Indian

(in’di-an), a. andn. [Also in U.S. col- loq. or dial. use Lyin, Injun; = F. Indien = Sp. Pg. It. India no (cf. D. Indiaansch = G. Indianisch = Dan. Sw. Indiansk, a.), ) now, in an extended sense, to the whole race of American Indians or aborigines: as, Indian arrows; an Indian blanket; an Indian name. Then smote the Indian tomahawk On crashing door and shattering lock. Whittier, Pen tucket. Listen to this Jndian Legend, To this Song of Hiawatha! Long fellow, Hiawatha, Prol. 3. Made of maize or Indian corn: as, Indian meal; Indian bread. If I don’t make a johnny-cake every day, Kier says, “Ma, why don’t you make some Jndian bread?” Mrs. Whitcher, Widow Bedott, p. 70. Commi ioner of Indian Affairs, an officer of the Interior Department of the United States government charged. with the management of the Indian tribes and of the transactions of the government with them.—East Indian cork-tree. See cork-tree.—Indian aconite. Same as Nepil aconite (which see, under aconite).— Indian agency. See agency, 4.—Indian apple, the May apple, Podophyllum peltatum.—Indian architecture, the architecture peculiar to India or Hindu stan. It comprehends a great variety of styles, which have been cla ified as the Buddhist styles, as exemplified not only in the Buddhist works within the borders of Hindu stan, but also in those of Burma, Ceylon, Java, China, and Tibet (see Buddhist); the Jain style, developed from preéxisting styles after A.D. 450; the Dravidian or Tamul style of southern India (see Tamul); the Northern Hindu, Indo-Aryan, or Sanskrit style, a cognate style occurring in the valley of the Ganges and its tributaries (see Sanskrit); the Chalukyan style, prevailing in the intermediate region between the last two; the Modern Hindu, Indian-Saracenic, or Mohammedan, comprehending the forms a umed by Indian architecture under the influence of Mohammedan ideas and traditions; and the local developments peculiar to Cashmere and some other districts. No stone architecture existed in India before 250 B. 0. The earliest stone buildings reproduce closely the details and constructive forms of the elaborately framed and decorated wooden architecture previously practised, forms more proper to construction in stone being gradually developed. The buildings of the first five or six centuries of stone architecture are Buddhist. Among the most remarkable of the works of Indian architecture are the rock-cut temples and halls, such as those at Ellora, where series of courts, pillared chambers, porches, cells, and cloisters extend for miles, all excavated from the solid rock, and covered with elaborate carving. Lofty towers and pagodas, and the conical pseudo-domes of the Jains, built in horizontal courses, are also characteristic. A system of horizontal architraves is consistently applied; and many of the piers and columns in the later works display capitals resembling closely those of some medieval styles of Europe. But no regular order appears, like those of the cla ical styles; nor can the development of an arched style be consecutively to decoration ducing ering within. centuries decline cal like, tecture by birthroot, Indian dian the the long. See bread. —Indian club nastic etc.—Indian see, ican See dry, good, ripen Indian Bermuda under dian with territory meaning been except, whose —Indian some the large, alpine Same —Indian os Indian palm, dian Indian light, with builder._Indian ginger, giver, upon an Indian as zelnuts, hemp, can tern2.—Indian dian Indian —Indian mound-builder.— — Indian red).—Indian See plague. Indian dish, Indian traced, in spite of many patent resemblances European art, as in the palace of Madura. The carved is usually exceedingly rich and varied, intro freely human and animal forms, and often cov- Detail of Horse Court, Temple of Madura. piers, arches, and flat surfaces, both without and Sculpture was at its best in the fourth and fifth A. D., but shows the Oriental characteristic of almost from the beginning. Animals and bot an i details are well done; the human figure, though life is conventionalized and not beautiful. Indian arch i has been very thoroughly and intelligently treated native writers.