coca: he states that it does not satisfy the appe- tite, but merely enables those who chew it to support abstinence for a length of time with a feeling of hunger -v. n. To flee, shun, and be secure from danger; to avoid or weakne . The use of coca is said to prevent the dif- an evil. ficulty of respiration which is generally experienced in "They escaped all safe to land."- Acts xxvii. 44. ascending long and steep mountains. Its exce ive use -To be pa ed without hurt or danger; as, to escape being is stated to be most injurious, producing effects analo- go us to those occasioned by the immoderate use of opium -n. and fermented liquors. Johnston has computed the annual consumption of coca at 30,000,000 lbs.; and has stated that its chewing is indulged in by abt. 10,000,000 of the human race. The nature of the constituents which give rise to the peculiar, stimulating, hunger- allaying, and narcotic effects of coca, has not yet been satisfactorily determined. Escapable, a. That may be avoided. Escapade, ( es - ka - pad ',) n . [Fr., from It. scappata, scap- pare, to escape.] The fling or irregular motion of a -v. n. To revert, as land, to the lord of a manor, by horse. "The horse sprung loose, and flew into an escapade."-Dryden. -An impropriety of speech or behavior of which a person is unconscious; a vagary; a prank; a frolic; as, the es- capades of a wild youth. Escape', v . a. [Fr. échapper ; It. scappare ; Sp.escopár. In Low Lat. escapium means flight, and is derived by Du Cange from ex captione se subducere, to withdraw one's self; from capturo -root capio , to take.] To flee from, or avoid; to get out of the way of; to shun; to obtain security from; as, to escape from prison. To pa un- observed; to evade notice; to avoid the danger of; as, the matter escaped my memory. Erythrox'ylon, n . See ERYTHROXYLACEE. Erz'berg. Ger., ore-mountain.) A mining-district of Styria, so called from a mountain of same name, which for upwards of 1,000 years has yielded vast quantities of iron. Fig . 964. (Horol.) That part of a clock or watch by which the circular motion of the wheels is converted into a vibrat- ing one, as that of the pendulum in a clock, or the balance of a watch. Or, it is a mechanical contrivance for transmitting the maintaining power of a clock or watch to the regulator, whether balance or pendulum. Escarbuncle, n. ( Her .) The heraldic name for the precious stone called carbuncle . Escarp', v. a. [Fr. escar per , to cut steep down; said of rocks and mountains, to render them inacce ible. Sec SCARP.] ( Mil .) To form into a scarp; to make to slope suddenly. A sudden slope; anything high or precipitous. ( Fortif .) The side of the ditch which forms the lower part of the rampart of a fortre , and which is below the natural level of the ground, or the summit of the glacis on the other side, is called the escarp or scarp. The slope of the E. depends on the nature of the earth in which the ditch is cut, and the manner in which it is finished, varying from an angle of 45° with the level of the bottom of the ditch, if it consist of the soil only and loose rubble, to one of 80°, if the E. be rivetted with masonry. When the E. is not rivetted, it should be defended by lines of palisades projecting from its sur- face at right angles. At the present time many engineers make the rivetments of the E. and counterscarp per- pendicular. Escarp'ment, n. [Fr. escarpement .] A steep declivity; a precipitous side of any hill or rock. ( Mil .) Ground cut away nearly vertically about a position in order to prevent an enemy from arriving at the latter. Escatap'pa, or Dog River, in Alabama and Mi is- sippi , rises in Washington co., of the former State, and flowing S.S.W. into Mi i ippi, empties into Mi i ippi Sound from Jackson co. Eschalot, ( esh - a - lot ',) n. [Fr. échalotte , from Lat. As- calonius, of Ascalon, the Askelon of Scripture. See ASCALON.] ( Hort .) A species of onion or garlic, com- monly called shallot . Eschar, ( ěs'kār ,) n. [Gr. eschar a , a brazier.] ( Surg .) A scar or scab on a wound caused by burning; the crust or scab occasioned by burns or caustic applications. Es'chara, n. [Fr. escare .] ( Zool .) A genus of Alcyonida . distinguished by their foliate skeleton. Escharot'ic, a. [Fr. escharotique ; L. Lat. escar otic us .] Caustic; having the power of scarring or destroying the flesh. -n. (Med.) One of that cla of caustic medicines