Carrousel (kär-ö-zel'), Place du

[ F.carrousel, a tilt or tilting-match, It. carosello , from garosello, a festival or tournament.] The space extending along the eastern court of the Tuileries, and inclosed by the buildings of the Old and New Louvre. It was originally the space between the eastern façade of the Tuileries and the enceinte of Charles V., which was laid out about 1600 as a garden called the "Parterre de Mademoiselle" in honor of Mademoiselle Montpensier, who then lived in the Tuileries. In the reign of Louis XIV. a great carrousel or tilt, which surpa ed all previous ones, was held here and 1662, and the place was called Place du Carrousel, and has since kept that name. All sorts of knightly games were played by the king, his guests, and courtiers, in costumes of all nations. As late as 1850 the space between the old city fo e and the Louvre was still occupied by streets and houses. When the northern gallery was built between the two palaces (the Old and New Louvre?), under Napoleon III., the entire space was cleared, and is now called Place du Carrousel. Carruthers (ka-rö'therz), Robert. Born at Dumfries, Nov. 5, 1799: died at Inverne , May 26, 1878. A Scottish journalist and man of letters, editor and proprietor of the "Inverne Courier." He was the biographer and editor of Pope, and the compiler, with Robert Chambers, of "Chambers's Cyclopedia of English Literature," etc. Carse of Gowrie. See Gowrie . Carson (kär's on), Christopher, usually called "Kit" Carson. Born in Madison County, Ky., Dec. 24, 1809: died at Fort Lynn, Col., May 23, 1868. An American trapper, guide, soldier, and Indian agent in New Mexico. Carson City. The capital of Nevada, situated in lat. 39° 10' N., long. 119° 46′ W. There are gold and silver-mines in the vicinity. Population (1900), 2,100. Car stares (kär-starz ́), William. Born at Cathcart, near Glasgow, Feb. 11, 1649: died Dec. 28, 1715. A noted Scottish Presbyterian divine. He was chaplain to William, prince of Orange, 1686, royal chaplain 1688-1715, principal of the University of Edinburgh 1703, and four times moderator of the a embly. Cart a gena, or Carthagena (kär-ta-(tha) jēʼnä; Sp. pron. kär-tä-Ha'nä). A seaport in the province of Murcia, Spain, situated on the Mediterranean in lat. 37° 36′ N., long. 0° 56′ W.: the ancient Carthago Nova. There are mines of copper, lead, etc., in the neighborhood. It has a cathedral, and an excellent harbor. It exports barilla. It was colonized by the Cart hag in i ans, and captured by Scipio African us in 209 B. C. It was taken by the British and retaken by Berwick in 1706. It was held by the Intransigentists 1873-74. Population (1897), 86,245. Cart a gena. A seaport city of Colombia, capital of the department of Bolivar, on a low island between the Caribbean Sea and the Bay of Cart a gena. It was founded in 1533 by Pedro de Heredia, and was long the principal port and stronghold of this part of Spanish America. Several times taken and sacked by corsairs, it was fortified in the 18th century at an expense of $59,000,000, and in 1741 resisted the attack of Vernon. It was the first New Granadan city to declare for indepen dence, and in 1815 was taken the Spaniards after a months' siege in which nearly all the garrison and inhabi tants perished: for this it received the title of the "Heroic City. Population (1892), 12,000. Cart a gena de las Indias (kär-tä-Hänä da läs ēn'de-äs). [Sp., 'Cart a gena of the Indies.'] The name used, during the colonial period, for the city of Cart a gena in New Granada, now in Colombia, to distinguish it from Cart a gena in Spain. Cartago (kär-täʼgō). A town in the department of Cauca, Republic of Colombia, in lat. 4° 50′ N., long. 76° 10′ W. Pop. (1897), about 14,000. Cartago. A town in Costa Rica, Central America, situated 13 miles east-southeast of San José. It is frequently visited by earthquakes. Population (1888), 4,575. Cart a phil us. See Wandering Jew . Cartas de Indias (kär'täs, dā ēn'de-äs). A collection of letters from early Spanish explorers, published by the Spanish government at Madrid, 1877. Some of those from Columbus, Vespucci, and others are given in facsimile. Carte (kärt), Thomas. Born at Clifton-up on Dun smoor, War wicks hire, England, April, 1686: died near Abingdon, England, April 2, 1754. An English scholar and historian. He was the author of a "Life of James, Duke of Ormonde" (1736), an important history of England to 1654 (1747-55), etc. He was a strong Jacobite. IMG:content-0319.png:[blocks in formation] parties. Carter (kär'tėr), Elizabeth. Born at Deal, Dec. 16, 1717: died at London, Feb.19, 1806. An Eng- lish poet, translator, and miscellaneous writer. She is best known for her friendship for Dr. Johnson, which