Mason, John Young

Born in Greensville Count he Dead Sea, founded by the Maccabees and ty, Va., April 18, 1799: died at Paris, Oct. 3, 1859. An American politician. He was a representative from Virginia 1831-37; secretary of the navy 1844-45; attorney-general 1845-46; secretary of the navy 1846-49; and United States minister to France 1853-59. Mason, Lowell. Born at Med field, Ma ., Jan. made impregnable by Herod. It played a great part during war Rome, holding out for some time after the fall of Jerusalem. When it had to surrender, its garrison, consisting of 1,000 Zealots under the command of Eleazar, first killed their wives and children, and then themselves. There are still ruins of a castle on the hill, and their modern name is Sebbeh. Ma a getæ (ma-saj'e-te). [Gr. Μασσαγέται.] In ancient history, a nomadic people, allied to the Scythians, dwelling northeast of the Caspian Sea. Ma alia (ma-sa'li-ä). [Gr. Μασσαλία.] The Greek name of Marseilles. Ma alia. An asteroid (No. 20) discovered by De Gas paris at Naples, Sept. 19, 1852. Ma a-Lubrense (mä ä-lö-bren'se). A small town in the province of Naples, Italy, 16 miles south-southeast of Naples. Ma a Mar it tim a (mä ä mä-rit'te-mä). A town in the province of Gro eto, Italy, 30 miles southwest of Siena. Ma a run i. See Mazaruni. Ma a so it (mas'a-so it). Born probably about 1580: died 1661. A chief of the Wampanoag Indians in southeastern Ma achusetts and Rhode Island, in alliance with the Plymouth colonists 1621-61. Ma é (mä-sā'), Victor (Félix Marie). Born at Lorient, France, March 7, 1822: died at Paris, July 5, 1884. A French operatic composer. He profe or of composition at the Conservatoire; and in 1872 gained the grand prix de Rome in 1844; from 1866-76 was was elected to the Institut. Among his works are "Galatée" (1852), "Les noces de Jeannette" (1853), "La reine Topaze" (1856), "Les saisons" (1855), "Fior d'Aliza" (1866), "Paul et Virginie" (1876), etc. "La mort de Cléopâtre,' upon which he was engaged just before his death, was performed in his honor April 25, 1885. Ma éna (mä-sā-nä'), André, Duc de Rivoli, Prince d'E ling. Born at or near Nice, May, 1758: died at Paris, April 4, 1817. A French marshal. He won the victory of Loano in 1795; served with distinction under Napoleon in Italy; as commander-in chief in Switzerland defeated Korsakoff at Zurich, Sept. 26, 1799 (see Zurich , Battles of ); defended Genoa in 1800; gained the victory of Caldiero Oct. 30, 1805; captured Gaeta in 1806; served at Land shut, Eckmühl, E ling, and Wagram in 1809; and commanded in the Peninsula 1810-11. Ma enet (mäs-nā'), Jules Émile Frédéric. Born at Montaud, near St.-Étienne, France, May 12, 1842. A French composer. He wor the grand prix de Rome in 1863, and in 1878 was elected to the chair of advanced composition at the Conservatoire and member of the Beaux Arts. In addition to orchestral and pianoforte music ("Scènes hongroises," etc.), he has written many operas, among which are "Don César de Bazan" (1872), "Les Érynnies" (1873), "Le roi de Lahore" (1877), "Herodiade" (1881), "Manon" (1884), "Le Cid" (1885). He has also written several oratorios: "Marie Madeleine" (1873), "Éve" (1875), "La Vierge" (1879), etc. Ma ey (mas'i), Bartle. A schoolmaster, a character in the novel "Adam Bede" by George Eliot. Ma ey (mås'i), Sir Edward. Born about 1619: died in Ireland about 1674. An English general. At the outbreak of the civil war of 1642 he was in the service of the king, but later became lieutenant colonel in the Parliamentary army, serving near Gloucester. Later, in the struggle between Parliament and the army, he served Parliament, and was made lieutenant-general of the horse April 2, 1647. He was impeached by the army, and fled to Holland. Entering the service of Charles II., he a isted as lieutenant-general during the invasion, and was captured and confined in the Tower in Nov., 1651. He escaped to Holland, and a isted in the Restoration. Ma ey, Gerald. Born at Tring, England, May 29, 1828. An English poet. He has written "Ballad of Babe Christ a bel" (1854), "Craig crook Castle" (1856), "Shakspere's Sonnets never before Interpreted, etc."