used to eat off, as it is popularly called, fungoid growths, or exce ive granulations, or what is known as proud flesh; drugs or compounds which have the power of eroding or di olving the animal texture, and forming new com- bin a tions. The most important of the E. are quicklime, lunar caustic, bluestone, burnt alum, arsenic, caustic potash, and the mineral acids. An E. may be either as stimulating and violent as the most severe of the poten- tial cauteries, or it may be merely slightly or gently stimulating, as powdered sugar, which is sometimes used for the purpose. Eschatology, n. [Gr. eschatos , last, and logos , doc- trine.] The doctrine of the end of all things, as death, judgment, . Escheat', n . [O. Fr. eschoëtte; L. Lat. escheta, from escadere - L. ez , and cadere , to fall; Fr. échoir. See CADENCE.] (Law . ) That which falls or lapses to the original proprietor, or to the state, as lands or other property, through failure of heirs, or by forfeiture. - Es'cherite, n. ( Min .) A variety of EPIDOTE, q. v. Eschew', v. a. [O. Fr. eschever; Ger. scheuen; A.S. scu- nian, to shun. See SHUN.] To shun; to avoid; to flee from; as, to eschew evil. Eschew'er, n. One who eschews. Eschew'ment, n. Act of eschewing. (R.) Escholtz Bay, a portion of the Arctic Ocean, in Alaska, forms the innermost part of Kotzebue Sound, the first great inlet to the N.E. of Behring's Strait. It is about Lon. 161° W., being barely on the outside of the polar circle, and is worthy of notice chiefly on account of its fo il remains. Eschscholtzia, ( esh - sholts'i -a.) [From the botanist Eschscholtz.] ( Bot .) A genus of plants, order Papavera- ceæ , of which E. Californica and other species, natives of California, have been much cultivated of late in our flower-gardens, making a showy appearance with their large deep yellow flowers. The genus is remarkable for the calyx, which separates from the dilated apex of the flower-stalk, being thrown off by the expanding flower, and much resembling in its form the ext in- guisher of a candle. -v.a. To attend and guard on a journey or excursion; to accompany as a safeguard; to attend ceremoniously; as, to escort a lady to her home. Escouade, ( ès - koo - ade ',) n. [Fr.] ( Mil .) See SQUAD. Escout', n. Same as Scout, q. v. Escritoire, (es-kritwór,) n. [O. Fr. escriptoire ; Fr. écritoire; Sp. escritorio , from Lat. scribere , to write. See SCRIBE.] A box or desk with all implements and con- veniences for writing; a scrutoire. Escrito'rial, a . Pertaining, or having reference, to an escritoire. Escrod', n. See SCROD. Escroll', n. ( Her .) A scroll; the representation of a slip of paper, parchment, ., on which the motto of an escutcheon is inscribed. Es'crow, n . [N. Fr. escrover , a scroll.] ( Law .) A deed delivered to a third party, to be the deed of the party making it upon a future condition when a certain thing is performed, until which it has no effect as a deed. The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia Esdras, (Books of,) (er'dras.) ( Script .) Though usu- ally ascribed to Ezra, the authorship and date of the first and second books of Esdras are involved in great obscurity. Lawrence supposes the second book to have been written в. с. 28-25. They were admitted as canon- ical by the Council of Carthage in 397 or 419, but have since been included in the Apocrypha. Esemplastic, a. [Gr. es, to, en, one, and plastikos , formed.] Moulded or formed into one. Esh'boral, the fourth son of Saul, generally called Ishbosheth. Esh'col, the small and well-watered valley from which the Hebrew spies obtained the specimen of grapes, which they suspended from a staff borne by two men for safe carriage to Moses. This valley is believed to be the one which closely adjoins Hebron on the north, and still furnishes the finest grapes in the country, as well as pomegranates, figs, olives, etc. the same county, falling into the sea at Montrose, -5 | Especial ne , n. State or object of being especial. (SOUTH.) In the county of Peebles, falling into the North Espejo, ( ais - paiʼho ,, a town of Spain, 20 m. from Cor- Esk below Dalkeith. -Also a river of Cumber land, England, rising in the Sea Fell, and falling into the Irish Sea near Raven gla . Eske, a river of England, rising near Kildare, Yorkshire, and falling into the North Sea at Whitby. Es'ki-Sa'gra, a town of Eastern Koumelia, at the S. base of the Balkan Mountains, 70 m. N. W. of Adrianople. Manuf . Carpets, leather, and hardware. Pop . 