Romonan (rō-mō-nän')

A tribe of Indians for Cost a no an . Rom orant in (rō-mō-ron-tan'). A town in the department of Loir-et-Cher, France, situated on the Grande Sauldre 39 miles south by west of Orléans. It has manufactures of wool. The edict of Rom orant in, i ued in May, 1560, through the influence of L'Hôpital, secured the exclusion of the Inquisition from France. Population (1891), commune, 7,812. Romsdal (roms'däl). A province in Norway, situated along the coast about lat. 62°-63° Ν. Area, 5,785 square miles. Population (1891), 127,806. Romualdo, Saint. Died 1027. The founder of the order of Camaldolesi. Dante placed him in his "Paradiso." The Roman Church celebrates his memory on Feb. 7. Romulus (rom'ū-lus). According to Roman legend, the founder of Rome (753 B. c.), and its first king (753-716): son of Mars and the vestal Rhea Silvia. He was worshiped as a divinity under the name of Quirinus. Romulus, Circus of. See Circus . Romulus August ulus (a-gus tū-lus). Last emperor of the West, son of Orestes. He was proclaimed in 475, and deposed by Odoacer in 476. Ronald shay (ron'ald-sha), North. One of the Orkney Islands, ands, Scotland, in the northeastern part of the group. Ronald shay, South. One of the larger Orkney Islands, in the southern part of the group. Roncal (rōn-käl'). A valley in Navarre, Spain, situated on the southern slope of the Pyrenees, 40 miles east of Pamplona. Roncesvalles (ron-thes-väl'yes), F. Ronce- vaux (rôns-võ'). A place in Navarre, Spain, in the Pyrenees 20 miles northeast of Pamplona. It is notable for the defeat there of the rear-guard of Charles the Great's army, on its return from Spain, by the Basques (or according to tradition by the Moors) in 778. From the death of Roland in the battle, the "Chanson de Roland" is called also "Chanson de Roncevaux." No action of so small importance [as Roncesvalles) has ever been made the theme of so many heroic legends and songs. It is the Thermopylæ of the Pyrenees, with none of the glory or the significance, but all the glamour, of its prototype. Poole , Story of the Moors, p. 38. IMG:content-0990.png:[blocks in formation] northeast of Cologne. Population (1890), 7,470; theatrical director, brother of J. É. C. Roque commune, 11,762. Röntgen (rent'gen), Wilhelm Konrad. Born March 27, 1845. An eminent German scientist. He was educated at Zurich and Utrecht. Since 1870 he has taught at Würzburg, Strasburg, and elsewhere, and in 1888 was made director of the Physical Institute of the University of Würzburg. Profe or at Munich since 1899. His discovery of the X-rays was announced in Dec., 1895. Rood (röd), Black. [ Black and rood , a cro .] A relic brought to Scotland by the wife of Mal- colm Can more, and long held in extreme venera- tion by the Scots. It consisted of a cro of gold, in closing a piece of the true cro , set in an ebony figure of Christ. It was deposited with the regalia in Edinburgh Castle, and carried with them to England by Edward I., and used by him to give increased solemnity to the oaths he ex- acted from the Scottish magnates. All trace of it is now lost. Roodee (rö'dē). A meadow, outside the city of Chester, which is partly surrounded by a Roman wall, the best preserved in England. It has been used as a race-course from the earliest times. The name is derived from the rood or cro which formerly stood here. Rookery (rük'er-i), The. A dense ma of houses which was once the worst part of St. Giles in London. It has been cleared away in the formation of New Oxford street. Rook (ruk) Island, or Rook's Island. An island in the Pacific, east of Papua and west of New Britain, in long. 148° E. Length, 31 miles. Ronda (ron'da). A town in the province of Malaga, southern Spain, situated near the Room. See Rum. Guadiaro 40 miles west of Malaga. It occupies a Room-Elee. See Rumelia . picturesque situation on a lofty and steep rock; has con- Roon (ron), Count Albrecht The odor Emil sider able trade; and is famous for its bull-fights. It was von. Born at Pleushagen, near Kolberg, Prus- IMG:content-0991.png:[blocks in formation] Roques (ro'kes), Los. [Sp., 'the rocks." A group of small uninhabited islands in the Carib- bean Sea, belonging to Venezuela, situated in lat. 11° 56′ N., long. 66° 40′ W. Roquette (rō-ket'), Otto. Born at Krotoschin, Posen, April 19, 1824: died at Darmstadt, March 18, 1896. A German poet and author. He studied history and philosophy at Heidelberg, Berlin, and Halle; was afterward a teacher in Dresden, and after 1862 in Ber- lin; and in 1869 was made profe or of the German language, literature, and history in the school of technology at Darm stadt. He wrote numerous lyrics, dramas, novels, and tales. Among them are "Wald meisters Brautfahrt: ein Rhein-, Wein-, und Wandermärchen" ("Wald meister's Wedding Journey: a Tale of the Rhine, Wine, and Travel," 1851); "Liederbuch" ("Song-Book," 1852: the third edi- tion under the title "Gedichte" ("Poems"), 1880); "Dra- matische Dichtungen" ("Dramatic Writings," 1867-76, 2 vols.); the novels "Im Haus der Väter" ("In the Ances- tral House"), "Das Buchstabirbuch der Lei dens chaft" ("The Spelling-Book of Pa