Takilma

See Takelma. shipers. Talant a (tä-län'tä), Channel of. The north rates Eubœa from the mainland of Greece. western portion of the sea pa age which sepaTalaut (tä-lout') Islands, or Salibabo (sä-lebä'bō) Islands. A group of small islands northeast of Celebes and south-southeast of the Philippines, about lat. 4o N., long. 127° E. It Talavera de la Reince of Toledo, Spain, situ (tä-lä-vāʼrädālärāʼē-nä). ated on the Tagus 44 miles west of Toledo: the ancient Tala Briga. It manufactures earthenware, Near it, July 27-28, 1809, the allied English and Spanish army under Wellington and Cuesta defeated the French under King Joseph. Population (1887), 10,497. Talbot (tâl'bot), Catherine. Born in 1720: died 1770. An English writer. She was the lifelong friend of Dr. Johnson, and imitated his manner. She wrote No. 30 of the "Rambler," and was the correspondent of Elizabeth Carter: their letters were published in 1809. She also wrote "Reflections on the Seven Days of the Week" (published after her death, 1770), "E ays" (1772), etc. A collective edition of her works, published by Elizabeth Carter, has gone through many editions. Talbot, Charles, twelfth Earl and first Duke of Shrews bury. Born 1660: died Feb. 1, 1718. An English statesman. He was one of the noblemen who invited the Prince of Orange to England in 1688; was secretary of state 1689-90 and 1694; under Queen Anne was lord chamberlain and amba ador to France; was made lord lieutenant of Ireland in 1713; and as lord high treasurer in 1714 secured the succe ion of the house of Hanover by proclaiming George I. He was created duke of Shrews bury in 1694, but had no succe or in the duke IMG:content-1089.png:[blocks in formation] of course, and she becomes his bride. In these tales we have apparently the germ of Cinder ell a. Edwards, Pharaohs, Fellahs, etc., p. 223. Tale of Two Cities, A. A novel by Charles Dickens. It first appeared serially in "All the Year Round" between April and Nov., 1859. Tales in Verse. A poetical work by Crabbe, published in 1812. Tales of a Grandfather. A collection of historical stories by Sir Walter Scott, published in four series 1827-30. Tales of a Traveler. A work by Washington Irving, published in 1824. Tales of a Wayside Inn. A series of poems by Long fellow, published in 1863. Tales of my Landlord. A collective name for four series of the Waverley novels by Scott. Black series tromprised "The Horta Mid loth i an he Dwarf"; second, of the third, "The Bride of Lammer moor" and "A Legend of Montrose"; and the fourth, "Count Robert of Paris" IMG:content-1090.png:[ocr errors][merged small] Tales of the Crusaders. A collective name for "The Talisman" and "The Betrothed" by Sir Walter Scott. Tales of the Genii. A series of tales published by James Ridley in 1764, under the pseudonym of Sir Charles Morell, as a translation from the Persian of "Horam the Son of Asmar." See Abudah . Tales of the Hall. A work in verse by Crabbe, published in 1819. Tales of the Irish Peasantry. A work by Mrs. Hall, published in 1840. Talfourd (tal'ferd), Sir Thomas Noon. Born at Doxey, near Stafford, England, Jan. 26, 1795: died at Stafford, March 13, 1854. An English jurist, dramatic poet, and miscellaneous writer. As member of Parliament he advocated the International Copyright Bill. In 1849 he became judge of the Court of Common Pleas. His best-known work is the cla ical tragedy "Ion" (produced 1836). His other plays include "A then i an Captive" (1838), "Glencoe" (1840), "The Castilian" (1853). He published also "Life and Letters of Lamb" (1837), "Final Memorials of Charles Lamb" (18491850), travels, a history of Greek literature, etc. Taliesin (tal'i-sin). A Cymric bard said to have lived in the 6th century. He is said to have been the school-fellow of Gildas at Llanveithin in Glam organ, to have been seized by Irish pirates when young, and to have escaped by using his wooden shield for a boat, and floating into the fishing-weir of the son of Urien, who made him his foremost bard. He followed his chief to battle, and sang his victories. The songs are his authen and was buried near Aberystwith. Many of