Edmund

Population (1891), 16,630. Bosjesman .] An African race. See Hottentot , Khoikhoin , and Pygmies. The Bushmen are also called San , and Th. Hahn proposes this name for all the Bushmen, as Khoikhoin is applied to the Hottentots. The San language is evidently a sister branch of the Khoikhoin, but poorer and le regular in grammatic forms, while richer in clicks. The dialects diverge considerably. The Bushmen are known by different names, according to the Bantu tribes on whose skirts they live. Thus the Ama-Xosa call them Aba - tua ; the Ba-suto, Ba - rua . Ba - tua , Ba - kua , Ba- tshua , is the name most generally given to the Pyg- mies and Bushmen from Galla-land to the Cape, and would, it seems, be the best name for the whole race. Owing to the fact that the Pygmies and Bushmen also speak the dialects of their Bantu neighbors, most of the Pygmy vocabularies given by travelers are Bantu. The principal Bushmen tribes are the Ba-Bumantsu in Ba- sutoland; the Ba-Lala in Bechuanaland; the Ma-Denas- san a, serfs of the Ba-Mangwato, of Chuana stock; the Ma-Sarwa in the Kalahari desert; the Ba-Kankala in the Kunene valley; and the Ba-Kasekele northeast of them. It is not yet settled whether the Ba-Kuise, Ba-Kuando, and Ba-Koroka near Mo a me des, southern Angola, are Bushmen or degenerated Bantu negroes. Bushnell (bush'nel), Horace. Born at Litchfield, Conn., April 14, 1802: died at Hartford, Conn., Feb. 17, 1876. A distinguished Congregational clergyman and theologian. He preached at Hartford 1833-59. His works include "God in Christ" (1849), "Christ in Theology" (1851), "Nature and the Supernatural" (1858), "Vicarious Sacrifice" (1865), etc. Bushy (bush'i), Sir John. A follower of the king in Shakspere's " "King Richard II." imprisoned Amo Bus (büs), César de., Born at Cavaillon, Vau- Busirane (bu-si-ran'). An enchanter, in Spencluse, France, Feb. 3, 1544: died at Avignon, ser's "Faerie Queene," who imprisoned France, April 15, 1607. A French priest, retta, whom he kept in most grievous torment: founder of the "Congregation of the Chris named from Busiris. tian Doctrine." He wrote "Instructions familières" (1666), etc. Busaco (bö-säkö). A hamlet in Beira, Portugal, 17 miles northeast of Coimbra. Here, Sept, 27. 1810, the British and Portuguese under Wellington defeated the French under Ma éna. The lo of the French was about 4,500; of the Allies, 1,300. Busbec, or Busbecq (büs-bek'), or Busbecqué (Latinized Bus be qui us), Augier Ghislain de. Born at Comines, Flanders, 1522: died near Rouen, France, Oct. 28, 1592. A Flemish diplomatist and scholar, amba ador of Ferdi nand I. at Constantinople. Busby (buz'bi), Richard. Born at Lutton or Sutton, Lincoln shire, England, Sept. 22, 1606: died April 6, 1695. A noted English teacher, head-master of Westminster School 1640. Busca (bös'kä). A town in the province of Cuneo, Piedmont, Italy, situated on the Maira 9 miles northwest of Cuneo. Busch (bösh), Julius Hermann Moritz. Born Busiris (bū-sī'ris). [Gr. Βούσιρις .] 1. A mythical king of Egypt who sacrificed each year to the gods, to insure the ce ation of a famine, one stranger who had set foot on his shores. Hercules was seized by him, and would have fallen a victim had he not broken his bonds and slain Busiris with his club. Bu Paradise Lost , i. 306. 2. A tragedy by Dr. Young, author of "Night Thoughts." It was produced in 1719. Busiris, modern Abusir (ä-bö-ser'). In ancient geography, a town in the Delta, Egypt, near the Damietta branch of the Nile. Bu a (bö ä). A place situated on the Niger, in West Africa, about lat. 10° N. Mungo Park lost his life there. Bu ahir, Ba ahir (bus-sä-her'), or Bi er (bis'sèr). A feudatory state connected with the lieutenant-governorship of the Panjab, British India, in lat. 31°-32° N., long, ag. 78° E. Nov. 4, 1774: died at Mexico, Sept. 21, 1848. A Mexican statesman and historian. He commanded a regiment under More los (1812), was captured and imprisoned at Vera Cruz, but was released by Santa Anna and marched with him to the capital (1821). There after he took an active part in political life. His historical works are of great importance for the revolutionary and modern period: the best-known is "Cuadro histórico de la revolucion de la América mejicana." Bustamante y Guerra (bös-tä-män'teē gar'rä), José. Born about 1750: died about 1822. A Spanish naval officer and administrator, from March, 1811, to March, 1818, captain-general of Guatemala. Bustan (bös-tän'). [Pers. (from bú , fragrance, and stan , place), 'a flower-garden, a place in which grow fragrant fruits, an orchard.] The name of several Persian works, among which the "Bustan" (or tree-garden) of Sadi is the most famous. Busto Arsizio (bös'tō är-sēt'sē-ō). A town in the province of Milan, Italy, 19 miles northwest of Milan. Population, 9,000. Busy (biz'i), Zeal-of-the-Land, known as Rabbi Busy. An unctuous, gormandizing Puritan, of gro ignorance and a scorn of culture, in Ben Jonson's play "Bartholomew