Johnston, Joseph Eggleston

(February 3, 1807—March 21, 1891), a celebrated Confederate general, was born in Virginia, and graduated at West Point in 1829. He had a long career of service in the old army in the wars with Black Hawk, the Semi noles, as engineer in Scott’s campaign in Mexico, where he distinguished himself at Chapultepec, and finally as quartermaster-general. The Confederate Government appointed him a major-general, and he commanded at the first battle of Bull Run. He had charge of the operations in Virginia down to the middle of McClellan’s Peninsula campaign, when he was severely | | | | wounded at the battle of Fair Oaks, and was replaced by General Lee. | He had meanwhile been raised to the full rank of general, and in 1863 | he was sent to relieve Pemberton before Vicksburg, but failed. In the! following December he succeeded to the command of Bragg’s defeated. army; with this force he was the next year opposed to Sherman in the mountains of northern Georgia, and the skillful maneuvering of these two great masters of strategy has elicited warm praise. President Davis, displeased with Johnston, put Hood in his place; but the next winter the two old antagonists were again pitted against each other in North Carolina, where Johnston surrendered April 26, 1865. Subsequently he was a railroad president and a Congre man from Virginia. He wrote a “‘ Narrative of Military Operations.” Johnston, Mary, see appendix, page 486. Joliet, Lonis (1645-1700), a noted French explorer, was born in Quebec and educated at a Jesuit college. The scope of his explorations was the same as Marquette’s and La Salle’s, the linking together of the great systems of the St. Lawrence lakes and the Mi i ippi. With Marquette he started from Mackinaw, ascended Lake Michigan and descended the Illinois River in 1673 to its mouth in the ‘‘ Father of Waters’’; thence he descended the great river to the present State of Arkansas, and returned to Canada. The chief credit of the exploration, of the Mi i ippi, whether due to Joliet, his distinguished a ociate, or to La Salle, is a controverted question. Jonathan, or Brother Jonathan. The use of this expre ion, to denote the Yankee or American, is said to have sprung from General Washington’s habitual use of it to designate Governor Jonathan Trumbull, of Connecticut, a valued helper in the conduct of the war. Jones, Jacob (1768-1850), entered the U. S. navy in 1799, He was a lieutenant of the ‘‘ Philadelphia’ from 1801 to 1803. In command of the ‘‘Wasp’’ he captured the British brig ‘‘ Frolic” in 18r2. This was one of the first important naval victories of the war. In 1813 he commanded the ‘‘ Maced on i an ”’ in Decatur’s equadron. Jones, Jas. K., see appendix, page 486. Jones, John Paul (July 6, 1747—July 18, 1792), a naval hero, was born in Scotland, and had been engaged in the merchant marine previous to his settlement in Virginia, shortly before the beginning of the Revolutionary War. On the opening of hostilities he volunteered with enthusiasm in the service of his adopted country, was appointed first lieutenant, and made a number of succe ful cruises. In 1777 he sailed to France. From Brest as headquarters he conducted in his ship, the ‘‘ Ranger,’’ a remarkable expedition to the British coasts, for which his old acquaintance with the localities had well fitted him. In St. George’s Channel he took prizes, landed at White haven and terrorized the seaboard for a short time. He captured the British ‘‘ Drake,” and his succe led him in 1779 to start in command of a small fleet against the eastern shore of the island; his own ve el was the ‘‘Bon Homme Richard.” With this fleet he encountered off Scar borough a British convoy and ships of war. One of the fiercest naval fights on record followed between Jones’ ve el and the British ‘‘Serapis’’ on the evening of September 23, 1779. The ‘“Serapis’’ finally struck, but the American ship was completely disabled, and the lo es in the close range struggle were great. Jones received the thanks of Congre and a gold sword from Louis XVI. After the war he was a rear-admiral in the Ru ian navy, and died in Paris. 372