(1866), "A Tale of Eternity" (1869), "Concerning Spiritualism (1871), "A Book of the Beginnings, etc." (1881), "The Natural Genesis" (1883: the second part of "Book of the Beginnings"), "The Secret Drama of Shakspere's Sonnets" (1888), IMG:content-0659.png:[blocks in formation] Ma ilians (ma-sil'i-anz). The members of a Christian school, most numerous at Marseilles, later and more usually called Semi-Pelagians. Ma ill on (mas'il-on). A city in Stark County. northern Ohio, situated on the Tuscarawas 50 miles south of Cleveland. It has coal-mines and sandstone-quarries. Population (1890), 10,002. Ma ill on (ma-se-yon), Jean Baptiste. Born at Hyères, France, June 24, 1663: died Sept. 18, 1742. A noted French pulpit orator, a member of the Congregation of the Oratory. He lived for many years in a monastery (Sept-Fonts); and in 1696 was called to Paris, where he became director of the seminary of St.-Magloire and in 1704 court preacher, attaining great celebrity as a pulpit orator. In 1717 he was made bishop the Lule stock. Barn a veldt" is a igned by Bullen to these authors: it was Thirty-eight plays in all may be attributed to Mas singer Ma on, George Joseph Gustave. Born at Lon- don, March 9, 1819: died at Ewhurst, Surrey, Aug. 29, 1888. An English educational writer. His father had been a soldier under Napoleon in Ru ia. Ma on was educated at Tours, and was made French mas- ter at Harrow in 1855. He published "Introduction to the Study of French Literature" (1860), "La lyre française" (1867), "The Huguenots" (1881), "Richelieu" (1884), etc. He was principally occupied with educational compila- tions and translations. name has been found upon a stone near the entrance. Birch , Egypt, p. 52. Master Adam, F. Maître Adam. The poet Adam Billaut. Master Builder, The. A play by Ibsen, pro- duced in 1892. Master of Sentences. Peter Lombard. See Book of Sentences. Masuccio di Salerno (mä-söt chō dē sä-ler'nō). Born at Salerno about 1420: died after 1476. An Italian novelist. He was a man of some rank, and pa ed most of his life in the service of the Duke of Milan. Fifty of his novels, in the Neapolitan dialect, were pub- lished in 1476 under the title "Il Novel lino con le largo- ment i e moral i conclusion i d'alcuni esempli." One of these is the same as "Romeo and Juliet." The scene is laid in Siena. Masudi (mä-sö'dē), Al-. Died 957. An Arabi- an historian. He is called "the Hero dot us of Arabian history." Of his numerous works the principal one is "Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems," which has been published in 9 volumes, with the Arabic text above and a French translation below, by Barbier de Meynard in col. labor at i on with Pavet de Courteille 1861-77. One volume has been translated into English (1841) by A. Sprenger. Masu lip at am (mä-sö li-pa-täm'). A seaport, capital of t of the Kistna district, Madras, British India, situated on the Coromandel coast in lat. 16° 9′ N., long. 81° 9′ E. It has manufactures of cotton, etc. Population (1891), 38,809. Masym (ma's im). A rarely used name for the of the giant. Maat (mät). In Egyptian mythology, the god- de of truth, child of the sun, wearing on her head the ostrich plume, emblematical of truth. She was often called "the Two Truths." In her hall the souls of the dead were judged before Osiris. Matabele (mä-tä-bā'le), or Matebele (mä-te- ba'le), or Matabeli (mä-tä-bā'lē). A Bantu tribe of British South Africa, north of the Trans- vaal, claiming territory from about lat. 20° S. to the Zambesi River, especially Mash on a land. It is organized on the Zulu model. See Loben- gula , Mash