21,600. Esla, a river of Spain, rises in the prov. of Valencia, Old Castile, and, after a S.W. course of 125 m., joins the Douro, 15 m. below the town of Zamora. Esmark'ite, n. ( Min .) Same as FAHLUNITE, q. v. Es'men, in Illinois , a flourishing township of Living- Esmeralda, in Brazil, a sierra or mountain-chain, prov. of Minas-Geraes, stretching about 170 m. E. and W. Esmeralda, in Ecuador, a river which rises near Quito, and flows N.W. into the Pacific, abt. Lat. 0° 58′ N., Lon. 79° 40′ W. - A sea-port town, abt. 10 m. from the mouth of E. River, and 95 m. N.W. of Quito. Esmeral'da, in Venezuela, a mi ion settlement, on the Orinoco River. Esmeralda, in Nevada , a S.W. co., bordering on Cali- fornia, Utah, and Arizona. Rivers . Walker river. It also contains Walker lake. Surface , elevated plains; soil, sterile. Min . Silver, gold, lead, iron, coal, and salt. Cap . Hawthorne. Pop . (1890), 2,148. Esmerelda, in California , a post-office of Calaveras co. Es'mond, in Illinois , a post-office of DeKalb co. Es'mond, in South Dakota , a post-village of Kings- bury co. Es'mont, in Virginia , a post-office of Albemarle co. Es'ne, Esna, or Esnch, a town of Upper Egypt, and the last place of any maguitude on the side of Nubia, 25 m. from Thebes. It is the entrépôt of the Sennaar caravans, and is famous for a vast ancient temple, now converted into a cotton factory. Manuf . Cotton, shawls, and pottery. Pop . (1897) estimated at about 7,000. Near this place Davoust defeated the Mamelukes, 1799. Esocidæ, n . pl . (Zool.) See PIKE. Esophagus, n. ( Anat .) See ESOPHAGUS. Eso pian, a. [Lat. Æsop us .] Pertaining to Esop; after the manner of Æsop; as, Esopian fable. Eso'pus, in New York , a post-village and township of Ulster co., on the Hudson River, about 68 m. S. by W. of Albany. Eso'pus Creek, in New York , enters the Hudson River from Ulster co. Esoteric, a. [Fr. ésoterique , from Gr. esoterikos , inner, intimate, from eso , eiso , into, from eis , into, to.] Pri- vate; secret; mysterious; taught to a select few, as cer- tain doctrines of the ancient philosophers; correlative to exoteric, or public. Esoterically, ade . In an esoteric manner. Esotericism, (es-ō-ter'i-sizm,) n. Esoteric doctrines or principles. Es'otery, n. Mystery; secrecy. E's ox, n. [Lat.] ( Zool .) See PIKE. Es'pad on, n. [It. spadone.) A long, heavy sword used in the decapitation of criminals. Espalier, n. [Fr.; It. spalliera , probably from Lat. pal us, a pole.] ( Hort .) A substitute for a wall on which to train fruit-trees, and sometimes ornamental shrubs. The objects are to expose the foliage of the plants more perfectly to the light, to prevent the branches from being blown about by the wind, and to economize space by confining them within definite limits. The espalier is either constructed of wood or iron; and commonly of two horizontal rails joined by upright rods, six or eight inches apart. r. a. To form an espalier. Española. See HAYΤΙ. Espar'cet, n. [Fr.] A plant, being a kind of sainfoin. Espartero, JOACHIM BALDOMERO, Duke of Victory, ( ais- par-tair'o,) a Spanish soldier of fortune, B. near Alma- gro, 1793. Captivated by the charms of a military life, he enlisted in 1808 as a common soldier. On the breaking out of the South American Revolution, he accompanied his regiment to Peru, where he rapidly distinguished himself, and rose to the grade of a commanding officer, and where he remained till the final triumph of the revolu- Espi'al, n. [See ESPY.] Act of espying; observation; notice, Espi'er, n. One who watches, after the manner of a spy. Espinel, n. Same as SPINEL, q. v. Espinhaço, or Espinhaca, (SIERRA DO,) a moun- tain-chain of Brazil, extending in a direction generally parallel with the coast, from the right bank of the San Francisco to the head-waters of the Uruguay. Its north- ern part forms the eastern limit of the basin of the former river. The Sierra, as a whole, is said to be rich in diamonds. Espionage, (es'pi - on- aj ,) n. [Fr. espionnage. See ESPY.] Practice of watching others without being sus- pected, and giving intelligence of discoveries made. Espiotte, (es'pe-ot,) n. [Fr.] A kind of rye. Espirito Santo, or VILLA VELHA D'ESPIRITO SANTO, the former cap. of the following prov., on the Bay of Espirito Santo; pop . about 100. Espirito Santo, (ai-spe're-too san-to,) a maritime prov. of