COPENHAGEN

cap. of Denmark (55° 41’ N., 12° 35’ E.), situated on E. shore of Zealand, with suburbs, called Christianshavn, on island of, Amager, connected at two places. The channel between Copenhagen and Slottsholm I. forms a spacious harbor and great naval station, which, with forts to seaward and fortifications with canals for flooding land approaches, renders Copenhagen an important stronghold. Portion of town, cut off by canals, forms Castle I., or Slottsholm, with public buildings including royal palace of Christiansborg, ministry buildings, univ. 1479, royal library, Thorwaldsen Museum. Other important buildings are cathedral, Trinitatiskirke, Rosenborg Castle, built 16045, Charlottenborg Palace, museum, with unrivalled northern antiquities, new town hall, and sculpture museum. The principal public square—where twelve streets meet (statue of Christian V. in center)—constitutes heart of city. The industries are shipbuilding, distilling, sugar refining, brewing, etc.; exports butter, bacon, corn, etc. In 1891-4 part of port was made a ‘free harbor.’ A train ferry connects the city with Malmo in Sweden. Copenhagen started as a fishing village, c. 1043; haven erected by Bishop Absalon, c. 1100 as a refuge from northern pirates; made capital by Christopher II. 1443; partially burned in 1788-94 and 1795; Nelson defeated the Danes here, 1801, and in 1807 Lord Cat heart captured the city and Dan. fleet after four days’ bombardment. Center of Scand in avian culture. Pop. omer; studied at Cracow, Bologna, Padua, and Ferrara; undertook the duties of physician administrator of a diocese and various other political work. At the same time he created a new conception of astron., enunciated in his tium (pub. 1543). His theory that the earth and other planets revolve round the sun, now a truism, at the time gave rise to a keen controversy, especially among the Rom. clergy. town, on Copiapdo, Chile; important mining center. Pop. 9,500.