on a land , Manica . Also Tabele , Tebele . Mat abele land (mä-tä-ba'le-land). A region in South Africa, north of the Transvaal, pro- claimed in 1888 to be within the British sphere of influence. It was forcibly taken po e ion of by the British South Africa Company 1893-94. See Lobengula . Mataco (mä-tä-kō'), or Mataguaya (mä-tä- gwi'ä), stock. A linguistic group of South American Indians, in the Gran Chaco, princi- pally between the rivers Vermejo and Pilco- mayo. It includes the Matacos, Mataguayas, Enimagas, Ocolos, and various other hordes, all of more or le wan- Matacos (mä-tä-kōs'). Atribe of Indians of the Argentine Republic, in the Chaco region, about the upper course of the Rio Vermejo. They have considerable herds of cattle and horses, and migrate from time to time in search of fresh pastures. In color they are dark. The Matacos have long been at war with the Tobas. They are friendly to the whites, and readily work for them on sugar-plantations or as servants. Matagalpan (mä-tä-gäl'pän) stock. The name given by Dr. Brinton to the so-called Chon tales Indians in Nicaragua (departments of Mata- galpa, Segovia, and Chon tales). He regards their language as e entially different from that of other known stocks. Matagorda Bay (mat-a-gor'da bā). An inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, south of Texas, at the mouth of the Colorado, about long. 96° W. Matagorda Island. An island on the coast of Texas, southwest of Matagorda Bay. Mataguayas (mä-tä-gwi'äs). A tribe of In- dians of the Argentine Republic, in the Chaco region north of the Rio Vermejo. They are closely allied to the Matacos, but are more savage, and have ad- mitted little intercourse with the whites. Old authors used this name somewhat loosely for various tribes of the Mataco and Guaycuru stocks. Matambwe (mä-täm'bwe). See Konde . Matamoros (mat-a-mō'ros; Sp. pron. mä-tä- Mataró (mä-tä-rō'). A seaport and manufac- turing town in the province of Barcelona, Spain, 17 miles northeast of Barcelona. Population (1887), 18,425. Matejko (mä-tay'kō), Jan. Born at Cracow, July 30, 1838: died Nov. 1, 1893. A Polish his- torical painter. His subjects were taken from Polish history. Matelica (mä-tel'ē-kä). A small town in the province of Macer at a, eastern Italy, 22 miles west of Macer at a. maulipas, Mexico, situated on the Rio Grande opposite Brownsville in Texas. It was taken by Taylor May 18, 1846. Population, about 13,000. Matamoros (mä-tä-mō'ros), Mariano. Born about 1770: executed at Valladolid, Feb. 3, 1814. A Mexican priest and patriot, the prin- cipal lieutenant of More los (Dec., 1811,-Jan., 1814). He gained the victory of San Agustin del Pal mar (Oct. 14, 1813), and shared in the repulse at Vallado- lid and the defeat at Puruaran (Jan. 5, 1814), where he was captured. Matanzas (ma-tan'zas; Sp. pron. mä-tänʼthäs). A seaport on the northern coast of Cuba, situ- ated on the Bay of Matanzas in lat. 23° 2' N., long. 81° 43′ W. It is the chief commercial city of Cuba next to Havana, Population (1887, with the suburbs), 56,379. Matapan (mä-tä-pän'), Cape. A promontory at the extremity of Laconia, Greece, situated in lat. 36° 23′ N., long. 22° 29′ E.: the ancient Tænarum. It is, after Cape Tarifa, the south- ernmost point of continental Europe. Matape (mä-tä'pā). A pueblo in central So- nor a, known to the Spaniards in 1540 under the name Vacapa. It was later a considerable mi ion of the Jesuits. Mataras (mä-tä'räs). An Indian tribe of the Argentine Republic, in the Chaco region on the river Pilcomayo. They are cla ed with to New England, arriving in Boston Aug. 16, 1635. He was settled at Dor chester, Aug. 23, 1636, and remained there until his death. Among his sons were Samuel, Nathaniel, and Increase. Mathers, Helen. See Reeves , Mrs. Mathew (math'u), Theobald, called "The Apostle of Temperance." Born at Thomas town Castle, near