the poems handed down as his are of later origin. The "Romance or Book of Taliesin," included in the "Mabinogion," is not older than the 13th century. Rhys connects him with the sun myth. Also Talie in . Talbot, Lying Dick. A nickname given to Tyrtic poems. It is also said that he died in Cardigans hire, connel. Talbot, Silas. Born at Dighton, Ma ., 1751: died at New York, June 30, 1813. An American naval officer. He served on the Hudson, the Delaware, and near Newport in the Revolution; captured several British prizes; was member of Congre from New York 1793-95; and commanded the Constitution in the war with France. Talbot, William Henry Fox. Born Feb. 11, 1800: died at Laycock Abbey, Wilts hire, Sept. 17, 1877. An English inventor and antiquary, best known from his discoveries in photography. He graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1821. About 1839, contemporaneously with Daguerre, he discovered photography. In 1841 he made known the calotype proce discovered by him. In 1838-39 he published "Hermes, or Cla ical and Antiquarian Researches." He was among the first to decipher the cuneiform inscriptions of Nineveh. In 1846 he published “English Etymologies." Talca (tälkä). 1. A province in Chile, intersected by lat. 35° 30′ S. Area, 3,678 square miles. Population (1894), 162,001.-2. The capital of the province of Talca, situated on Claro 135 miles south-southwest of San tiago. Population (1885), 23,432, Takilman (tä-kil'man). A linguistic stock of Talcahuano (täl-kä-wäʼno). A town and an North American Indians. Its former habitat was important seaport of southern Chile, on In the last section I spoke of the Sun-god in the person of a mythic judge: we have now to discu a Welsh story which makes him a great bard and poet bearing the well known name of Talie in. It is convenient to follow the long-established custom of speaking of certain Welsh poems as Talie in's, and of a manuscript of the 13th century in which they are contained as the Book of Talie in. Those poems represent a school of Welsh bardism, but we know in reality nothing about their authorship; and the personality of Talie in is as mythic as that of Gwydion and Merlin, both of whom have also been treated as the authors of Welsh verse. The name, however, of Talie in, viewed in this light, has an interest far surpa ing even that of Merlin. Rhys, Celtic Heathendom, p. 544. Talisman (tal'is-man), The. A novel by Sir Walter Scott, published in 1825. The scene is laid in Palestine during the reign of Richard I. of England. Talismano (tä-lēz-mä'no), Il. [It., 'The Talisman.'] An opera by Balfe (finished by Mac farren), first produced at London in 1874. The words were English, founded on Scott's "Talisman," and afterward translated into Italian. Tallard (tä-lär'), Duc de (Camille d'Hostun). Born 1652: died 1728. A marshal of France. He defeated the Imperialists at Speyer in 1703; and was totally defeated and taken prisoner at Blenheim in 1704. He was minister of state under Fleury. Talleyrand-Périgord (tal'i-rand; F. pron. täl. ā-ron' pā-rê-g ā-rê-gör'), Charles Maurice de, Prince de Bénévent. Born at Paris, Feb. 13, Paris, Jan. 15, 1763: died there, Oct. 19, 1826. A famous French tragic actor. He was educated in England, and made his début in the Théâtre Français at Paris in 1787. In the small role of Proculus in Voltaire's principal rivers of Tasmania, flowing northward into Ba Strait. Tamaroa. See Illinois . Tamatave (tä-mä-täv'). A seaport on the east- ern coast of Madagascar, in lat. 18° 10′ S., long. 49°28′ E. It is the chief commercial center of the island. Population, 10,000. Tamaulipas (tä-mou-lē'päs). A frontier state of Mexico, bordering on Texas, the Gulf of Mexico, Luis Potosí, and Vera Cruz. Its surface is low in and the states of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, San the east, and diversified in the west. Capital, Ciudad Victo- ria. Area, about 31,500 square miles. Population (1895), 204,206. Talmage (tal'māj), Thomas De Witt. Born Tamaya. See Santa Ana . near Bound Brook, N. J., Jan. 7, 1832: died at Tambelan (täm-bā-län') Islands. A group of Washington, D. C., April 