ion," 1878), and "Die Pro- phetenschule" ("The School of the Prophets," 1879). He is also the author of a "Geschichte der deutschen Litte- ratur" ("History of German Literature," 1862), which in the third edition has the title "Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung" ("History of German Poetry," 1879). Roque vaire (rok-var'). A town in the depart- ment of Bouches-du-Rhône, France, situated on the Huveaune 11 miles east-northeast of Mar- seilles. It is noted for its export of raisins. Population (1891), commune, 3,115. Röraas (ré'râs), or Röros (ré'rōs). sia, April 30, 1803: died at Berlin, Feb. 23, 1879. way, situated 61 miles southeast of Trondhjem: A celebrated Pru ian general and statesman. He was minister of war 1859-73, and minister of marine 1861-71. He is especially famous for his succe ful efforts in reorganizing the Pru ian army, th result of which was shown in its rapid mobilization in the wars of 1866 and 1870. He was made general field-marshal and Pru ian premier in 1873, but resigned the latter office in the same year. Roos (rōs), Johann He in rich. Born at Otter- berg, Palatinate, Oct. 27, 1631: died Oct. 3, 1685. A German painter of landscapes and animals. Roos, Joseph. Born about 1728: died 1805. A German painter and etcher, grandson of Johann He in rich Roos. Roos, Philipp Peter: called also Rosa di Ti- vol i. Born at Frankfort, 1657: died at Rome, 1705. A German painter of landscapes and ani- mals, son of Johann He in rich Roos. Roosendal, or Rozendaal (ro'zen-däl). Atown in the province of North Brabant, Netherlands, 27 miles south of Rotter dam. Population (1889), 6,118; commune, 11,197. Roosevelt (ro'ze-velt), Robert Barn well. Born in New York city, Aug. 7, 1829. An American author and politician. He was New York State fish- commi ioner 1867-88; Democratic member of Congre from New York 1871-73; editor of the New York "Citizen"; and United States minister to the Netherlands in 1888. He wrote "Game Fish of North America," "Game Birds of the North," etc. Roosevelt, Theodore. Born at New York, Oct. 27, 1858. An American author and statesman. He was Republican New York State a emblyman 1882–84; unsucce ful candidate for mayor of New York city in 1886; United States civil-service commi ioner 1889–95; president of the New York board of police commi ioners 1895-97; a istant secretary of the navy 1897-98; fought as lieutenant-colonel of the First Volunteer Cavalry (Rough Riders) at Las Guasimas June 24, and San Juan July 1; was appointed colonel July 8, 1898; was elected governor of New York Nov., 1898, and vice-president of the United States 1900; and became president of the United States Sept. 14, 1901, on the death of President McKinley. His works include "History of the Naval War of 1812" (1882), lives of Thomas H. Benton (1887) and Gouverneur Morris (1888), works on western frontier life, hunting, etc. Rorschach (rōr'shäch). A town and watering- place in the canton of St.-Gall, Switzerland, sit- uated on the Lake of Con stance 20 miles south- east of Con stance. It has a large grain trade. Population (1888), 5,863. Rory O'More (rō'ri ō-mōr'). A novel by Samuel Lover, published in 1836. Ros (ros). [LL. Rhos ; Byzantine Gr. 'Pῶς (Gly- cas), ' Ρωσοι .] The Scand in avians, specifically the Swedes, who conquered a part of Ru ia in the 9th century and gave their name to the country itself. Novgorod, in the north, and Kieff, in the south, became centers of Scand in avian power. About 866 A. D. the Ros made incursions southward as far as Constantinople, which they again threatened in 941. They were amalgamated with the Slavs. Better known as Varangians . Rosa (ro'zä), Carl. Born March 22, 1842: died April 30, 1889. A German violinist and mana- ger of opera. After the succe of his wife Parepa-Rosa in opera, he formed an English opera company which con. tinued with succe after her death. He produced nearly 20 operas not previously sung in English. Rosa, Euphrosyne Parepa. See Parepa - Rosa . Rosa, Francisco Martinez del a. See Martinez Root (röt or rut), George Frederick. Born de la Rosa . Aug. 30, 1820: died Aug. 6, 1895. An Amer- ican composer and musical publisher. He was the author of various songs ("There 's Music in the ing," "Battle Cry of Freedom," etc.), cantatas, manu- als, etc. Root and Branch. In English history, the ex- tremists of the Parliamentary party who about 1641 favored the overthrow of episcopacy; also, the policy of these extremists. Root-Diggers. See Diggers . Root-Eaters. See Diggers . Roque fort (rok-for'). A village in the depart- ment of Aveyron, southern France, 33 miles southeast of Rodez. It is celebrated for the manufacture (in its grottoes) of Roque fort coqueplan coqueplan (rok-plon'), Joseph Étienne Ca- mille. Born at Mallemort, Bouches-du-Rhône, France, 1802: died 1855. A French painter. Roque plan, Louis Victor Nestor. Born at Mallemort, France, 1804: died at Paris, April 24, 1870. A French miscellaneous writer and Rosa, Monte. See Monte Rosa. Rosa Rosa (ro'sä), (ro'sä), Salvator. Born at Renella, near Naples, June 20, 1615 (?): died at Rome, March 15, 1673. A painter of the Neapolitan