Brazil, bounded N. by Bahia, S. by Rio-Janeiro, W. by Minas-Geraes, and E. by the Atlantic; area , 23,000 sq. m. It has a rich but ill cultivated soil. Along the coast are the islands called the Abrolhos. The interior, covered with mountains and dense forests, is mostly peopled by Indians. Cap . Vittoria. Espiritu Santo, an island in the Gulf of California, about 30 m. N. of La Pas. Length about 13 m.; breadth about 5 m. Espiritu Santo, in Florida . See TAMPA BAY. Espi'ta, a town of Yucatan, Mexico, about 30 m. N. of Valladolid; pop . about 3,000. Esplanade', n . [Fr., from Lat. plan us , plain.) Any clear space used for public exercise. tion compelled the Royalists to quit the country. Upon To adopt; to take to one's self with a view to maintain; the breaking out of the civil war in 1833, E. joined the side of the youthful queen, where he soon became the head and directing chief, and was mainly instrumental in seating Christina on the throne of her fathers, for which he was ennobled with the title of Duke of Victory. In 1841, during the minority of the queen Isabella, he was elected Regent of Spain; two years later, civil fac- tion drove him a refugee to England. In 1854 he was again called to a ume the reins of government, which he held till 1856. In 1870 he declined the crown of Spain when offered him; and in 1872 was appointed Captain-general of the kingdom. D. Jan. 1879. Espouse'ment, n. Act of espousing. Espous'er, n. One who espouses; one who embraces the cause of another. Espar'to, n. [Sp. and Pg.] A species of gra , the Stipa or Macrochloa tenacı ıma, found in Spain and Al- giers. It is made into cordage, and is largely used in paper-making; the amt. exp. yearly from the Mediter- ranean for this purpose has become very valuable. Espauliere, (es-po-le-ar',) n. ( Mil .) A kind of metal shoulder-piece, used in the 15th century; whence the modern term epaulet . Especial, (es - pesh'al ,) a. [Fr. spécial. See SPECIAL.] Principal; chief; special; particular; as, an especial proviso. Especially, adv . In an uncommon degree; specially; principally; chiefly; particularly; peculiarly; expre ly. Esprin'gal, n. ( Antiq .) A kind of balista. Esprit, St., (es-pre',) a town of France, dep. Lauders, on the Adour, opposite Bayonne, of which it is a suburb; pop . 9,000. Espy', v. a. [Fr. épier; O. Fr. espier; It. spiare. See SPY.] To see at a distance; to observe or behold; to seek or search after; to discern; to descry; to discover; to discover or see unexpectedly; as, to espy land. -To inspect narrowly; to examine; to survey. -v. n. To look narrowly; to look about; to watch. Es'pyville, in Pennsylvania , a post-village of Crawford co., on Shenango Creek, adt. 10 m. N.N.W. of Pittsburg. Eşquimaux, (eske-mo,) sometimes called Eskinos , or "eaters of raw flesh," is the name given to a diminutive people inhabiting the coasts of all the seas, bays, inlets, and islands of America, north of the 60° N. Lat., from the eastern coast of Green land, in Lon. 20°, to the Strait of Behring, in Lon. 167° W. On the Atlantic, they are to be found along the entire coast of Labrador to the Strait of Belle- isle, and down the east side of Hud- son's Bay nearly as far as James's Bay; while on the Pacific they reach as far as the Pen- insula of Alaska. They are also to be met with on the Asiatic side of Behring's Strait, and though few in number, may be regarded as the most widely spread nation in the world, occu- pying, according to Mr. Gall at in, not le than 5,400 miles of coast, without including the inlets of the sea. Though in- habiting a coun- try where the Red- skins are their closest neighbors, the Esquimaux differ from them IMG:content-0071.png:[blocks in formation] as the greatest delicacy that could be offered them. Their religion consists principally in superstitious observances, but they believe, we are told, in two greater spirits and many le er ones. The Moravian mi ion in Green land, commenced by Hans Egede in 1721, has succeeded in converting many of them to Christianity; and they are represented by the mi ionaries to be a mild and teach--v. a. To perfume; to scent; to make aromatic. E ence de Petit Grain, n. [Fr.] See CITRUS. E ence d'Orient, n. [Fr.] A term applied to a pearly-looking matter found principally at the base of the scales of the bleak , a small fish of the gen. Cyprinus; it is used to line the interior of gla bubbles or beads, as in