12, 1902. An Amersmall islands west of Borneo and east of Singa- ican Presbyterian clergyman. He was educated at the University of the City of New York and the New Brunswick (New Jersey) Theological Seminary; was pastor Tamber lane. See Tamburlaine . of Reformed Dutch churches at Belleville (New Jersey), Tamberlik (täm-ber-lēk'), Enrico. Born at Syracuse, and Philadelphia; and was pastor of the Central Rome, March 16, 1820: died at Paris, March 15, Presbyterian Church of Washington 1895-99. His church known as the Brooklyn Tabernacle was built 1870, burned 1872, rebuilt 1873-74, burned 1889, again rebuilt on a new Magazine," etc. Among his works are "Crumbs Swept tian at Work," "The Advance," "Frank Leslie's Sunday Up" (1870), "Abominations of Modern Society" (1872), "Around the Tea-Table" (1874), "Mask Torn Off” (1879), “The Brooklyn Tabernacle: a Collection of 104 Sermons" (1884), "The Marriage Ring" (1886), etc. laws and regulations of life explanatory of to the various and varying conditions and the written law of the Pent a teuch as applied circumstances of life, and developed by log i- cal conclusions, analogies, and combination of pa ages. To a le er degree the Talmud contains com- ments on the historical, poetical, and ethical portions of the Scriptures, in a homiletical spirit. This latter part is called Hagada or Agada (from nagad , to say, make known - narrative, tale), while the former, or legislative, part, which comprises all the rules of life, is called Hala- cha (from halach , to go, walk-the path or way of life as ruled and governed by the law). The Talmud may be ex- ternally divided into the Mishnah and Gemara. The re- lati on of one to the other is that of exposition to thesis. The Mishnah gives a simple statement of a law or precept; the Gemara presents the discu ion and debate on it. The authors of the Mishnah are called Tenaim (doctors); they were preceded by the Sopherim (scribes). The activ- ity of the Tenaim began in the time of the Maccabees, and their rules and decisions, nearly 4,000 in number, were codified and arranged according to subjects (see under Mishnah ) by Rabbi Judah I. (patriarch 190-220 A. D.). The authors of the Gemara are called Amoraim (from amar , to say-speakers). The discu ions of the Amoraim in the schools of Palestine(especially in Tiberias) were codified in the 4th century A. D. in the Jerusalem Talmud; the discus- sions of the Amoraim of the schools of Babylonia were cod i- fied in the course of the 5th and 6th centuries A. D. in the Babylonian Talmud. The chief redactors were Rab Ashi, principal of the school of Sora 375-427, and Rabbin a, head of the same academy 473-499. The Mishnah is composed in Hebrew ("post-Biblical,” or “New Hebrew”), the Ge- mara mainly in Aramean. Neither the Jerusalem nor the Babylonian Talmud contains the complete Gemara to the entire Mishnah. But the Babylonian Talmud is about four times as voluminous as that of Jerusalem. The first appearance at Naples in 1841, and in England in 1850, where he sang with succe for twenty-four years. In 1857 he sang in America. His later years were pa ed in Madrid as a manufacturer of arms. Tamboff (täm-bof'). 1. A government of cen- tral Ru ia, surrounded by the governments of Vladimir, Nijni-Novgorod, Penza, Saratoff, Vo- ronezh, Orel, Tula, and Ryazan. The surface is undulating or level. The chief export is corn. Area, 25, 710 square miles. Population (1890), 2,850,800. 2. The capital of the government of Tamboff, situated on the Tsna about lat. 52° 45' Ν. always meant when the Talmud is spoken of without a which joins the Trent northeast of Lich field. qualification. Its 63 tracts are usually printed in 12 folio Tamego (tä-māgō). A river in northern Portu- volumes on 2,947 pages. The Mishnah is besides sepagal and Spain which joins the Douro 20 miles rately printed in 6 volumes, according to its division into east of Oporto. Length, about 90 miles. under the title of Ain Yakob . See Agada , Amoraim, Tamera (tam'e-rä). An ancient name of Lower Talos (tā'los). [Gr. Ταλώς.] 