school. He was a pupil of his uncle Paolo Greco and Falcone. He is said to have learned from the banditti of the Abruzzi many incidents which he afterward painted. He went to Rome in 1635, and soon became famous as a painter, mus i- cian, and satirical poet. He sympathized with Masa niello in 1646-47, and is said to have been a member of a Com- pagnia dell a Morte, formed for the waylaying and killing of Spaniards in Naples. His masterpiece is considered to be the "Conspiracy of Cat i line," in the Pitti at Florence. He excelled in battle-pieces. Rosader (ros'a-der). In Lodge's "Rosalynde," the younger brother of Torrismond the Usurper, and lover of Rosalynde. He is the Orlando of "As you Like it." Rosalie Rosalie (roz'a-li), Saint. The patron saint of Palermo, said to have lived near there in the 12th century. - Rosalie Peak (roz'a-li pēk). A peak in the Front Range, Colorado, about 14,340 feet in height. 1 Rosalind (roz'a-lind). 1. A name given to Rosa Daniel, the sister of Samuel Daniel and the wife of John Florio. She was loved by Spenser in her youth, and he complains of her ill usage of him in "The Shepherd's Calendar." In "The Faerie Queene" he again introduces her under the name of Mirabel. 2. The daughter of the exiled duke, in love with Orlando: a character in Shakspere's "As you century: died after 1121. A scholastic theologian, the chief founder of Nominalism: canon at Compiègne. He was condemned by a church council at So is sons in 1092 on account of his teachings regarding the Trinity. Roscher (rōsh'er), Wilhelm. Born at Hannover, Germany, Oct. 21, 1817: died at Leipsic, June 4, 1894. A noted German political economist, profe or at Leipsic from 1848: one of the founders of the historical school of political economy. His works include "System der Volkswirthschaft" ("System of Political Economy," 1854-81), "Geschichte der Nationalökonomik in Deutschland" ("History of Political Economy in Germany," 1874), etc. IMG:content-0992.png:[blocks in formation] part ment of the Mi ouri repelled Price's invasion of Mi ouri in 1864. He resigned from the army in 1867; was United States minister to Mexico 1868-69; was Democratic member of Congre from California 1881-85; and register of the United States treasury 1885-93. He was reappointed brigadier-general and placed on the retired list by a special act of Congre in Feb., 1889. to the play. Rosa line (roz'a-lin). 1. Romeo's former love, a lady mentioned in Shakspere's "Romeo and Juliet."-2. A lady attending on the Prince of France: a character in Shakspere's "Love's Labour's Lost." She "holds her part victorious" in a war of words with Biron whom she loves. Rosalynde, or Euphues' Golden Legacy. A prose by Lodge, first printed in 1590. Shakspere took his "As you Like it" from it. It is the most famous book of the Euphuist school, with the exception of "Euphues" itself. Rosalynde is the niece of the usurper Torrismond, and disguises herself as Ganymede. Rosamond (roz'a-mond). [See Rosamunda . ] An opera by Add is on, produced at Drury Lane in 1707. Rosamunda (rō-za-mun'da), or Rosamond (roz'a-mond). [G. Rosamunde or Rosimund .] Daughter of Cunimond, king of the Gepidæ, and wife of Alboin, king of the Lombards. She is said to have procured the death of her husband (573). See Alboin . Rosario (rō-sä'rē-ō). A city in the province of Santa Fé, Argentine Republic, situated on the Paraná about lat. 33°5′ S. It is an important railway terminus and center for river and foreign trade, was made a port of entry in 1854. Population (1895), 93,584. Rosario. A small town in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, about 35 miles southeast of Mazatlan. Rosas (ro'säs). A seaport in the province of Gerona, Spain, situated on the Gulf of Rosas 82 miles northeast of Barcelona. Population (1887), 2,996. Rosas (ro'säs), Juan Manuel de. Born at Buenos Ayres, March 30, 1793: died near Southampton, England, March 14, 1877. Dictator of. Buenos Ayres. For many years he was a leader of the Gauchos, and Dorrego (1827) made him commander of the rural militia. By the deposition and death of Dorrego (Dec., 1828), Rosas became chief of the federalist party, which aimed at securing the practical independence of the provinces. After some months of fighting, the unitarian chief, Lavalle, resigned, and Rosas was governor of Buenos Ayres Dec., 1829,-Dec., 1832. His succe or, Balcarce, was deposed by a resolution instigated by Rosas's wife; and Rosas was again elected governor with extraordinary powers (March 1835). From this time, succe ive reelections, he governed as an absolute dictator until his fall, and often with tyrannical cruelty. The pre was muzzled, commerce was restricted, and hundreds of his political opponents were driven into exile or a a inated. Some of the provinces formed a loose alliance with Buenos Ayres, and Rosas managed to put his creatures in charge of most of the others: thus, for a time, he practically ruled them all, though nominally he was only governor of Buenos Ayres. One of his great ambitions was to subject Monte video, which had become a refuge for exiles from Buenos Ayres and a center of the unitarian