parasceve (parasev)

[ tion: in allusion to the specific use (def. 2). Why rather, being entering into that presence where I shall wake continually and never sleep more, do I not interpret my continual waking here to be a parasceve and a preparation to that? Donne , Devotions, Works, III. 567. Specifically-2. Friday, the day before the Hebrew sabbath: so named because on that day the Hebrews prepare what is nece ary for the next day; also, what is thus prepared. The name is retained in the Roman Catholic mi al as a term for Good Friday, and is sometimes improperly applied to Thursday of Holy Week, or Maundy Thursday. It was the parasceve , which is the Sabbath-eve. 4283 para schematic (par"a-skē-mat'ik), a. [ The growth of these early themes may have been very luxuriant, and, as Profe or Curtius expre es it, chiefly para schematic. Max Müller , Selected E ays, i. 98. (Encyc. Dict.) [ para secretion (para-se-kre shon), n. παρά, beside, + E. secretion.] "1. In pathol., the production of a secretion of abnormal qual ity.-2. The substance thus secreted. paraselene (para-se-lē'nē), n.; pl. paraselenæ (-nē). [= F. paraselène = Sp. Pg. It. paraselene, parasitic quent parasites of man and domestic animals. Very many of the lower crustaceans are parasites, especially upon fishes, mollusks, etc., and upon one another; while some of the highest crustaceans are modified parasites, or commensals, as the little crabs that live in oyster-shells. Among arachnidans, the whole cla or order of acarids or mites is e entially parasitic, though including many forms which lead an independent life. Insects furnish many of the parasites, especially of terrestrial animals, as vertebrates, and some are parasites of other insects. One order of insects, the Anoplura or lice, is thoroughly parasitic, and other orders furnish parasitic families or genera. Insects and crustaceans both belong to the phylum Arthropod a, and it may be said that as a rule insects furnish the arthropod parasites of land-animals, and crustaceans those of water-animals, or terrestrial and aquatic "lice" respectively. Few mollusks are parasitic, but En to concha mirabilis, a gastropod found in holothurians, is an example. Very few vertebrates are parasites, but hags Paraselenæ. number of ice-crystals floating perpendicularly or vertically; a mock moon. Two or more paraselenæ are generally seen at the same time, together with additional arcs or bands variously arranged. Paraselenæ are entirely analogous to parhelia. See parhelion. paraselenic (par"a-se-len'ik), a. [ paras i no i dal (par"a-si-noi'dal), a. [ They often contain Pac chi on i an bodies. Paras it a (par-a-si'tä), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl., to several different groups whose members are characterized by their parasitism. (a) In Crusta cea, low parasitic forms, as the siphonostomous and related crustaceans, often collectively called also Epizoa, and made a cla or order of that name. Most of them are known as fish -lice. (b) In entom., lice; in Latreille's system, of apterous insects, the third order of in sects, corresponding to the Anoplura of Leach. Also Para sitica. parasital (par'a-si-tal), a. [ He saw this parasital monster fixed upon his entrails, like the vulture on those of the cla ic sufferer in mythological tales. crawl into the intestines of holothurians, and some other fishes exhibit a kind of parasitism. Parasites not constituting any natural division of animals, it follows that, as such, they are not naturally divisible into zoological groups. They are, however, conveniently called entopar a sites or ectoparasites, according as they live in or on their hosts, or Entozoa and Epizoa, upon the same grounds. According to the extent or degree of their parasitism, they are also known as parasites proper and commensals or inquilines (see above). Among the most remarkable parasites are the males of some species which have their own females as hosts, as among cirripeds. Such males are known as complemental males, one or more of which are carried about by the female in her vulva, they being of insignificant size and to all intents and purposes mere male parts of her. The above-mentioned parasites are exclusive of all those many animals which are parasitic upon plants, as gall-insects and the like; and also of those birds which are parasitic to the extent of laying their eggs in other birds' nests, requiring their progeny to be hatched and brought up by foster-parents, as cuckoos and cowbirds. See cuts under Cecrops, Entoniscus, Epizoa, Platy psylla, and Stylops. ( b ) Particularly, an insect which lives either upon or within another insect during its earlier stages, eating and usually destroying its host. Such parasites belong mainly to the Hymenoptera and to the Diptera, but there are a few coleopters and lepid opters to which the name may be applied. See cut under Anti gaster. (c) In bot., a plant which grows upon another plant or upon an animal, and feeds upon its juices. See para sitic, and cut under Cercospora. Fungi have long been divided into two main sections founded on their nutritive adaptation. Those which constitute the first category feed on living organisms, whether plants or animals, and are termed parasites . De Bary, Fungi (trans.), p. 356. 