1. In Greek le- Tamer lane. See Timur . gend, an inventor, nephew of Dædal us by whom Tamer lane (tam-er-lān'). A play by Rowe, he was slain. See Dædal us . 2. A man of bra , constructed by Hephæstus for Minos to guard the island of Crete. Tallien, Madame de. See Chimay , Prince e de. Tallis, or Tallys, or Talys (tal'is), Thomas. Born about 1515: died Nov. 23, 1585. An Eng- lish composer, called "the father of English Talus (ta'lus). An iron man, the attendant that was played for any on the ath and cathedral music." He was organist of Waltham Abbey of Artegal: a character in Spenser's "Faerie and later gentleman of the Chapel Royal and music-printer. Queene." Compare Talos , 2. IMG:content-1091.png:[blocks in formation] very numerous and powerful, they are now reduced to a few you sands; some of them are partly civilized, while others, in the interior, retain their independence. The Tamanacs belong to the Carib linguistic stock. The Chay mas of Barcelona (state of Bermudez) are closely related to them. Also written Tamanacks , Tamanaques , etc. Tamanieb (tä-mä-ne-eb'). A village near Sua- kim, Sudan. Near it, March 13, 1884, occurred a battle between the British forces under Graham and the Mah dists under Osman Digma. Tamaqua (ta-ma'kwä). A borough in Schuyl- kill County, Pennsylvania, situated on the Lit- tle Schuylkill River 34 miles north of Reading. It is a coal-mining center. Pop. (1900), 7,267. Tamar (ta'mär). 1. A river on the border of Cornwall and Devons hire, England, which empties into Plymouth Sound above Plymouth. Length, about 50-60 miles.-2. One of the ing of William III. Handel composed the music for a li bretto by Piovene, called Tamerlano: it was produced in in 1724. Tamesis (tam'e-sis). The Latin name of the Tamiahua (tä-me-a'wa), Lake of. A lagoon on the coast of the state of Vera Cruz, Mexico, immediately south of Tampico. Length, nearly 100 miles. Also written Tamiagua . Tamils (tam'ilz). [Also Tamuls : a Tamil name.] A race inhabiting southern India and Ceylon, belonging to the Dravidian stock. The Tamils form the most civilized and energetic of the Dravidian peoples. Tamina (tä me-nä). A small stream in the can- ton of St. Gall, Switzerland, which joins the Rhine near Ragatz: noted for its romantic scenery. Taming of the Shrew, The. A comedy by Shakspere, produced in 1603 and printed in 1623: altered from "The Taming of a Shrew" printed in 1594. The earlier play was not by Shakspere, but by The Century Cyclopedia of Names d 15 Taming of the Shrew, The some one else (Marlowe and Kyd have been suggested) for Pembroke's company in 1588-89. The version altered by Shakspere was by Lodge ( Fleay ). See Katherine and Petruchio , Cobbler of Preston, Rule a Wife and Have a Wife , and The Honeymoon , all of which are more or le based on this play. Tamise (tä-mēz'). A manufacturing town in the province of East Flanders, Belgium, situated on the Schelde 20 miles north-northwest of Bru els. Population (1890), 11,039. Tammany Hall (tam'a-ni hal'). [From the conventional spelling of the name of a sachem of the Delaware Indians who sold land to William Penn. In the aboriginal tongue his name means 'the Affable,' and tradition credits him with being a lover of peace; further than this, the legends and adventures attached to his name are the invention of members of different American societies which held May-day festivals in Maryland and Pennsylvania before and after the Revolution, Revolution, and, and, adop adopting the sa chem as their patron saint, commonly described themselves as "Sons of St. Tammany."] A New York political organization, having its headquarters in Tammany Hall, the property of the "Tammany Society or Columbian Order." The latter was founded in New York city on May 12, 1789, with benevolent and fraternal purposes. In general opposition to the Federalists the Tammany Society became identified with the Republicans (now the Democratic party), and took an active part in the campaign of 1800, which resulted in the choice of Thomas Jefferson for President. In 1805 the society was incorporated. While adhering to its original character as a secret social organization, with a governing council of sachems and a