the manufacture of artificial pearls. Esquina, a town of the Argentine Republic, La Plata, prov. of Corrientes, on the Parana River; pop . abt. 800. Esquipulas, a town of Central America, in the State of Guatemala, abt. 18 m. S. by E. of Chiquimula; pop . abt. 1,800. Esquire', n. [Fr. écuyer , a shield-bearer; Lat. scutifer .] In the Middle Ages and the days of chivalry the E. was a young gentleman of good family in immediate attend- ance upon a knight, who carried his shield and performed many duties in this capacity, which were not, however, of a menial nature. The E. first served as a page in the knight's household. When he was old enough and po e ed of sufficient strength and skill to bear arms, the page was promoted to the rank of E. , and attended the knight at tournaments and in the battle-field. He eventually became a knight himself, after exhibiting such prowe in the field or elsewhere as might entitle him to claim the spurs and other insignia of a knight. In the present day, in England, the title of E. should give the bearer precedence over gentlemen properly so called, who are entitled to bear coat-armor, but is of no value, owing to its universal a umption by those who have no claim whatever to attach it to their names. In England, the word E. is a title of courtesy, added to the names of all those who live in the rank of gentlemen. -v. a. To attend; to wait on; as, to esquire a knight. Esquiros, HENRI ALPHONSE, (es- kwe'ros ,) a French au- thor, B. in Paris, 1814, and chiefly known as a leader of the French Republican party. In 1841 he was sentenced to some months' imprisonment for supporting the opin- ions of Lausennair. In 1850 he was elected as a repre- sentative of the people to the Legislative A embly, and was exiled after the coup d'état , Dec. 2, 1851. He has since lived in England. His principal works are, Les Chants d'un Prisonnier (poems, written in the prison of St. Péiagie), L'His to ire des Montagnards , Les Martyrs de la Liberté , and The English at Home (1862-3); England and English Life (1870); and English Seamen (1868). In 1871 he entered the National A embly. D. 1876. Esqui e, ( es -kes',) n. [Fr.] ( Fine Arts .) The first outline of a picture, or model of a statue. E ay', v. a. [Fr. e ayer; It. a aggiare , to taste, to try, to attempt, from saggiare . See ASSAY.] To try; to endeavor; to attempt. What marvel if I thus e ay to sing?"-Byron. -To make experiment of; to a ay, as metals. Es's ay, n. An attempt; a trial; an endeavor; an effort made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance of anything; as, an e ay in the right direction. ( Lit. ) A composition intended to prove or illustrate some particular subject; a tract; a short treatise or di ertation; as, Macaulay's E ays. [e ays. Es's ayer, E ayist, n. One who writes an e ay or "The husband rails at e enced fops and tawdry courtiers." Add is on. E enes, (es's eenz,) n. [Gr. E enaion, from Chald. âsay a; Heb. asa , to heal.] (Jewish Hist.) A sect which existed among the Jews during the lifetime of Christ. They are not mentioned in the New Testament, but they are described by Joseph us and Philo. The authenticity of the account ascribed to the latter is, however, doubt ful, as a work in his name, De Vita Contemplativa , is proved to have been written by a Christian monk. Ac- cording to Joseph us, the Jews were divided into 3 sects, -the Pharisees, the Sadducees, and the E enes. The Sadducees were e entially a political party, and the E. were those who carried out the views of the Pharisees to an extent which made them ridiculous in the eyes of the party from which they sprung. Levitical purity hemmed them in with so many restrictions that it soon became nece ary for them to live in retired and lonely places. The sect had not a large number of followers, but John the Baptist, and even Christ himself, are considered to have sprung from this division of the Jewish population. They took no part in public affairs, and spent their lives in contemplation. They adopted celibacy, and had no individual property. In matters of belief they held the Scriptures in the highest reverence, interpreting it, how- ever, by an allegorical system of their own; they be- lieved also in the immortality of the soul. Out of Es- senism, in the stage of Sabæism, resulted Islamism, in the full development of whose tenets and practices sev- eral of the principal rites of the