Pennsylvania

(-sil-va'ne-ah,) a commonwealth constituting one of the principal E. central States of the American Union, is b. N. and N.E. by New York, E.by New Jersey, S. by Maryland, Delaware,and W. Virginia, and W. by Ohio; bet. N. Lat. 39° 40′-420, W. Lon. 740 40′-80° 40. It is separated from New Jersey by the Delaware River and the upper part of Delaware Bay. Average length, 280 m., and breadth 158 m.; area, 46,010 sq. m. Surface mountainous in the centre, being intersected in a direction, S.W. to N.E. by parallel ranges of the Appal a chi an mountain-system, constituting the N. ramifications of the Alleghanics; between these various ridges are fertile valleys drained by the [s. 695]