3. In teratol. See auto site. - Autecious parasite, in bot., an organism which goes through the whole course of its development on a single host. - Autoxenous par asite, in bot., same as autæcio us parasite. Facultative parasite. See facultative. - Heterœcio us parasite, in bot., same as metœcio us parasite. - Metecious parasite, bot., an organism which pa es through the different stages of its development on widely different hosts, as some of the Uredineæ. - Metoxenous parasite, in bot., same as metœcio us parasite. - Obligate parasite, in bot., an organism to which a parasitic life is indispensable for the full attainment of its development. =Syn. 1. Parasite, Sycophant. The object of the sycophant is to ingratiate himself with one who is wealthy or powerful, and his means are especially servility and flattery. The parasite gets a maintenance or a more comfortable maintenance by living upon one who is richer; there is no suggestion as to the means employed, but the word is contemptuous as implying a relation of degradation. The derivational idea of sycophant is now quite lost; the secondary use of parasite in connection with plant and animal life now affects the original sense of the relation of human beings. parasitic (par-a-sit'ik), a. [= F. paras it i que = Sp. Pg. parasitico = It. para itico, IMG:content-2328.png:[graphic] nally, one who frequents the tables of the rich and earns his welcome by flattery; hence, a hanger-on; a fawning flatterer; a sycophant. I will despair, and be at enmity With cozening hope; he is a flatterer, A parasite . Shak ., Rich. II., ii. 2. 70. Out stript thus by a parasite ! a slave, Would run on errands, and make legs for crumbs. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 4. Specifically-2. ( a ) In zoöl . , an animal that lives in or on and at the expense of another ani- mal called technically the host ; also, by exten- sion, an animal which lives on or with, but not at the expense of, its host: in the latter sense, more precisely designated inquiline or commensal (see these words). There is scarcely any animal that may not or does not serve as the host of parasites, and some parasites are themselves the hosts of other parasites. (See Mark xv. 42 (Rheims trans.). hyperparasite.) Parasites form no technical group of ani The sacred to well and the holy eure Are ready by, to make the guests all pure; Let go. my Alma; yet, ere we receive, Fit, fit it is we have our Parasceve . Who to that sweet bread unprepar'd doth come, Better he starv'd then but to tast one crumme. Herrick, The Parasceve, or Preparation. mals, since representatives of almost any cla or order, from protozoans to vertebrates may be parasitic. Most of the leading divisions of animals, however, include some members, whether genera, families, orders, or even cla es, whose habit is extensively or exclusively parasitic. Thus, among protozoans, the Gregarinida are parasites. Among worms, many families, some orders, or even cla es, are entirely parasitic, furnishing the most formidable and fre same kind. The parasitic habit in the souls of men. Drummond , Natural Law in the Spiritual World, p. 327. Specifically-2. In zoöl . and bot . , living or growing as a parasite; pertaining to or characteristic of parasites. See cut under Oro banc he . This unnatural sickly-looking plant [bird's-nest orchis] has generally been supposed to be parasitic on the roots of the trees under the shade of which it lives. Darwin, Fertil. of Orchids by Insects, p. 125. In certain states of body, indigenous cells will take on new forms of life, and, by continuing to reproduce their like, give origin to parasitic growths, such as cancer. H. Spencer , Social Statics, p. 491. 3. In philol., attached to a word erroneously or by false analogy: thus, din vulgar drownd, t in margent, etc., are parasitic. - Parasitic bee, in en. tom, one of several genera of true bees which are parasites or inquilines in the nests of other bees. Thus, members of the genus Eperclus (of which E. mercat us is an example) live in the nests of Colletes; of Cœlioxys, in the cells of Mega chile; of Melecta, in the cells of Anthophora; and of Stelis, with Osmia. - Parasitic birds, those birds which lay their eggs in the nests of other birds, as the Old World cuckoos and the New World cowbirds. - Parasitic currents. Same as Foucault currents. IMG:content-2329.png:[blocks in formation] parasitological (par-a-si-to-loj'i-kal), a . [ par- para stem on (par-a-stēmon), n. [NL., Gr. as i to log - y + -ic- al .] "Concerning parasites as παρά , about, + στήμων , the warp of a