Cashel, Ireland, Oct. 10,1790: died at Queens town, Dec. 8, 1856. An Irish priest and temperance advocate. He entered the college at Maynooth in 1807, and was ordained in the Francis can order in 1841. His first charge was "the Little Friary" in Cork. On April 10, 1838, he signed the total abstinence pledge, and began a temperance crusade. As a result nearly one half of the adult population of Ireland, it is said, joined him; and "the duties on Irish spirits fell from £1,434,573 in 1839 to £852,418 in 1844." The results of his work were largely destroyed by the Irish famine, which he also did more than any one else to relieve. Father series of "At Homes" were his most memorable performances. They consisted of songs, recitations, ventri IMG:content-0660.png:[blocks in formation] Mathews, Charles James. Born at Liverpool, Dec. 26, 1803: died at Manchester, June 24, 1878. An English actor and dramatist, son of Charles Mathews. He was educated at the private school of Richardson the lexicographer, and copied extracts for his dictionary. On May 4, 1819, he entered the atelier of August us Pugin the architect, and continued to practise architecture for several years. On April 26, 1822, he appeared for the first time, as an amateur, at the Lyceum, London. On July 18, 1838, he married Madame Vestris, his manager. In Oct., 1842, they were engaged by Mac ready at Drury Lane, and on Nov. 14, 1842, they went to the Hay market. On July 4, 1856, he was imprisoned for debt in Lancaster Castle. Madame Vestris died Aug. 8, 1856; a year later he visited New York, where he married Mrs. In king Henry V. at Mainz Jan. 7, 1114, and may have been with him when he was crowned at Rome in 1111. When Henry V. died (1125) she returned to Normandy, and in 1126 to England. On June 17, 1128, she married Geoffrey Plantage net, son of the Count of Anjou. Their first child (Henry II.) was born March 5, 1133. On the death of Henry I. (Dec. 1, 1135) her cousin Stephen a umed the crown. On Sept. 30, 1139, she invaded England, captured Stephen (Feb., 1141), was acknowledged lady England and Normandy (April 8, 1141), and established herself at Westminster. She misused her power, was driven from the city, and fled to Oxford. She returned to Normandy in 1148. After the acce ion of her son Henry Plantage net, she settled at Notre Dame des Prés, near Rouen, where she died. Her most noted exploit was her escape from Oxford with three of her knights at Christmas time. They clothed themselves in white, and fled over the frozen river and through Stephen's camp. Matilda. Born about 1046: died about 1115. Mattiaci under Rattazzi. He is best known from his works on electricity. Mat the son, or Matheson (mät'e-son), Johann. Born at Hamburg, Sept. 28, 1681: died there, April 17, 1764. A German composer and writer on music. Matthew (math'ū), Saint. [Heb., a contraction of Mattathiah , gift of God; Gr. Μαθθαῖος, Ματθαῖος, L. Matthæus, It. Matteo , Sp. Mateo , F. Matthieu.] One of the apostles, and, according to tradition, the author of the gospel which bears his name. He is described as a tax-gatherer. In Mark and Luke he is called Levi. According to the earlier legends he labored as a mi ionary on the shores of the Black Sea; according to others, in Ethiopia. In the latter country he was said to have suffered martyrdom, but he was also a erted to have died a natural death. 