lasted for fifty years. Her letters to Mrs. Vesey, Mrs. Montagu, and Mi Catharine Talbot were collected and printed in seven volumes 1809-17. Carter, Franklin. Born at Water bury, Conn.. Sept. 30, 1837. An American educator. He was graduated from Williams College in 1862. From 1865 to 1868 he was profe or of Latin and French at Williams, from 1868 to 1872 of Latin only. From 1872 to 1881 he was profe or of German at Yale College. He was president. of Williams College 1881-1901. Carter, Henry. The original name of Frank Leslie, changed by act of the legislature in 1849. See Leslie , Frank . Carteret (kär'ter-et), Sir George. Born at St. Ouen, Jersey, between 1609-17: died Jan., 1680. An English sailor and royalist politician, a nephew of Sir Philip de Carteret. He became cap- tain in the navy in 1633, and comptroller of the navy in 1639; supported actively the royalist cause, and was appointed by the king lieutenant-governor of Jersey (from which he expelled the Parliamentary governor) and vice-admiral (Dec. 13, 1644); was granted by Charles II. "a certain island and adjacent islets in America in perpetual inheritance, to be called New Jersey"; surrendered Dec. 12, 1651, and went to France and obtained a command in the French navy; was imprisoned in the Bastille Aug.-Dec., 1657; returned to England at the Restoration; was treasurer of the navy 1661-67; and was suspended from the House of Commons for mismanagement of the funds of the navy, Dec. 10, 1669. He was one of the original proprietors of Carolina, and, with Lord Berkeley, was granted the land between the Hudson and the Delaware, named in his honor New Jersey. Carteret, John, Lord. Born April 22, 1690: died at Bath, Jan. 2, 1763. An English states- man, son of the first Baron Carteret. He became Baron Carteret Sept. 22, 1695, and Earl Granville (through the death of his mother) Oct. 18, 1744. He was appointed amba ador extraordinary to Sweden in 1719; mediated a peace between Sweden, Pru ia, and Hanover in 1720; attended as amba ador extraordinary the congre es of Brunswick and Cambray in 1720; was appointed secretary of state for the southern province under Walpole, March 5, 1721; became lord lieutenant of Ireland, April 3, 1724, retiring 1730; was an active opponent of Walpole, moving Feb. 13, 1741, in the House of Lords, that the king be re- quested to remove him from his "presence and counsels for ever"; became secretary of state for the northern province Feb. 12, 1742, under Lord Wilmington; resigned ministry Feb., 1746. Nov. 24, 1744; and attempted unsucce fully to form a Carteret, Philip. Died at Southampton, Eng- land, July 21, 1796. An English rear-admiral and explorer in the southern hemisphere. He was lieutenant of the Dolphin in Byron's expedition, 1764-66; commanded the Swallow in the expedition under Wallis to the southern hemisphere, 1766-69; and discovered Pit- cairn Island (July 2, 1767), Osnaburg, Gower's Island, Simpson's Island, Carteret's Island, Wallis's Island, and others. His "Journal" was published in Hawkesworth's "Voyages" (1773). Carteret, Sir Philip de. Born on the island of Jersey, Feb., 1584: died in Jersey, Aug. 23, 1643. An English royalist, seigneur of St. Ouen, Jersey, and of Sark, and lieutenant-governor of Jersey, which he held for the king until his death. IMG:content-0320.png:[ocr errors] Cartes i us. See Des cartes . Carthage (kär'thāj). [L. Carthago , Phen. Kar thadasht, New Town, as opposed to the mother city Tyre, or to the older colony of Utica (from Phen. atiq , old) which was situated to the northeast, about 17 miles from Carthage.] An ancient city and state in northern Africa, situated on the Mediterranean in lat. 36° 52′ N., long. 10° 18' E., a few miles northeast of modern Tunis, and not far from Utica. It was founded by Phenic i ans in the middle of the 9th century (?). It was a great commercial and colonizing center as early as the 6th century B. C., and was one of the largest cities of antiquity. It had two harbors, a naval and a mercantile. Its treaty with Rome was made in 509 B. C. It was de feated at Himera in Sicily in 480, and overthrew Selinus and other Sicilian cities about 400. It was the rival of Syracuse under Dionysius, Agathocles, etc. At the height of its power it had po e ions in Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, northern Africa, and Spain. Its wars with Rome have the following dates: First Punic War, 264-241; Second Punic 218-201; Third Punic War, 149-146. It was recolo nized as a Roman city by Caius Gracchus and succe fully by August us in 29 (7) B. C.; was taken by the Vandals in 439 A. D.; and was retaken by Belisarius in 533. It was an important center of Latin Christianity. The Saracens arches of an aqueduct, and