Hawksbill

in zodlogy, a name for a species of turtle. Its horny epidermis plates furnish the tortoise-shell of commerce. The animal inhabits the Indian Ocean, the Pacific, and the warmer parts of the Atlantic. _ Hawkweed, a genus of plants. The species are perennial herbs of no popular ‘interest with the exception of the orange hawkweed, a native of the S. of Europe, which on account of its handsome orange flowers is frequently cultivated in gardens. 2 Hawthorne, Julian, an American novelist and journalist, son of Nathaniel; born in- Boston, June 22, 1846 On leaving Harvard University he studied civil engineering in Dresden, but took to authorship. His succe was not rapid, but popular favor has been accorded to his novels. As a journalist he has traveled widely in prosecution of his work, and has written vivid descriptions of some famous trials. - Hawthorne, Nathaniel, an Amerfean novelist; born in Salem, Ma ., July 4, 1804,. He was graduated at Bowdoin in 1825. For a number of years after this he led a retired and studious life in Salem, writing tales, many of which he burned, while others appeared in newspapers and magazines, In 1832 he published anonymously a romance, “ Fanshawe,” and in 1837 his “ Twice-told Tales,” a col- Jection of stories which he had contributed to various American periodicals. In 1839 he received an appointment in the Boston custom house, but lost it in 1841 on a change of government. On quitting this appointment he joined the Brook Farm A ociation, which was founded upon princia similar to those inculcated by ourier, but in le than a year the establishment broke down. In _ 1843 he married and settled in the charming village of Concord, occupying. the old parsonage in whicb Emerson had previously lived, and hence the title of his next work, “ Mo es from an Old Manse” (1846). In 1846 he was appointed surveyor of the port of Salem, and held this post three years. In 1850 was published “The Scarlet Letter,” a romance of early New England life, which was received with the warmest admiration both in America and Europe; and this was followed in 1851 by the no le popular ‘“‘ House of Seven Gables.” In 1853 he was aprenee American consul at Liverpool y his college friend, Franklin Pierce, then President of the United States. This office he held till 1857, when he went to travel on the Continent. His writings display poetic feeling and great descriptive power, a deep knowledge of the human heart,’a pensive melancholy combined with a delicate humor, and a style singularly chaste, elegant, and flowing. He died in Plymouth, N. H., May 18, 1864.