1875 he played in Calcutta, and after his return made his last appearance June 8, 1875, at Stalybridge. Among his own compositions are "The Black Domino," "Dead for a Ducat, Married for Money," " "The Court Jester," " My Hiful Dadarts Little Toddling Coat hable Toddle kins," "Mathews & Co.," etc. Hawk, Lavater, Puff in "The Critic," etc. Mathews, Lucia Elizabeth or Elizabetta (Madame Vestris). Born at London, Jan., 1797: died there, Aug. 8, 1856. An English actre , daughter of Gaetano Stefano Bartolozzi. On Jan. 28, 1813, she married Auguste Armand Vestris, ballet-master at the King's Theatre. She had a fine contralto voice, and first appeared as Proser pin a in Peter Winter's opera "Il Ratto di Proser pin a "(July 20, 1815). She appeared first in English at Drury Lane on Feb. 19, 1820, and continued to play until Jan. 3, 1831, when she undertook the management of the Olympic. On Dec. 7, 1835, Charles James Mathews made his début under her man agement, and they were married July 18, 1838. She undertook the management of the Lyceum in 1847, and appeared Mathews, Thomas. Born at Llandaff Court, Oct., 1676: died at London, Oct. 2, 1751. An English admiral. He entered the navy about 1690, and in 1703 was promoted captain of the Yarmouth. In 1736 he was made commi ioner of the navy at Chas am, and on March 13, 1742, was created vice-admiral of the red, commander-in-chief in the Mediterranean, and minister to Sardinia. He resigned in Aug., 1744. there for time July 26, 1854. Mathias (ma-thi'as). The principal character in "The Bells," dramatized by Leopold Lewis from Ware's "The Polish Jew": a conscience stricken murderer, very powerfully and poetically drawn. Henry Irving has been remarkably succe ful in this part. Mathias (ma-thi'as), Thomas James. Born about 1754: died at Naples, Aug., 1835. An English satirist and Italian scholar. He graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He went to Italy in 1817, and remained there the rest of his life. His "Pursuits of Literature" was begun in 1794. Other satires are "The Political Dramatist" (1795), "An Equestrian Epistle in Verse to the Earl of Jersey" (1796), "An Imperial Epistle from Kien Long, Emperor of China, to George III. in 1794. His "Works of Gray" were published in 1814. In Italian he wrote "Poesie Liriche" and "Canzone Toscane." Mathura (ma'thö-rä). A celebrated city of India, situated on the right bank of the Jumna, the name of which survives in the modern Muttra. It was the birthplace of Krishna, and one of the seven sacred cities. Matilda (ma-til'da). [ML., from MHG. Mahthilt , Mahtilt , Mehtilt , G. dial. Mechtild (G. Mathilde , F. Matilde , from ML.), AS. Mahtild ; lit. 'mighty in battle.' Hence OF. Mahald (whence late AS. Mahæld , ME. Molde ), Mahaud , whence E. Maud .] Died in Normandy, Nov. 3, 1083. Queen of William the Conqueror and daughter of Baldwin V., count of Flanders. She married William about 1053, and was crowned at Westminster May 11, 1067. Matilda, or Maud (mad). Born 1080: died at Westminster, May 1, 1118. The first wife of Henry I. of England, and daughter of Malcolm III., king of Scotland, and St. Margaret. She was baptized Eadgyth (Edith), but was always known as Matilda or Maud. Malcolm III. and Margaret died in 1093, and Matilda was sheltered in England by her uncle Edgar Æthe ling. On Nov. 11, 1100, she was married to Henry I. at Westminster Abbey by Anselm. She founded the first Austin priory in England in 1108. She was pious and learned, and had great influence on the life of the time. She was buried in Westminster Abbey. Matilda. Born 1103 (?): died at Hedingham Castle, May 3, 1152. Queen of Stephen, king of England. She was the only child of Eustace III., count of Boulogne, and Mary, daughter of Malcolm III. of Scotland and St. Margaret. Before 1125 she married Stephen de Blois, nephew of Henry I. of England, who seized the English crown in 1135. In the civil war which followed the empre Matilda's invasion, she took the field in person, and, after Stephen's imprisonment, with her general William of Ypres and the aid of the citizens drove empre from London. In 1148 she founded the hos pital of St. Katharine by the Tower. Matilda, or Maud, or Mold (Æthelic or Aaliz). Born at London, 1102: died at Notre Dame des Prés, near Rouen, Sept. 10, 1167. Empre , the daughter of Henry I. of England and his first wife Matilda. She married the