party; to this end he joined with the exiled president, Oribe, who, thus aided, held most of the interior of Uruguay from 1842 to 1851, though the city was never taken. (See Oribe .) Owing to Rosas's persecution of French residents, a French fleet blockaded Buenos Ayres during most of the time from 1838 to 1845. In the latter year France and England interfered to protect Monte video, and their combined fleets attacked and took the intrenched camp of Rosas at Punta de Obligado (Nov. 20), but nothing further came of the matter. The unitarians made many armed attempts to depose Rosas, the most formidable being that commanded by Lavalle (1838-41), but all failed. At length (1851) Brazil interfered to protect the independence of Uruguay, uniting with Urquiza, governor of Entre Rios. They were joined by Corrientes, and later by other provinces. The combined forces, under Urquiza, eventually defeated the army of Rosas at Monte Caseros, near Buenos Ayres (Feb. 3, 1852). Rosas fled to England, where he lived in retirement until his death. Rosbach See Ro bach . Roscellinus (ros-e-li'nus), Roscellin (ros-elan'), Rucelinus (rö-se-li'nus), etc. Born in northern France about the middle of the 11th published in 1761. It is his first published poem, and is a reckle satire on various London actors. It was i ued anonymously, but its succe was so great that Church ill at once acknowledged it. Roscius (rosh'ius), Quintus. Died about 62 B. C. The greatest of Roman comic actors. He was a native of Solonium, near Lanuvium. He was presented by Sulla with a gold ring, the symbol of equestrian rank, and was the instructor and friend of Cicero. Roscius, African, The. Ira Aldridge. Roscius, English, The. David Garrick. Roscoe (ros'kō), Sir Henry Enfield. Born in London, Jan. 7, 1833. A noted English chemist, emeritus profe or of chemistry in Victoria University (Owens College), Manchester. He was chosen member of Parliament for Manchester in 1885 and 1889. His works include "Le ons in Elementary Chem istry" (1866), "Lectures on Spectrum Analysis (1869), "A Treatise on Chemistry" (with Schorl emmer, 1878-89). Roscoe, Thomas. Born at All is ton Hall, near Liverpool, 1791: died at Liverpool, Sept. 24, 1871. An English translator and scholar, son of William Roscoe. He translated "Memoirs of Benvenuto Cell in i" (1822), Sismondi's "Literature of the South of Europe" (1823), Lanzi's "History of Painting in Italy" (1828), etc. Roscoe, William. Born at Liverpool, March 8, 1753: died June 30, 1831. A noted English historian, poet, and miscellaneous author. His chief works are "Life of Lorenzo de' Medici" (1796) and "Life and Pontificate of Leo X." (1805). He also published poems, pamphlets against the slave-trade, etc. Roscoff (ros-kof'). A town in the department of Finistère, France, situated on the English Channel 34 miles northeast of Brest. Population (1891), commune, 4,600. Roscommon (ros-kom'on). 1. A county of Con naught, Ireland. It is bounded by Leitrim on the north and northeast; Long ford, West meath, and King's County on the east; Galway on the south; Galway Mayo the west; and Sligo on the northwest. The surface is level or undulating. Area, 949 square miles. Population (1891), 114,397. 2. The capital of the county of Roscommon, situated 43 miles northeast of Galway. The castle, one of the largest and finest in Ireland, built in 1268, is quadrangular in plan, with round towers at the angles. 2,000. The gate is flanked by towers. The state apartments occupy a building in the inner court. Population, about founded on Hamley's novel "Lady Lee's hood": it was produced in 1863. Rose-Garlands, Feast of. See Feast of Rose Garlands. Rosellini (rō-sel-lēʼnē), Ippolito. Born at Pisa, Italy, 1800: died there, June 4, 1843. An Italian Orientalist and archæologist, a ociate of Cham poll i on in Egypt: profe or of Oriental languages at Pisa from 1824 to 1839, when he became profe or of archæology. He published "I monument i dell' Egitto e dell a Nubia" (1832-40). Roselly de Lorgues (rō-zā-lē' de lorg) (before 1860, Roselly), Antoine François Félix. Born at Gra e, Alps-Mar i times, France, Aug. 11, 1805: died Jan. 2, 1898. A French author, best known for his works in defense of Roman Catholicism and his writings on Columbus. The former include "Le Christ devant le siècle" (1835), "La croix dans les deux mondes" (1844), etc. His works on Columbus are extremely laudatory, and were undertaken with the direct end of securing the beatification of his hero. Among them are "Chris top he Colomb" (1856, 2 vols.), "Chris top he Colomb serviteur de Dieu" (1884), and "His to ire posthume de Chris top he Colomb" (1885). Rosenbusch (ro'zen-bösh), Karl He in rich Ferdinand. Born at Einbeck, June 24, 1836. A noted German geologist. In 1878 he was made profe or at Heidelberg. He has principally devoted himself to microscopic petrography. He edited the "Neuen Yahrbuchs für Miner a logie, Geologie und Paläon to logie" with Klein and Benecke 1879-84. Rosencrantz and Guild ens tern. Characters in Shakspere's "Hamlet." They are old schoolfellows Hamlet, and are sent for by king to spy upon him. They always