Calash

[Fr. calèche Pol. kolaska, from kolo, a wheel.] A small low-wheeled carriage or chariot, employed for taking exercise in parks, gardens, . It is generally provided with a hood or covering, which can be raised or drawn down at the pleasure of the ocсиpant, so as to make it either a close or an open carriage. "Daniel, a sprightly swain, that us'd to flash The vig'rous steeds, that drew his lord's calash ."-King. -A hood or covering of a carriage movable at pleas ure. -A sort of stiffened hood for protecting a lady's headdre . Calaspar'ra, a town of Spain, prov. Murcia, 40 m. N.W. of Murcia city; pop. 5,886. Calatabello'ta, or CALTABELLOTA, a town of Sicily, Val di Girgenti, on the summit of a high mountain, near to, and overlooking, the river of the same name, 10 m. N.E. of Sciacса; рор . 6,186. Calatafimi, a town of Sicily, Val di Napani, 8 m. S.W. of Alcamo. This is an ugly, ill-built place, but situate in a fine country. Pop . 10,536. claimed, and plenary indulgences were granted to all who should be found at the defence of the city. The Moors, alarmed at the report of these preparations, abandoned the enterprise, and Velasquez, in his turn, made several incursions into their territo ries. Upon this, the king confirm ed the grant, with new donations. The order was IMG:content-0011.jpg:[graphic] then regularly or- RED CROSS OF KNIGHTS OF CALATRAVA. ganized into two cla es, one for the service of the choir, and the other for the field; but the knights, on the death of Raymond, separated themselves from the monks, and chose a grandmaster distinct from the abbot, who returned with his monks to Fietero. The knights subsequently acquired great fame and riches in their contests with the Moors; but having sustained serious reverses, and quarrelling among themselves, the Pope adjudged the grand-mastership in perpetuity to the crown of Spain. The order has lost most of its po e ions, and, at present, is little more than an order of rank. The robe of the order is a white mantle, with a red cro cut out in the form of lilies, on the left breast. Calaveras, in California , a N. central co., with an area of about 1,000 sq. m. It derives its name from Calaveras River, running centrally through it, is bordered by Amador co. on the N.W., by Alpine on the N.E., by Tuolumne on the S.E., and by Stanislaus and San Joaquin cos. on the S.W. The Mokelumne River separates it temperature be raised, the carbonic acid escapes, leaving behind a crystalline deposit of carbonate of lime. In nature, enormous crystalline concretions of this kind are formed by water charged with carbonic acid, percolating calcar eons strata. - Stalactites are formed by water charged with carbonic acid and carbonate of lime dripping from the roof of a cavern, and leaving behind a portion of carbonate of lime before it drops. When it falls on the floor of the cavern, another deposition of calcareous matter takes place, forming a stalagmite, which gradually rises to meet the stalactite above it; in this way a natural pillar is formed. Most spring-water contains carbonate of lime held in solution, which is deposited on the sides of the ve el when the carbonic acid is expelled by heat. In steam-boilers this becomes a great inconvenience, and is obviated by adding sal ammoniac to the water. Chloride of calcium is formed, which remains di olved, while the carbonate of ammonia is volatilized with the steam. Water containing carbonate of lime in solution, or hard water , as it is popularly termed, is therefore softened by means of boiling. Hard water precipitates soap as stearate and marg a rate of lime , forming the well-known curdy precipitate. Until the whole of the lime is thrown down, no lather can be formed; hard water is, therefore, very economical for washing purposes. Cal'casieu, in Louisiana , a river rising in the W. part of the State, and flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, after a-course of 250 m. Not navigable. -A S.W. parish, bounded on W. by the Sabine River, on S.E. by the Mermenteau, and intersected by Calcasieu River. Area , 5,500 sq. m. Surface, undulating, interspersed with savannas and plains. Soil , fertile near the streams. Pop . (1897) abt. 25,000. Cap . St. Charles. Cal'casieu Lake, in Louisiana, in the above parish, is an expansion of Calcasieu River; length, 18 m.; breadth, 6 m.