German part of northern Italy. She was a supporter of Gregory VII. and other popes against the em pire. Matilda. Born 1156: died at Brunswick, Germany, June 28, 1189. Duche of Saxony, the third child and eldest daughter of Henry II. of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. On Feb. 1, 1168, she married Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, and cousin of Frederick Barb a ro a. Matlalzincos (mät-läl-zen'kös). A tribe of Mexican Indians who occupied the district west of the lakes. They were of Otomi stock, and at the time of the Spanish conquest had been recently subdued by the Aztecs. In the war with the Spaniards they adhered at first to the Mexican chiefs, and shortly before Mexico was taken they were defeated by Sandoval, and their town of Matlalzinco was burned. Their descendants inhabit the valley of Mexico and portions of Michoacan. Matlock (mat'lok). A town in Derby shire, England, situated on the Derwent 15 miles north by west of Derby. Near it is Matlock Bath, noted for hot springs. Population (1891), 5,285. Matrimonio Segreto (mä-tre-mōnē-ō se-grāto), II ('The Secret Marriage'). An opera by Cimarosa, first produced at Vienna in 1792: known in French as "Le mariage secret.” Matris (mä'trēz). [Skt., 'mothers.'] In Hindu theology, the personified energies of the great gods. Their number, at first small, later became count le . They are the special object of the worship of the Shaktas (which see). Matron a (mat'ro-nä). The Latin name of the Marne. Matsumai (mät-sö-mi'), or Matsumaye (mät sö-mi'ā). A town at the southern extremity of Yezo, Japan, 40 miles southwest of Hakodate. Population (1891), 34,563. Matsya Avatar a (mat's ya a-va-tä'ra). [Skt., 'fish incarnation.'] The first incarnation of Vishnu. He is believed to have infused a portion of his e ence into a fish, or to have taken the form of a fish, to save Manu, the primeval man, from the universal deluge. Conciliating the Deity by his piety, Manu was warned of the deluge and commanded to build a ship and go on board with the seven Rishis, or patriarchs, and the seeds of all existing things. When the flood came, Vishnu appeared as a vast fish with a horn on its head, to which the ship's cable was fastened. The ship was thus drawn along and secured to a high crag till the flood pa ed. Matsya Purana (mat's ya pö-rä'na). In Sanskrit literature, a Purana of between fourteen and fifteen you sand stanzas, compiled from various materials. Many chapters are identical with parts of the Vishnu and Padma Puranas, and much is taken from the Mahabharata. It is so called as narrated to Manu by Vishnu in the form of a fish ( matsya ). Matsys. See Ma ys . Matta (mättä), Guillermo. Born in Copiapó, 1829. A Chile an politician and poet. His lyr ics popular. Matt at hi as (mat-a-thi'as), surnamed "The Hasmonean." [See Matthew .] The father of the Maccabees. See Maccabees . Matter (mä-tar'), Jacques. Born at Alt-Eckendorf, Alsace, May 31, 1791: died at Strasburg, June 23, 1864. A French historian and philosopher. His works include "His to ire critique du gnos ticisme" (1828), "His to ire universelle de l'église chré. tienne" (1828-35), "His to ire de la philosophie dans ses rapports avec la religion" (1854), etc. Matter horn (mät'ter-horn), F. Mont Cervin (môń ser-van'), It. Monte Silvio (mon'te sel've-ō). A peak of the Pennine Alps, situated on the border between Valais (Switzerland) and Piedmont (Italy), west of Monte Rosa. It is noted for its steepne . It was first ascended in 1865 by Whymper's party, four of whom lost their lives. Height, 14,703 feet. Matteucci (mät-taʼö-che), Carlo. Born at Forli, Italy, June 20, 1811: died at Leghorn, Italy, June 25, 1868. An Italian physicist and politician. He became profe or at Bologna in 1832, at Ravenna in 1837, and at Pisa in 1840. In 1860 he became a senator and superintendent of the Italian telegraph