Chouteau', Auguste

and PIERRE, 2 brothers, founders of the city of ST. LOUIS, MO., 9. υ., 1,764. Templars by Clement V., in 1312, King Dionysius of Portugal preserved the order in his dominions, but changed its title in 1317 to that of The Knights of Christ, or The Ord of Our Lord Jesus Christ. This arrangement was sanctioned by Pope John XXI. or XXII., Castro-Marino to Thomar in 1366. The new order after wards attained such power that King John III. was obliged to obtain an edict from Pope Hadrian VI., 1522, by which the grand-mastership of the order became vested in the kings of Portugal. Christ, (Order of,) n . ( Hist .) A papal order of merit, created (as a branch of the Portuguese order of same name) by Pope John XXII. It consists of only one cla , who wear a star and decoration, as represented in Fig. 595. Christian I., [Dan. Christ i ern, king of Denmark and Norway from 1448 to 1481. CHRISTIAN II., the Cruel, succeeded his father John, 1513. His cruelties and exactions caused bis name to be universally execrated. The nation rallied round Gustavus Vasa, and C. was compelled to sign his own abdication, 1523. He began wandering over Europe in the hope of enlisting partisans to his cause, but was at last taken prisoner, and thrown into confinement, where he D. 1559. CHRISTIAN III., succeeded his father Frederick I., and D. 1559. CHRISTIANIV., succeeded his father Frederick II. in 1588; spent his life in the German wars, and D. 1648. IMG:content-0175.jpg:[graphic] Fig . 595. BADGE OF THE PAPAL ORDER OF CHRIST. CHRISTIAN V., succeeded Frederick III. in 1670, and D. 1699, after a long and fruitle war against Sweden. CHRISTIAN VI., succeeded his father Frederick IV., 1730, and D. 1746. CHRISTIAN VII., succeeded his father Frederick V. in 1766, and in the same year married Caroline Matilda, sister of George III. of England. The di ipations of his early life had enfeebled his energies, and rendered him unfit for government. The management of the state was, in consequence, seized by Count Bernstorff, who had po e ed the entire confidence of the king's father. Bernstorff, however, was soon forced to retreat before Struensee, who exercised unbounded influence over the king and his imprudent young queen. But innovations of a despotic tendency soon drew upon this minister the hatred of the nation. The queen-dowager seeing this, made it an occasion for satisfying her ambitious nature, by attaching herself to the malcontents; and in 1772 she succeeded in persuading the vacillating king to draw up an order of arrest for Struensee and the young queen. Bernstorff was recalled from Hamburg. In 1784, C. being incapacitated by mental disease, his son Frederick VI. came to the head of the government, as joint regent with the queen-mother. C. died 1808. CHRISTIAN VIII., Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and Lauen burg , succeeded Frederick VI. in 1839, as king of Denmark only, and D. 1848, after an unimportant reign of 9 years. CHRISTIAN IX. (of SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN - SONDERBURGGLÜCKSBURG,) B. 1818, succeeded Frederick VII. as king of Denmark, in 1863. His 2d son was, in 1863, elected king of Greece, and his two eldest daughters are married to the heirs-apparent of the crowns of Great Britain and Ru ia. His grandson, Prince Karl, was married to Prince Maud, of Wales, in 1896." Chris'tian, in Arkansas, a township of Independence co. Chris'tian, in Illinois , a S. central co.; area , 675 sq. m. It is bounded on the N. by the Sangamon River; its surface is nearly level, and the soil fertile. Cap . Taylorsville. Chris'tian, in Kentucky , a S.W. co., bordering on Tenne ee; area , 700 sq. m. It is drained by a number of small streams. The surface is undulating. The soil in the level parts is fertile; and the hills contain rich coal and iron mines. The rock underlying the county is cavernous limestone. There are here also several subterranean channels. Cap . Hopkinsville. Chris'tian, in Mi ouri . a S. W. county; area , about 500 sq. m. It is drained by James River, Swan Creek, and smaller streams. The surface is hilly; the soil is generally well timbered, and fertile in the valleys. Iron, copper, and lead are found. Cap . Ozark. Christ i a'na, a river which rises in Ca co., Mich., and flows into the St. Joseph's River at Elkhart in Indiana. Christ i a'na, in Delaware , a hundred of New Castle co. -, or CHRISTIAN A BRIDGE, a post-village of New Castle co, on Christian a Creek, about 10 m. S.W. of Wilmington; рор . 443. Christ i a'na, in Minnesota , a post-village of Dakota co., 30 m. S. of Minneapolis, and 22 N. of Faribault. Christian a, in Pennsylvania , a post-village of Lancaster co., about 20 m. E. by S. of Lancaster. Christian a, in Wisconsin, a post-village and township of Dane co., on Koshkonong Creek, 20 m. S.E. of Madi son. roqua. Christian a Creek, in Delaware , New Castle co, formed about 6 m. W. of Wilmington by the union of 3 small creeks; it flows E., unites with the Brandy wine at Wilmington, and enters Delaware Bay 2 m. below. Christian Æra, n. (Chron.) Same as ANNO DOMINI, Christian Connection, n. (Eccl. Hist.) This de present century, by the union of three sece ions from other churches-the "O'Kelly" sece ion from the Methodist Church in 1793; a sece ion from the Baptist Church in Vermont in 1800; and a sece ion from the Presbyterian Church in Kentucky and Tenne ee, which took place in 1801, and formed the Springfield Presbytery. The General Conference meets every four years. At one of these meetings, where fifty conferences were represented, the following resolution was reiterated: "That the name Christian is the only name of distinction which we take, and by which we, as a denomination, desire to be known, and the Bible our only rule of faith and practice." The government of the convention is congregational. The leading doctrines of the evangelical churches, with baptism by immersion, are generally recognized. They have two colleges-Christian Union College. at Merom, Ind., and Graham College, in North Carolina; academies at Wolf borough, N. H., and Starkey, N. Y., and several periodicals. There were in 1895 1,300 churches and 94,870 communicants, with church property valued at $1.637,202. 9. v. Christiania, a sea-port town, and cap. of the kingdom of Norway, on the Agger, at the head of a very deep gulf or ford , to which it gives name; 162 m. E.S.E. of Bergen, 242 S. by E. of Drontheim, and 255 W. by N. of Stockholm. The town is well laid out, lies in a picturesque situation, and has some fine public buildings. Cis the residence of the Norwegian viceroy, and the seat of the Diet. The Gulf of C. unites with the furthest N. point of the Skager-rack; though in parts narrow, and difficult of navigation, it has deep water throughout, there being 6 to 9 fathoms close to its quays. C. is the seat of a noble university, and has many scientific, educational, and literary institutions. Manf . Woollens, gla , tobacco, hardware, soap, leather, cordage. Prin. Exp. Timber, deals, iron and nails, bones, bark, and salted fish. The deals shipped hence have always been held in the highest estimation, in consequence of the sap being carefully cut away. This city was built by Christian IV, of Denmark, in 1624. Pop . (1891) 150,450.