appear together. Rosendale (ro'zn-dāl). A village near Kingston, New York, noted for its cement. Rosengarten (ro'zen-gär-ten), or Great Rosengarten. A medieval German folk epic (dating in its present form from about 1300). It treats of Diet rich of Bern, Kriemhild of Worms, etc. It was edited by W. Grimm (1836). Rosenheim (rozen-him). A town in Upper Bavaria, Bavaria, situated on the Inn 31 miles Rosenkranz (rozen-kränts), Johann Karl southeast of Munich. Population (1890), 10,090. Fried rich. Born at Magdeburg, Pru ia, April 23, 1805: died at Königsberg, Pru ia, June 14, 1879. A German Hegelian philosopher and historian of literature, profe or at Königsberg 1833-49. He wrote "Geschichte der deutschen Poesie im Mit tel alter" ("History of German Poetry in the Middle Ages," 1830), "Handbuch einer allgemeinen Geschichte der Poesie" ("Manual of a Universal History of Poetry," 1832-33), "Encyklopädie der theolog is chen Wi enschaften" ("Encyclopedia of the Theological Sciences," 1831), "Kritische Erläuterungen des He gels chen Systems" ("Critical Illustrations of the Hegelian System," 1840), "Studien" (1839-44), "Psycho logie" (1837), "Goethe und seine Rose (roz), George. Born in 1830: died at London, Nov. 13, 1882. An English humorous writer under the pseudonym Arthur Sketchley. He was the author of several plays, but is better known as the author of the "Mrs. Brown Lectures," written in the character of a "garrulous cockney woman, based probably on Mrs. Gamp." In 1867 he visited America and gave these lectures, but they were not very succe ful. Rose (ro'ze), Gustav. Born at Berlin, March 28, 1798: died there, July 15, 1873. A German mineralogist, profe or of mineralogy at Berlin Werke" (1847), "Die Padagogik als System" ("Pedagogy from 1826. He published “Elemente der Krystallographie" (1833), etc. Rose, He in rich. Born at Berlin, Aug. 6, 1795: died Jan. 27, 1864. A German chemist, brother of Gustav Rose: profe or of chemistry at Berlin from 1823. His chief work is a "Handbuch der analytischen Chemie” (“Manual of Analytical Chemistry," 1829). Rose (roz), The. 1. A playhouse opened by Henslowe on the Bankside, South wark, London, about 1592.-2. An ordinary in Ru ell street, Covent Garden, London, near the theaters, and much frequented about 1667. Roseau (ro-zō'). The capital of the island of Dominica, British West Indies, situated on the southwestern coast. Population, about 5,000. Rosebery, Earl of. See Primrose , A. P. Rose crans (ro'ze-kranz), William Starke. Born at Kingston, Ohio, Sept. 6, 1819: died at Rose crans, near Los Angeles, Cal., March 11, 1898. An American general. He graduated at West Point in 1842, but resigned his commi ion in the army in 1854 after attaining the rank of first lieutenant. Hevolun teered as aide to General George B. McClellan (then in command of the Department of the Ohio) at the beginning of the Civil War, and soon received a commi ion as brigadier general in the regular army. He gained the battle of Rich Mountain in July, 1861; was appointed commander of the Department of the Ohio in the same month; gained the as a System," 1848), "Wis sens chaft der log is chen Idee" (1858-59), life of Diderot (1866), of Hegel (1844), "Neue Studien" (1875-77), etc. With F. W. Schubert he edited Kant's works (1838-40: with a "History of the Kantian Philosophy"). Rosenlaui (rõʼzen-lou-wi) Glacier. One of the most noted Alpine glaciers, situated in the can- ton of Bern, Switzerland, 11 miles east by south of Interlaken. Rosenmüller(rõʻzen-mül-ler), Ernst Fried rich Karl. Born at He berg, near Hild burg hausen, Germany, Dec. 10, 1768: died Sept. 17, 1835. A German Orientalist and Protestant theologian, son of J. G. Rosenmüller: profe or at Leipsic from 1795. Among his works are scholia to the Old Testament, "Handbuch der biblischen Altertumskunde" (1823-31), etc. Rosenmüller, Johann Georg. Born at Ummerstadt, near Hild burg hausen, Germany, Dec. 18, 1736: died at Leipsic, March 14, 1815. A German Protestant theologian and popular religious writer, profe or of theology and superintendent at Leipsic from 1785. Rosenthal (rō'zen-täl), Moritz. Born at Lem- berg, Dec. 18, 1862. A noted German pianist. He was a pupil of Liszt, and is noted for his brilliant technic. Roses, Wars of the. See Wars of the Roses . Rosetta (ro-zet'tä), Ar. Rashid (rä-shed'). A battle of Carnifex Ferry in Sept., 1861; took part in the town in the Delta of Egypt, situated near the Rosetta mouth of the Rosetta arm of the Nile, 35 miles east-northeast of Alexandria. Population (1897), 14,414. Rosetta Branch. The westernmost of the two chief branches into which the Nile divides to form the Delta. It separates from the Damietta branch a few miles north-northwest of Cairo. Rosetta Stone. The name given to a stone now in the British Museum, originally found by French soldiers who were digging near the Rosetta mouth of the Nile. It is a piece of black basalt, and contains part of three equivalent inscriptions, the first or highest in hieroglyphics, the second in demotic characters, and the third in Greek. According to these the stone was erected in honor of Ptolemy Epiphanes, March 