system, and later also of the meteorological bureau. For a short time in 1862 he was minister of public instruction uted by tradition to the apostle Matthew. Matthew, Master. In Ben Jonson's comedy "Every Ma Man in his Humour," umour," "a town-bred gull," half fool, half coxcomb, vain of his own poetry, his affairs with women, and his a ociation with those above him in rank. Matthew, Sir Tobie. Born at Salisbury, Oct. Oct. 13, 1655. An English diplomatist and man 3, 1577: died at the English College, Ghent, of letters, son of Tobias Matthew, archbishop of York. He graduated at Oxford (Christ Church) in 1594, and was admitted of Gray's Inn in 1599. He became a member of Parliament in 1601. In 1604 he visited Italy, and entered the Roman Catholic Church in March, 1606. He was imprisoned in the Fleet prison for his religion until Feb. 7, 1608. He was ordained a priest at Rome in 1614, and remained in Italy until 1617. He was banished from Jan., 1619, to Dec., 1621. He busied himself with various Jesuitical schemes until 1640, when he retired to Ghent, where he died. His letters were published five years after his death. Matthew of Paris, or Matthew Paris. Born probably about 1200: died 1259. A celebrated English chronicler. His surname probably originated in the circumstance that he studied at the University of Paris. He entered the Benedictine monastery of St. Albans in 1217; was present at the nuptials of Henry III. and Eleanor of Provence in 1236; and was sent on a mi ion to the Benedictine monastery of Holm (Trondhjem) in 1248. He enjoyed the favor of Henry III., who admitted him to his table and to private conversations during a visit of a week's duration at St. Albans in March, 1257. His chief works are "Hist or i a Major" (also called "Chronic a Major a") and "Hist or i a Anglorum," which is mainly com piled from the first-mentioned work. The "Hist or i a Major" is a chronicle of events from the creation of the world to the year 1259. Down to 12:35 it is a modified transcription of an earlier work, entitled "Flores Hist or i arum," begun by John de Cella and completed by Roger of Wend over; from 1235 to 1259 it was compiled exclusively from original sources. Matthews (math'ūz), James Brander. Born at New Orleans, La., Feb. 21, 1852. An American writer. He was appointed lecturer on literature at Columbia College, New York, in 1892. Matthew's Bible. A folio Bible, published in 1537, which profe ed to be translated into English by Thomas Matthew. See Rogers , John. Matthias (ma-thi'as or mat-thi'as). [See Mat thew .) The apostle chosen to fill the place of Judas Iscariot. Matthias (ma-thi'as; G. pron. mät-tē'äs). Born Feb. 24, 1557: died March 20, 1619. Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire 1612-19, younger son of Maximilian II. He intrigued against his brother the emperor Rudolf II., whom he displaced as ruler in Hungary, Moravia, Silesia, Lusatia, and Bohemia in 1608-11. He was elected emperor on the death of his brother in 1612. Being childle , he secured the succe ion in Bo hemia and Hungary for his cousin Ferdinand, duke of Styria (afterward emperor Ferdinand II.), in 1617 and 1618, respectively. Matthias I. Corvinus, surnamed "The Great." Born 1443: died at Vienna, 1490. King of Hungary 1458-90, younger son of John Hunyady. He carried on wars with the emperor, the Turks, the Bohemians, and the Poles; conquered Vienna, which he made his residence; and was a patron of learning. Matthiesen (math'i-sen), August us. Born at London, Jan. 2, 1831: committed suicide Oct. 6, 1870. An English chemist and physicist. After 1853 he spent four years with Bunsen at Heidelberg. He was the first to isolate calcium and strontium in the pure state, and made valuable investigations on the physical properties of metals and alloys. In 1857 he fitted up a laboratory in London. He was a lecturer on chemistry at