web (in objects of science; pertaining to parasitology. parasitologist (para-si-tol'ō-jist), n. [ para- sitolog -y+ -ist .] One who studies parasites, or is versed in parasitology. parasitology (para-si-tol'ō-ji), n. [ σιτος , a parasite, + -λογία, λέγειν , speak: see -ology.] The natural history of parasites; the science or study of parasitism. parasol (par'a-sol), n. [F. parasol = Sp. Pg. parasol = D. G. Sw. Dan. parasol , parasole , a parasol, sunshade, parare , guard (see parel ), + sole , sol , sun: see parry and Sol . ] A light umbrella carried by women to shield their faces from the sun's rays; a sunshade. Parasol mush- room, an edible mushroom, Agaric us procerus , having a red-brown obtusely obconic, or at length campanulate, fleshy pileus, from three to seven inches broad. parasol (par'a-sol), v . t .; pret. and pp. parasoled or parasol led , ppr. para soling or parasol ling . [ And if no kindly cloud will parasol me, My very cellular membrane will be changed; I shall be negrofied. IMG:content-2330.png:[blocks in formation] sitic . -ette .] A diminutive parasol. Imp . Dict . parasol-fir (para-sol-fer), n. A Japanese fir- tree, Sciadopitys verticil lat a . parasphenoid (par-a-sfe'noid), n. and a. Gr. παρά , beside, + E. sphenoid.] I. n. 1. A long azygous dagger-shaped membrane-bone base of the skull in Sauropsida , along the course extending in midline lengthwise beneath the of the sphenoid bone proper. It forms part of the so-called rostrum or beak of the skull. 2. A median unpaired bone underlying the skull of amphibians and fishes, articulating with the vomer in front and with several bones behind. IMG:content-2331.png:[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small] This does not appear to be the same bone as that of the same name in the higher vertebrates, and has been ho- mologized by some authors with the true vomer of the lat- ter. See def. 1, and cuts under Lepidosiren and Anura . The anterior half of the parasphenoid is a slender style, widening out where it comes to underlie the brain-case. Geol. Jour., XLV. i. 113. II. a. Lying under or alongside the sphenoid; of or pertaining to the parasphenoid, in either sense; para sphenoidal. para sphenoidal (para-sfē-noi'dal), a . [ para- sphenoid + -al .] Same as parasphenoid . Parasphex (par'a-sfeks), n. [NL., παρά , beside, + σφής , a wasp.] A synonym of Enodia . Parastacidæ (par-as-tas'i-dē), n. pl . [NL., Parastacus + -idæ .] A family of fluviatile craw- fishes in which the first abdominal somite is not append aged, and the apices of the podobranchiæ are not differentiated into a branchial plume and a well-developed lamina. The family belongs to the southern hemisphere, and contains the genera Asta- cops is, Chærops , Engæus , Paranephrops, Parastacus , and As taco ides , thus collectively distinguished from Potamobi parastacine (pa-ras'tā-sin), a. [ Parastacus + -ine1.] Of or pertaining to the Parastacidæ . Huxley . Parastacus (pa-ras'tā-kus), n. [NL. (Huxley, 1878), παρά , beside, + ἀστακός , a crawfish: see Astacus .] The name-giving genus of Pa- rastacidæ. Two species are P. bras i liens is and P. pili man us . parasynthesis (par-a-sin'the-sis), n. Gr. παρασύνθεσις, explained as "the composition of a preposition with a verb beginning with a vowel," παρασύνθετος , formed from a compound: see parasyntheton and synthesis .] The princi- ple of formation of parasyntheta; combined composition and derivation. parasynthetic (par"a-sin-thet'ik), a. and. [ parasynthet -on + -ic.] I. a. Pertaining to parasynthesis or parasyntheta. That species of word-creation commonly designated as parasynthetic. Amer . Jour . Philol ., V. 187. parasynthesis. parasyntheton (par-a-sin'the-ton), n.; pl. para- syntheta (-tä). [NL., παρασύνθετος , formed from a compound, παρά , beside, + σύνθετος, put together: see synthesis .) A word made by a combined proce of derivation and of com- position with a particle; especially, a denomi- native verb involving composition with a pre- fix: for example, demonetize ; French déborder , overflow; Spanish apedrar , pedrar , pelt with stones. parastas (pa-ras'tas), n.; pl. para stades (-ta- dez). [L., παραστάς , a pillar or post at the originality in formation and often in use, entrance of a building, a pilaster. παρίστασθαι , stand beside, παριστάναι , put beside, put aside, παρά , beside, + ἱστάναι , stand.] In arch ., a pilaster; specifically, an anta. The para stades or antæ, which are customary in the Greek temples, and merely fulfilled in them an artistic purpose, have been used here principally for constructive reasons. Schliemann , Troja (trans.), p. 80. para syphilitic (par-a-sif-i-lit'ik), a . παρά, beside, + NL. syphilis : see syphilitic .] Pertaining in an indirect or remote way to syphilis: applied to certain diseased conditions. paratactic (par-a-tak'tik), a. [ tactic .] Of or pertaining to parataxis; characterized by parataxis. H. Sweet. paratactical