ritual with aboriginal flavor, the Tammany Society in public influence, and in 1811 built the original Tammany Hall at Frankfort street, fronting the City Hall Park. Since then a local political party, favored by a majority of the members of the Tammany Society, has always had its headquarters in the home of the Society, and has been popularly known as "Tammany Hall"---the present hall, erected in 1867, being on 14th street, between Irving Place and Third Avenue. Although in theory the Tammany Hall General Committee has no relation to the Tammany Society save as tenant of the latter's edifice, in practice they are coördinate branches of one political system, the Society being in effect the citadel of the controlling spirits of the Tammany Hall party. Tammany Hall purports to be the regular Democratic organization of the city and county of New York, though that claim has often been contested. By means of a highly organized system of Tammany clubs and a embly-district a ociations, it has usually held a paramount place in city politics. In 1893, Tammany Hall, controlled virtually by one man, was in po e ion of every important office and avenue of public employment pertaining to the municipal administration. It was overthrown 1894, regained power 1897, and was again overthrown 1901. Tammerfors (täm'mer-fors). A manufacturing town in the government of Tavastehus, Finland, 105 miles north-northwest of Helsingfors. Population (1890), 20,489. Tammuz (tam'uz). [Heb.] 1. The fourth ecclesiastical and tenth civil month of the Hebrew year. It corresponds to part of June and part of July.-2. A Syrian deity, the same as the Phenic i an Adon or Adonis, in whose honor a feast was held every year, beginning with the new moon of the month Tammuz. He was identical with the A yro-Babylonian Du'uzu or Dumuzu. Also Thammuz . See Adonis . Tam o' Shanter (tam ō shan'ter). A famous poem by Robert Burns. Tamoyos (tä-mōyōs). [Tupi tamuya , a grandfather or ancestor: hence the ancient.'] A powerful tribe of Indians who at the time of the conquest dominated the Brazilian coast from Cape Frio to Ubatuba (Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo). They were a branch of the great Tupi stock. They repeatedly attacked the Portuguese settlements of São Vicente and Santos, and by their alliance with the maintain their position until 1567. As a tribe they have long been extinct. Tampa (tam'pä). A seaport, capital of Hills borough County, Florida, situated at the mouth of Hills borough River in Tampa Bay, in lat. 27° 57′ N. Population (1900), 15,839. Tampa Bay. An inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, on the western coast of Florida. Length, about 40 miles. ✔ Tampico (täm-pēkō). A seaport in the state of Tamaulipas. Mexico, situated on the Panuco, near the Gulf of Mexico, in lat. (of lighthouse) 22° 16′ N., long. 97° 49′ W. It has important commerce with the United States and Europe. Population (1894), 9,885. Tamraparni (täm-ra-pär'nē). [Skt.: tāmra , dark-red, copper-colored, and parna , leaf: having dark-red leaves, or "copper-leaf, most probably from the color of the soil in the island" ( E. Müller , Pali Grammar, p. 132).] 1. The Sanskrit name of a town in Ceylon, and then of the island: the Greek Taprobane.-2. A river in southern India. Tamsui (täm-sö'ē). A seaport on the northern coast of Formosa, China. It was bombarded by the French Oct. 2-3, 1884; and near it occurred other combats between the French and Chinese in the same month. Tamuz. See Tammuz . Tamworth (tam'werth). A town in Staff ords hire and War wicks hire, England, situated at the junction of the Tame and Anker, 13 miles northeast of Birmingham. It has an ancient castle, which was the principal residence of the kings of Mercia. Formerly a parliamentary borough, it was represented by Sir Robert Peel from 1833 until his death. Population (1891), 6,614. Tamyras (ta-mi'ras), or Damuras (da-mūras). [Gr. Ταμύρας , Δαμούρας.] In ancient geography, a river of Phenic i a, between Sidon and Berytus: the modern Nahr-ed-Damur. Tana-Elv (tä'nä-elf). A river in northern Norway, and on the boundary between Norway