Carter i a (karteʻria)

[NL., named after H. J. Carter of Bombay, who wrote on the natural history of the lac-insect (1861).] A genus of scale-insects, family Coccid a. The East Indian C. lacca is of great commercial value, yielding the lac which is used for making varnishes, sealing-wax, etc. carterly (kär'ter-li), a. [ Aristippus a Philosopher, yet who more courtly? Dio 836 tion God intervenes to cause the corresponding motion of the body. He also taught that brutes are mere machines without consciousne (the Cartes i an automatism ), and that all space is filled with matter, which turns about in vortices, and so produces the motions of the heavenly bodies. Cartes i an coördinates, in geom., the lines introduced (1637) by René Des cartes for defining the pos i tions of points in a plane. Two straight lines, OX and OY, are adopted arbitrarily as axes of coördinates, to which all pos i tions are referred. Their point of intersection, O, is called the origin 0 Y M P of coördinates. From any point, P, whose position is to be defined, a -x line, MP, is drawn parallel to OΥ, and meeting the axis OX in M. The length PM, or the ordinate, and the length OM, or the absci a, being given, the position of P is determined; these lines are called the Cartes i an coördi nates of the point P. The term is sometimes extended to a similar system for three dimensions.- Cartes i an curve. See II., 2.-Cartes i an devil, Cartes i an diver, or bottle imp, a philosophical toy used to illustrate the principle of specific gravity. It consists of a hollow figure, usually in the fancied form of a demon, with a hole at some distance from the top. The figure is filled with air in the upper part and with water in the lower, and floats in a tall gla ve el nearly full of water and covered air-tight with india-rubber or a piece of bladder. When this cover is pre ed down, the air underneath is compre ed, and water enters the figure by the hole so so as as to bring the air within the figure to an equal degree of compre ion. The figure consequently sinks, and does not Cartes i an Diver. rise again until the pre ure is removed. - Cartes i an geometry, geometry treated by means of coördinates; analytical geometry. See Cartes i an coördinates, above. - Cartes i an lens, a lens so shaped that there is no spherical aberration; especially, a concavoconvex lens having one surface spherical and the other ellipsoidal. Such lenses were proposed by Des cartes, but never succe fully executed, and were shown later to be needle .-Cartes i an measure of force, the measure of force as proportional to the velocity, founded on the observation that the same force is required to raise one pound two feet as to raise two pounds one foot. Owing to the confused notions of force of Des cartes and his followers, it is impo ible to say whether the principle as enunciated by them is correct or not; but its errors appear, at any rate, to have been corrected in the final de velopment of the doctrine, though it is now superseded. Cartes i an oval, a curve, the locus of a point whose distances from two fixed points are connected by any given Confocal Cartes i an Ovals. F , F , F ' are the foci; the ovals a and A form one quartic curve, likewise & and B. c and C , d and D ; x is the intermediate circle, y the orthogonal circle. cartilage