the Roman Catholic monastery of St. Louis mark the site of the former rival of Rome. See destroyed it about 697. At present some cisterns, broken Punic Wars . Carthage. The capital of Jasper County, southwestern Mi ouri. Near here, July 5, 1861, was fought the battle between the Federals (1,500) under Sigel and the Confederates (3,500-5,000) under Governor Jackson. Population (1900), 9,416. Cartel (kär-tel') Combination. In German Carthagena. See Cart a gena . Cart a gena, Spain. Cartier (kär-tyā'), Sir George Étienne. Born at St. Antoine, Lower Canada, Sept. 6, 1814: died at London, May 20, 1873. A French-Canadian lawyer and politician. He became provin cial secretary in 1855; attorney-general for Lower Canada in 1856; and premier in 1858. He was the author of "O Canada, mon pays, mes amours" and other popular Cartier (kär-tya'), Jacques. Born at St. Malo, France, Dec. 31, 1494: died after 1552. A celebrated French navigator. He made three voyages to Canada. In the first (1534) he explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence; in the second (1535) he sailed up the St. Lawrence to Montreal; and in the third (1541-42) he made an unsucce ful attempt at colonization in Canada. Cartismandua (kär-tis-man'du-ä). A queen of the Brigantes in the time of Claudius. She favored the Romans, and was forced to seek an asylum in their camp. Cartoons of Raphael. Drawings executed in 1515-16, for Leo X., to be reproduced in Flemish tapestry. They were long in Hampton Court Palace, and are now in the South Kensington Museum, London. One of the two sets of tapestries made from them is in the Vatican, the other in the Old Museum, Berlin. The cartoons are seven in number: Christ's Charge to Peter, Death of Ananias, Peter and John Healing the Cripple, Paul and Barnabas at Lystra, Elymas Struck Blind, Paul Preaching at Athens, The Draught of Fishes. In composition and vigor of drawing they are among Raphael's best works. Cartouche (kär-tösh'), Louis Dominique. Born at Paris about 1693: broken on the wheel at Châtelet, France, Nov. 28, 1721. A celebrated Paris i an robber. He was the son of a wine merchant, and was stolen by gipsies, from whom he learned rascality. He established himself in Paris, and after a short period of service in the army formed a famous band of robbers. His history was extremely popular, and was the foundation of various plays. Cartwright (kärt'rīt), Edmund. Born at Marnham, Nottingham, England, April 24, 1743: died at Hastings, England, Oct. 30, 1823. An English clergyman and mechanician, the reputed inventor of the power-loom. He was graduated at University College, Oxford, and became a fellow of Magdalen College in 1764, curate of Brampton, and rector of Goadby Marwood, Leicestershire, in 1799. In 1784, during a visit to Ark wright's cotton-mills at Cromford, the idea of a weaving-machine, according to the account given by him, occurred to him. His first patent was taken out April 4, 1785, and this was followed by others, on improvements, on Oct. 30, 1786, and Aug. 18, 1787. He also patented (1789) wool-carding machine, and (1797) a steam engine in which alcohol was used ind a isted Robert Fulton in his experiments with steam boats. He was the brother of John Cartwright. Cartwright, John. Born at Marnham, Nottingham, England, Sept. 17, 1740: died at London, London, Sept. 23, 1824. An English radical politician and publicist, surnamed "the Father of Reform," an advocate of parliamentary reform and of the abolition of slavery: brother of Edmund Cartwright. He was the author of "A Letter to Edmund Burke, controverting the Principles of American Government laid down in his lately published Speech on American Taxation” (1775), and of other politi- cal pamphlets. Cartwright, Peter. Born in Amherst County, Va., Sept. 1, 1785: died at Pleasant Plains, Ill., of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Sept. 25, 1872. An American circuit preacher Cartwright, Thomas. Born in Hertfordshire, England, 1535: died at Warwick, Dec. 27, 1603. A celebrated English Puritan clergyman, con- trovers i a list, and scholar. Cartwright, Thomas. Born at North amp ton, Sept. 1, 1634: died at Dublin, April 15, 1689. An English prelate, prebendary of Wells and of Durham, dean of Ripon, and (1686) bishop of Chester. Cartwright, William. Born at North way, near Tewkesbury, England, Sept., 1611: died at Oxford, England, Nov. 29, 1643. An English divine and dramatist. He was the son of an innkeeper at Cirencester, a student of Christ Church, Oxford, a member of the Council of War in 1642, and junior proctor of the university in 1643. He wrote "The Ordinary," "The Royal Slave, a Tragi-Comedy," "The Lady-Errant, a Tragi-Comedy," and "The Siege, or Love's