VESTA

Rom. godde of the hearth, and akin in attributes to the Gk. Hestia. As fire was symbolical of the permanent above, V. was worshipped as guardian both of the home and the State, and colonists bore with them a portion of the fire of the State hearth. Thus Aineas brought with him from Troy portion of the sacred fire of V. The fire at Rome was tended by a company of maidens—Vestal Virgins—of good birth and pure morality, and of whom absolute virginity was demanded. 16° 32’ E.), town, on Lake Malar, capital, lin of Vest erm an land, Sweden; cathedral and castle; active trade; scene of defeat of Danes by Gustavus Vasa, 1521. Pop. 22,000. robes.. Use of special costume in public worship was part of Jewish religion; but clerical v. of R.C. Church are derived, not from Jewish priestly garments, but from ordinary dre of Rom. citizens during Empire, which the ecclesiastics retained unchanged, notwithstanding changes of fashion in outside world. Thus the dalmatic originated in tunica dalmatic a, worn in Rome in II. cent.; alb, in tunica alba, worn until VI. cent.; and chasuble, in an overdre called the poenula, which in 382 was ordinary dre of senators. By IV. cent. v. were distinguished and kept apart from ordinary clothes; and about that time appeared a special garment for bp’s, which in V. cent. was used by popes and called the pallium, while the stole (orarium) also became a recognized liturgical v. The institution was mainly developed between VI. and IX. cent’s, towards end of which time a pope’s V's consisted of the camisia, amice, daland pallium. Further developments occurred between IX. and XIII. cent’s, when pontifical gloves and shoes, mitres, and the rationale (a kind of pallium by certain Polish and Ger. pishops, worn a jeweled clasp worn on breast) were or introduced. Jn modern R.C. Church a, priest’s v's consist of amice, alb, girdle, stole, maniple, and chasuble. A bp. has, in addition, the tunicle, pontifical gloves and shoes, mitre, staff, pectoral’ cro , ring. Anabp. has a crozier and may and wear a pallium; and the pope wears the dalmatic, a swbcinctorum and the orale (a sort of circular amice, with a hole for the head) in addition to bp.’sv’s, In XVI. cent. most of the Reformers] set aside the v. as well as the ceremonies} of the R.C. Church. The retained the alb, but the Calvinists; dispensed with all v. They were tained by the Swed. Church. In Angtican Church their use has been subject for endle discu ion. Ritualist movement has revived of the R.O. v’s in some places, mvariably without resistance. In the Privy Council declared them be illegal, and in 1874 an Act was to enforce the decision. Many of clergy refused to obey, and the gradually became ineffective. At present time each clergyman uses own discretion.