27, B. C. 196. This stone is famous as having furnished to Young and Cham poll i on the first key for the interpretation of Egyptian hieroglyphics. In its present broken condition it measures 3 feet 9 inches in height, 2 feet 4 inches in width, and 11 inches in thickne . Rosheim (roz'him'). A town in Lower Alsace, Alsace-Lorraine, situated 15 miles southwest of Strasburg. It was once a free imperial city. Population (1890), 3,264. Rosier (rō'zher), James. Born in Norfolk, England, about 1575: died in the middle of the 17th century. An English explorer. He accompanied Way mouth in his voyage to Maine and the Penobscot in 1605, and described the voyage in his "True Relation." Rosinante (roz-i-nan′tē). Don Quixote's charger, all skin and bone. "He next proceeded to inspect his hack, which, with more quarters than a real and more blemishes than the steed of Gonela that tantum pell is et o a fuit , surpa ed in his eyes the Bucephalos of Alexan and the of the Cid." Rocinante . Rosine (ro-zēn'). The ward of Doctor Bartholo in Beau march a is's comedy "The Barber of Seville." He seeks to marry her, but through the adroitne of Figaro she is married to Count Almaviva. Rosini (rō-sēnē), Giovanni. Born at Lucignano, Italy, June 24,1776: died at Pisa, May 16, 1855. An Italian poet and writer of histori cal novels. Roslin (ros'lin). A village in Mid loth i an, Scotland, situated about 7 miles south of Edinburgh. The notable chapel here was built in 1446 as the choir of a projected collegiate church. The nave consists of five bays, and, especially in its comparatively plain exterior, with beautiful arches and flying buttre es, presents the appearance of being much older than it is. The interior is sculptured with foliage and arabesque ornament much undercut. Rosmini (ros-mē'nē), Carlo de'. Born at Roveredo, Tyrol, Oct. 29, 1758: died at Milan, June 9, 1827. An Italian historian and biographer. His chief work is "Storia di Milano" ("History of Milan," 1820). Rosmini-Serbati (ros-me'ne-ser-bä'te), Antonio. Born at Roveredo, Tyrol, March 25, 1797: died at Stresa, near Lago Maggiore, July 1, 1855. A noted philosopher, founder of the religious order of the Brothers of Charity. Among his numerous works is "Nuovo saggio sull' origine delle idee" ("New E ay on the Origin of Ideas," 1830). Rosmunda (roz-mun'da). A tragedy by Al fier i, published in 1783. Ristori was celebrated in the part of Rosmunda. Rosny (rō-ne'), Léon de. Born at Loos, Nord, France, Aug. 5, 1837. A French Orientalist and ethnographer, author of various works on the Chinese, Japanese, and Corean languages, and on the antiquities of Central America and Yucatan. Ro (ros), or Ro -shire (ros's hir). A northern county in Scotland. The mainland portion is bounded by Sutherland and Dornoch Firth on the north, Moray Firth on the east, Inverne on the south, and the Atlantic on the west and northwest, and includes various detached portions of Cromarty. Ro -shire comprises also the northern part of Lewis and other islands of the Hebri des. The surface is generally mountainous.. It is connected politically with Cromarty. United area of Ro and Cromarty, 3,078 square miles; population (1891), 78,727. Ro . A town in the county of Here ford shire, England, situated on the Wye 15 miles west by north of Gloucester. It has a noted church (with the tomb of John Kyrle, the "Man of Ro "). Population (1891), 3,575. Ro , or Ro e, Alexander. Born at Aberdeen, 1590: died 1654. A Scottish clergyman who became chaplain to Charles I. and master of the Southampton free school. Among his works is "A View of all the Religions in the World" (1652), IMG:content-0993.png:[ocr errors] which Butler refers in the couplet in "Hudibras": "There was an ancient sage philosopher, Who had read Alexander Ro over." to Ro , Alexander. Born in Aberdeen shire, 1699: died at Lochlee, For far shire, May 20, 1784. A Scottish schoolmaster and poet. He wrote "Helenore, or the Fortunate Shepherde " (1768: a narrative poem), and a number of songs (“Wooed an' Married an'a'," etc.) and other poetical pieces, in the rural dialect of Aberdeen shire. Ro , Alexander. Born in Nairnshire, Scotland, May 9, 1783: died in Colony Gardens (now in Winnipeg, Manitoba), Red River Settle ment, British North America, Oct. 23, 1856. A British fur-trader and pioneer in British Amer ica. He wrote "Adventures of the First Settlers on the Oregon or Columbia River" (1849), "Fur-Hunters of the Far West" (1855), "The Red River Settlement" (1856). Ro , Alexander Milton. Born at Belleville, Ontario, Canada, Dec. 13, 1832: died at Detroit, Mich., Oct. 27, 1897. A Canadian naturalist and botanist, noted for his collections of Canadian fauna and flora. Ro , Mrs. (Elizabeth (Betsy) Griscom). Born at Philadelphia, Jan. 1, 1752: died there, Jan. 30, 1836. An American woman, who, at the suggestion of Washington, made the first American flag, adopted by Congre June 14, 1777. The house, 239 Arch Street, Philadelphia, in which the flag was made is now the property of the American Flag House and Betsy Ro Memorial A ociation. Ro , Sir James Clark. Born at London, April 15, 1800: died at