— Indian balm, the purple trillium or a native of North America, See 7'rilliwm.— bark, bay, bean, bee-king, See the nouns.— In berry, Anamirta paniculata, a climbing shrub of natural order Men i sperm a cee, a native of India and Malay islands. It bears panicles of flowers 1 to 14 feet The fruit, when dried, is known as Cocculus Indicus. Cocculus.—Indian blue. Same as indigo.—Indian Seedef.3.—Indian chickweed. See chickweed. chocolate. See Gewm.—Indian club, a heavy shaped somewhat like a large bottle, used in gym exercises to develop the muscles of the arms, chest, copal. Same as white dammar-resin (which under dammar-resin).— Indian corn, a native Amerplant, Zea Mays, otherwise called maize, and its fruit, maize. The Summers [in New England] are commonly hot and there being seldom any Rain, yet aré the Harvests the Indian Corn requiring more heat than wet to it. S. Clarke, Plantations of the English in [America (1670), p. 29. couch-gra , a name sometimes given to the gra , Cynodon Dactyl on. See Bermuda gra , gra .— Indian Councils Act. See cownetl.— In country, a term which has varied in application the changes in Indian occupation of lands within the of the United States. It is now understood as all the country to which the Indian title has not extinguished, whether within a reservation or not, perhaps, the regions occupied by Indians in Alaska, title to the soil, or right of occupancy, is disputed. cre . See cre .— Indian crocus, a name for of the species of the genus Calogyne (Pleione), of Orchidew. They are dwarf epiphytal plants with handsomely colored flowers, and are natives of the regions of northern India.—Indian cucumber. as cucwmber-root.— Indian currant. See currant?. dart or dart-iron, a peculiar harpoon used killing swordfish.—_ Indian drugt, a name for tobacco. ares. His breath compounded of strong English beere And th’ Indian drug would suffer none come neere, John Taylor, Works (1630), elm, the slippery elm, Ulmus fulva.—i Indian fanfig. See the nouns.—Indian file. See jile3. The party.. moved up the pathway in single or Jnfile. Scott, Waverley, xxxviii. fire, a pyrotechnic composition, used as a signal consisting of sulphur, realgar, and niter. It burns a brilliant white flame.—Indian fort, See mound geranium, See geraniun.—Indian Same as wild ginger. See gingerl.—Indian one who takes back agift after having bestowed it another: in allusion to the fact that an Indian expects equivalent for his gift, or its return. [Colloq., U. 8.]— gra . See miliet.—Indian greenfinch. Same yellow jinch (which see, under jinch1).—Indian ha- Same as bonduc-seeds.—Indian heliotrope, indigo. See the nouns.—Indian hen, the A meri bittern, Botawrus mugitans or B. lentiginosus. See bitink. See Jndia ink, under Jndia.—In ipecac, ivy, jalap, lake, etc. See the nouns.— meal, meal made from maize or Indian corn. millet. See millet._Indian mound. See Indian myrobalan. Same as hara-nut. Indian oak, the teak-tree, Tectona grand is. See teak.— ocher. Same as Indian red (which see, under ox, the brahminy bull. Indian physic. Gillenia._Indian pipe, See Indian-pipe.— Indian See plague.— Indian plantain, See Cacalia.— pudding. (a) Same as hasty-pudding, 2. [Rare.] He was making his breakfast from a prodigious earthen filled with milk and Indian pudding. Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 152. 400 ae Indian 3058 (b) A baked, boiled, or steamed pudding made with Indian Mr. Pre scott, in Schoolcraft’s Indian Tribes, also states meal, mola es, and suet, and in New England in former that the North American Zndians do not pray to the Great times almost universally, and still quite extensively, form- Spirit. Sir J. Lubbock, Orig. of Civilization, p. 254. ing a part of the Sunday dinner. East Indian, a native or an inhabitant of the East Indies. The Indian pudding, with its gelatinous softne , ma- — Red Indian, one of the aborigines of America: so called tured by long and patient brooding in the motherly old from the copper color of their skin, Also called red man oven. H. B. Stowe, Minister's Wooing, xvi. and, colloquially, edskin.—West Indian, a native or an inhabitant of the West Indies. Indian red, reed, reservation, rice, etc. See the nouns.