and Ru ia, which flows into the Tana-Fjord. Length, about 180 miles. Tana-Fjord. An inlet of the Arctic Ocean, on the extreme northern coast of Norway. Length, about 40 miles. Tanagra (tan'a-grä). In ancient geography, a town of Bœotia, Greece, situated near the Asopus 24 miles north-northwest of Athens. A victory was gained here, in 457 B. C., by the Spartans over the A then i ans and their allies. Its extensive necropolis has made this obscure town famous, for from it came about 1874 the first of the terra-cotta figurines which drew attention to the interest and charm of antiquities of this cla . Such figurines, previously ignored, have since been eagerly sought and found in great quantities, not only at Tanagra, but upon number of sites in all parts of the Greek world. Those from Tanagra, despite ancient animadversions on Bœotian taste, still hold the palm for elegance and artistic quality. Tanaim (tä-nä'im), or Tanaites. [From Aramean ten a , to learn and to teach: 'teachers, doctors.'] The name applied among the Jews to the rabbis or teachers of the law in the Mishnic period (10-220 A.D.); the authors of the Mishnah, as opposed to the Amoraim, the authors of the Gemara. See under Talmud . Tanais (tā nā-is). 1. The ancient name of the Don, Ru ia. 2. An ancient Greek colony near the head of Lake Mæotis, near the site of the modern Azoff, Ru ia. Tan an a rivo (tä-nä-nä-rē'vō), or An tan an a rivo (än-tä-nä-nä-rē'vō). The capital of Madagascar, situated in the interior, about lat. 19° S. It contains the royal palaces and many buildings in the European style. Population, estimated, about 100,000. Tanaquil (tan'a-kwil). In Roman legend, the wife of Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome. Tanaquill (tan'a-kwil). A British prince . Spenser uses the name with reference to Queen Elizabeth in the "Faerie Queene." Tanaro (tä-nä'rō). A river in northwestern Italy: the ancient Tanarus. It rises in the Ligurian Alps, flows past Asti and A le and ria, and empties into the Po 11 miles northeast of A le and ria. Length, about 130 miles. Tancred (tang'kred). Died at Antioch, 1112. One of the chief heroes of the first Crusade, 1096-99. He was the son of Otho the Good and Emma, sister of Robert Guiscard. He joined the crusading army under his cousin, Bohemund of Tarentum, son of Robert Guiscard. He distinguished himself at the taking of Nice and Tarsus, the siege of Antioch, the capture of Jerusalem, and the battle of Ascalon. He became prince of Galilee and later of Ede a. His virtues and achievements are celebrated in Ta o's "Jerusalem Delivered." Tancred. Died 1194. King of Sicily, illegitimate son of Roger, duke of Apulia. He was crowned king 1190, and contended for his throne with Henry VI. of Germany. Tancred and Gismunda. A tragedy originally written in rime by five gentlemen, probably members of the Inner Temple. It was acted there in 1568, and was republished in 1572 by Robert Wilmot, the author of the last act. The edition was put into blank verse. It is remarkable as the oldest English play extant the plot of which is known to be taken from an Italian novel. Tancrède (ton-krād'). A play by Voltaire, produced in 1760. Tancredi (tän-krā dē). An opera by Ro ini, first produced at Venice in 1813 and at London in 1820. Taney (ta'ni), Roger Brooke. Born in Calvert County, Md., March 17, 1777: died at Washington, D. C., Oct. 12, 1864. An American jurist. He became a leading lawyer in Maryland, and a Federalist politician; was made attorney-general of Maryland in 1827; Tannhäuser Tanganyika (tän-gän-yēʻkä), Lake. A lake in eastern central Africa, extending from about lat. 3° 15′ S. to 8° 45' S.: the longest fresh-water lake in the world. Its outlet is the Lukuga, which flows into the Kongo. It was discovered by Burton and Speke in 1858, and has been explored by Living stone, Cameron, Stanley, Thomson, Wi mann, and others. Length, 410 sea-level, 2,680 feet. Tanger. See Tangier . Tangermünde (täng'er-mün-de). Atown in the province of Saxony, Pru ia, situated at the junction of the Tanger with the Elbe, 30 miles northeast of Magdeburg. Population (1890), 7,419.