Aylesbury, England, April 3, 1862. A British navigator and arctic explorer. He served with his uncle, Sir John Ro , and with Parry in their arctic expeditions; commanded the expedition of the Erebus and Terror to the antarctic regions 1839-43, dis. covering Victoria Land and penetrating to lat. 78° 10' S., the furthest point ever yet reached in the antarctic regions; and commanded the Enterprise in search of Sir John Franklin in 1848. He published "Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions 1839 1843" (1847). To Sir James Clark Ro is generally given the credit for the discovery of the north magnetic pole. Ro , Sir John. Born at Inch, Wig towns hire, Scotland, June 24, 1777: died at London, Aug. 30, 1856. A British admiral and arctic explorer. pa age 1818 and 1829-33, and one in search erstest Franklin 1850-51. He published "A Voyage of Discovery" (1819). "Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a North He commanded expeditions in search of the northwest Ro ini of Pienza. In this little town Bernardo built a palace, a cathedral, and a city hall. He also made the beautiful monument to Leonardo Bruni (Aretino) in Santa Croce (1444), generally considered to be the finest monument of the Quattrocento, and a typical specimen of the style of the time. Two of his works are a bust of St. John, in Florence, and an excellent portrait-bust of Battista Sforza, Ro etti (ros-set'tē), Christina Georgina. Born Dec. 5, 1830: died Dec. 29, 1894. An English poet, sister of D. G. Ro etti. She contributed to "The Germ" as Ellen Alleyn, and wrote "Goblin Market" (1862), "The Prince's Progre " (1866), "Sing-Song, a Nursery Rhyme Book" (1871), "A Pageant and Other Poems (1881), "Time Flies," etc. (1885), and a number of religious works on the Benedicite, the minor festivals, etc. Ro etti, Dante Gabriel (Gabriel Charles Dante). Born at London, May 12, 1828: died at Birching ton, England, April 9, 1882. An English poet and painter, son of Gabriele Ro etti. He became noted as one of the leading Prera. phaelites (see Pre raphae lite Brotherhood ), and one of the chief romantic and sensuous poets of modern English literature. He was educated at King's College school, entered Madox Brown's studio. Among his chief paint. about 1846 entered the Royal Academy. In 1847 he ings are "Found," "Girlhood of the Virgin" (1849), "The Annunciation," "Ecce Ancilla Domini" (1850: in the Na tional Gallery), "Boat of Love," "Lady Lilith" (1864), "Sibylla Palm if era" (1866), “Dante's Dream"(1870), "Pros. erpina" (1874), "La Pia" (1881), etc. He wrote transla tions from Italian poets (1861), and published "Poems" (1870), including "The Ble ed Damozel," "My Sister's Sleep, and other poems reprinted from "The Germ" (1850), and "Ballads and Sonnets" (1881), including his series of one hundred sonnets called "The House of Life." Ro etti, Gabriele. Born at Vasto, kingdom of Naples, March 1, 1783: died at London, April 26,1854. An Italian poet and commentator on Dante: father of Dante Gabriel Ro etti. He fled to Malta in 1821 and to England in 1824, and was made profe or of Italian at King's College, London, in 1826. He is best known from his patriotic poems at the time of the revolution of 1820. west Pa age" (1835), etc. Ro , John. Born in Georgia about 1790: died at Washington, D. C., Aug. 1, 1866. A Chero- kee half-breed. He became Cherokee chief 1828; pro-o et, sided with the Confederates 1861. Ro , Man of. See Kyrle , John. Ro , New. See New Ro . Ro , Robert. Born at Ro Trevor, Devons hire, England, 1770: killed at North Point, Md., Sept. 12, 1814. A British general. He served in the wars against France; defeated the Americans at Bladensburg, Aug., 1814; and burned Washington. Ro and Cromarty. See Ro . brother of Dante Gabriel Ro etti. He wrote a translation of Dante's "Inferno" (1865), "Poems and Ballads" (1866), "Life of Shelley" (1869); edited the poetical works of S. T. Cole ridge (1871), Milton (1871), Campbell (1872), William Blake (1874), Shakspere's works with glo ary (1880); and wrote a "Life of Keats" (1877). Ro i (ros'sē), Ernes to. Born at Leghorn, Italy, 1829: died at Pescara, June 4, 1896. An Italian actor and dramatist. He early became noted in the plays of Alfieri and Shakspere. He went to Paris Cosenza, southern Italy, situated on a spur of Mount Sila, near the Gulf of Taranto, 27 miles northeast of Cosenza. It has marble and alabaster quarries, and is the seat of an archbishop. It belonged to the Byzantine empire in the early middle ages. Popula tion (1881), 16,224. Ro bach (ros'bäch), in F. sometimes Rosbach. A village in the province of Saxony, Pru ia, 9 miles southwest of Merseburg. Here, Nov. 5, 1757, the Pru ians (22,000) under Frederick the Great defeated the united armies of the French under Sou and the Imperialists under the Prince of Saxe-Hild burg hausen (total 43,000). Lo of the Pru ians, about 500; of the Allies, 1,700 killed and 7,000 prisoners. Ro berg (ros'berg). A mountain on the borders of the cantons of Schwyz and Zug, Switzerland, 12 miles east by north of Lucerne. A landslide from it buried the village of Goldau in 1806. Height, 5,195 