E enes are preserved. Es's enism, n. Doctrine of the E enes. E ential, (es-sen's hi-al,) a. [Fr. e entiel, from L. Lat. e ential is, from e entia, e ence.] Relating to, or con- taining, the e ence nece ary to the constitution or ex- istence of a thing; vital; as, e ential to life. -Indispensable; requisite; important in the highest de- gree. Ruhr and the Emscher, 20 m. N.E. of Dü eldorf. Here are the immense coal, iron and gun works of Herr Krupp, giving employment to over 25,000 men. Pop . E ence, (es's ens,) n. [Fr., from Lat. e entia , from sum, e e; Sansk. as , to be.] Being; a being; the nature, substance, or being of anything; formal existence:- sometimes termed nominal e ence. -That which makes anything to be what it is; the pecu- liar nature of a thing; the very substance; existence; as, the e ence of Christianity. - The quality of being; existent person. "As far as gods and heavenly e ences can perish."- Milton . Constituent substance; the predominant qualities or virtues of any plant or drug separated from gro er matter; as, e ence of clove. (Perfumery.) A solution of one or more e ential oils in alcohol, and may be prepared (1) by adding rectified spirit to the odoriferous parts of plants, or to the e en- tial oils, and distilling; or (2) simply by adding the e en- tial oil to the rectified spirit, and agitating till a uniform mixture is obtained. Thus the e ence of lemons is merely a solution of the volatile oil of lemons in rectified spirit. (Phil.) A scholastic term, denoting what the Plato- nists called the idea of a species. The school philoso- phers give two significations of the word e ence : the first denoting the whole e ential perfection of a being, and consequently its entity, with all its intrinsic and nece ary attributes taken together; the second denot- ing the principal or most important attributes of any thing. The e ences of things were held by many to be uncreated, eternal, and immutable. Es's ex, in Ma achusetts, a N.E. county; area , about 500 sq. m. Rivers. Merrimac and Ipswich rivers. Its E. and S.E. borders are washed by the Atlantic ocean and Ma achusetts bay respectively. Surface , broken and rocky; soil , in some parts fertile. Manuf . Shoes, leather, . Capitals . Lawrence, Salem and New bury port. Pop . (1895) 330,393. -A post-town and township of E ex co., about 28 m. N.E. of Boston. Es's ex, in Michigan , a township of Clinton co. -A village of Clinton co., abt. 25 m. N. by W. of Lansing. Es's ex, in New Jersey, a N.E. co.; area , about 127 sq. m. Rivers. Pa aic river and Bound Brook. Its borders are also washed by Newark bay and Staten Island sound. Surface , level; soil , fertile. Cap . Newark. Pop . (1895) 312,000. Es's ex, in New York , a N.E. co.; area , about 1,650 sq. m. Rivers. Au Sable, Boquet, and Scroon rivers, as well as the headwaters of the Hudson. Lake Cham plain is on the E. border. Surface , varied, being level in the E., and mountainous in the W., where Mt. Marcy presents the highest elevation in the State. Soil , generally fertile. Minerals . Iron, limestone, marble, and black lead. The A dir on dack mountains are situated in the N.W. of this co. Magnetic iron ore abounds. Cap. Elizabeth town. Pop . (1890) 33,052. -A post-town and township of E ex co., on Lake Cham plain, about 130 m. N. by E. of Albany. Es's ex, in Ohio, a village of Union co., about 45 m. N.N.W. of Columbus. Es's ex, in Vermont , a N.E. county; area , about 730 sq. m. Rivers. Connecticut, Pa umpsic, Clyde, and Nulhegan rivers. It contains numerous small lakes. Surface , mountainous; soil , not fertile. Cap . Guildhall. Pop . (1890) 9,511. -A post-village and post-town of Chittenden co., about 35 m. N.W. of Montpelier. Es's ex, in Virginia , an E. county; area , about 235 sq. m. Rirers. Rappahannock river. Surface , generally even; soil, fertile. Cap . Tappa han nock. Pop . (1890) 10,047. E 'ington. See PORT ESSINGTON. E ling, a village of Lower Austria, on the left bank of the Danube, 6 m. below Vienna. Between this village and that of Aspern a battle was fought between the French and the Austrians, in which the former were victorious. This victory was dearly paid for, since it cost the life of Marshal Lannes. Marshal Ma ena received the title of Prince of E ling. E lingen, a town of Würtemberg, on the Neckar, 6 m. from Stuttgart. Manuf. Woollens, cottons, lacquered wares, and musical instruments. Pop . 8,711.