feet. Ro brunn (ros' brön). A village in Lower Franc on i a, Bavaria, about 8 miles west of Würzburg. Here, July 26, 1866, the Pru ians defeated the Bavarians. Ro dorf (ros'dorf). A village in Saxe-Me in in gen, Germany, 12 miles northwest of Me in in gen. It was the scene of a battle between the Pru ians was called Italian Talma." He played with much succe in all the principal cities of Europe, and retired from the stage in 1889. Among his plays are "Adèle" (written for Ristori), “Les hyènes," "La prière d'un sold at," "Consorzio parent ale," etc. He also wrote dramatic studies and personal reminiscences (1887-90). Ro i, Giovanni Battista de. Born Feb. 23, 1822: died Sept. 20, 1894. An Italian archæologist. He is best known from his discoveries in the Roman catacombs, published in "In script i ones christianæ urb is Romæ septimo sæculo anti qui ores" (1857-61) and "Roma sot terrane a christian a" (1864-77). He also published other important works on Roman art and antiquities. Ro i, Count Pellegrino. Born at Carrara, Italy, July 13, 1787: a a inated at Rome, Nov. 15, 1848. An Italian politician, jurist, and economist. He lived in exile after 1815. In 1816 he settled at Geneva, became profe or of Roman and penal law at the academy (1819), and played a prominent part in Swi politics. In 1833 he went to France and became (1834) profe or of political economy at the Collège de France, and later of constitutional law at the Law School. He was made a peer in 1839, and was in the service of the French government under Guizot 1840-45. He was appointed French amba ador at Rome in 1845, and became papal premier in Sept., 1848. He wrote "Traité de droit pénal" (1829), "Cours d'économie politique" (1840-54), etc. Ro ignol (ros-sen-yōl'), Lake. A lake in the southwestern part of Nova Scotia, 17 miles north of Liverpool. Its outlet is the Mersey. Length, 12 miles. Ro ini (ros-sēnē), Gioachino Antonio. Born at Pesaro, Italy, Feb. 29, 1792: died at Paris, Nov. 13, 1868. A celebrated Italian operatic composer. He was of humble birth, and was early ap prenticed to a smith. He began to take regular le ons in music, and played the horn in a theater at Bologna when he was about 13. In 1807 he entered a cla in counter. point at the Liceo, and a little later studied the viol on and Bavarians July 4, 1866. cello. In 1808 a cantata by him was performed in public, and before 1823 he had written twenty operas, most of them after 1815, at which time he became director of the San Carlo and Del Fondo theaters at Naples. In 1821 he mar ried Isabella Colbran and went to Vienna (1822), where he had much succe in spite of opposition. He visited London in 1823, where he was warmly received, and soon went to Paris, where he was made director of the Théâtre It alien for 18 months. Here he brought out a number of his operas as well as Meyer beer's "Croci a to. He was re tained in the king's service, and in 1829 produced "Guillaume Tell," his greatest work. He retired in 1836 to Bologna, and devoted himself to the encouragement of the Liceo. In 1842 his "Stabat Mater" was first given com. plete. In 1847 he went to Florence, and in 1855 to Paris, where at his villa at Pa y he was the center of a brilliant circle till his death. Toward the end of his life he wrote little but pianoforte music. His operas include "Tancredi" (1813), "Elisabetta" (1815), "II Barbiere di Siviglia" (1816), an important port with extensive quays; has large foreign and domestic trade; and is the terminus of several foreign steamship lines. It is sometimes called "the Manchester of France" on account of its cotton manufactures. It has also manufactures of woolen goods, machinery, etc. The cathedral is one of the most impre ive existing. The wide front ranges in date from the Romanesque to the Flamboyant. The Florid south tower (Tour de Beurre) is notable. The transepts po e fine rose-windows and admirable sculpture in profusion about their rich gabled portals. The central spire, of iron, 500 feet high, replaces an old one destroyed by lightning. The arches of the nave are subdivided into 2 tiers below the triforium-gallery; the choir is remarkable for its lightne ; and there are admirable Renai ance tombs of the Duc de Brézé Ro ini "Otello" (1816), "La Cenerentola" (1817), "La Gazza Ladra" (1817), "Armida (1817), "La Donna del Lago" (1819), "Maometto Secondo" (1820), "Zelmira" (1821), "Semiramide" (1823), and "Guillaume Tell" (1829). He also wrote "Mosè in Egitto" (1818: an oratorio), "Stabat Mater" (1842), and "Me e Solennelle" (1864) etc Ro iter (ros'i-ter), Thomas Pritchard. Born at New Haven, Conn., 1817: died at Cold Spring, N. Y., May 17, 1871. An American historical painter. He began the practice of his profe ion in 1838, and in 1840-41 studied at London and Paris, and from 1841 to 1846 at Rome. He was elected national academician in 1849. Ro mä ler (ros'mās-ler), Emil Adolf. Born at Leipsic, March 3, 1806: died there, April 8, 1867. A German naturalist and popular writer. His chief work is "Ikonographie der europäischen Landund Sü wa ermollusken" ("Iconography of European Land and Fresh-water Mollusks," 1835-56).