Fair." Busybody (biz'i-bod"i), The. A pseudonym used by Benjamin Franklin in a series of arti written in 1728. Busybody, The. A comedy by Mrs. Cent livre, produced and printed in 1709. In this play Mar Butades. See Dibutades . Butcher (buch'er), The Bloody. An epithet applied to the Duke of Cumber land, from his cruelty in suppre ing the Jacobite rising after the battle of Culloden, 1746. Bute (but). An island situated in the Firth of Clyde, south of Argyll and west of Ayrshire, in the county of Bute. Its chief town is Rothesay. Length, 154 miles. Area, 60 square miles. Bute, or Butes hire (but's hir). A county in Scotland. It comprises the islands of Bute, Arran. Inch marnock, Great Cumbras, Little Cumbrae, and Holy Isle. Its capital is Rothesay. Area, 218 square miles. Population (1891), 18,404. Bute, Earl of. See Stuart , John. Bute, Marquis of. See Stuart, John Patrick Crichton. Bute, Kyles of Byng, George Bute and Argylls hire, Scotland. Buthrotum (bū-thro tum), modern But rin to (bö-tren'tō). In ancient geography, a seaport in Epirus. It is said to have been founded by Helenus, son of Priam. Butkhak (böt'khäk), or Boothauk (bötʼhâk). A pa in the mountains of Afghanistan, east of Kabul. Butler (but'ler), Alban. Born at Apple tree, North amp ton, England, 1711: died at St. Omer, France, May 15, 1773. An English Roman Catholic hagiographer. He wrote "Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and other principal Saints" (1756-59), etc. Butler, Andrew Pickens. Born in Edge field District, S. C., Nov. 17, 1796: died near Edge field Court House, S. C., May 25, 1857. An American politician, United States senator from South 1846-57. Butler, Benjamin Franklin. Born at Kinder hook Landing, N. Y., Dec. 17, 1795: died at Paris, Nov. 8, 1858. An American lawyer and politician, attorney-general of the United States 1833-38, and acting secretary of war 1836-37. Butler, Benjamin Franklin. Born at Deer field, N. H., Nov. 5, 1818: died at Washington, Jan. 11, 1893. An American lawyer, politician, and general. He commanded the Army of the James; was defeated at Big Bethel, June 10, 1861; captured Forts Hatter as and Clark, Aug., 1861; and was military governor of New Orleans May-Dec., 1862. In 1864 he was "bottled up" at Bermuda Hundred by the enemy (a historic phrase used by General Barnard, Grant's chief of engineers). He was member of Congre from Ma achusetts 1867-75 and 1877-79; governor of Ma achusetts 1883; and candidate of the Anti-Monopoly, National Greenback-Labor, and People's parties for President in 1884. In 1861 he refused to deliver up slaves who had come within his lines, saying they were "contraband of war"; hence arose the designation "contrabands" for slaves. Butler, Charles. Born at London, Aug. 14, 1750: died at London, June 2, 1832. An English jurist, Roman Catholic historian, and miscellaneous writer, nephew of Alban Butler. His works include "Horæ Biblicæ" (1797-1807), "Horæ juridicæ subsecivæ" (1804), "Reminiscences" (1822-27), etc. Butler, Lady (Elizabeth Souther den Thompson). Born at Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1844. An English artist, chiefly noted as a painter of military subjects. Among her pictures are "Mi ing" (1873), "The Roll Call" (1874), "Balaklava" (1876), "Inkerman" (1877), "Evicted" (1890), etc. Butler, James. Born at Clerkenwell, England, Oct. 19, 1610: died at Kingston Hall, Dor sets hire, England, July 21, 1688. The first Duke of Ormonde. He was the son of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles, and became earl of Ormonde on the death of his grandfather in 1632. He was the friend and conf i dential adviser of the Earl of Str afford; was appointed lieutenant-general of the army in Ireland in 1641; defeated the Irish rebels at Killsalghen, Kilrush, and Ro ; and became lord lieutenant of Ireland in 1644. After the execution of Charles I. he attached himself to the cause of Charles II., whom he accompanied into exile. At the Restoration he was created duke of Ormonde and lord high of was restored in lieutenancy of Ireland, a post which he retained, with an interruption of seven years, until 1685. Butler, James, Duke of Ormonde. Born in Dublin Castle, April 29, 1665: died Nov. 1745. An Irish statesman. He was the son of Earl of O ory, and became duke of Ormonde on the death of his grandfather James Butler (1610-88). He espoused the cause of the Prince of Orange in the same year, and commanded the Life Guards at the battle of the Boyne he succeeded Marl borough in of the characters in Shakspere's "Henry VIII." (v. 2). of Mid-Lothian," a weak and sensitive minister of the Scottish Church, who marries Jeanie But url in (bö-tör-len'), Dmitri Petrovitch. Deans. tershire, England, Feb., 1612: died at London, Sept. 25, 1680. An English poet. He is said to have studied for a short time at Cambridge about 1627; was attendant to Elizabeth, counte of Kent, about 1628, in whose house he met John Selden; and served as clerk or attendant to a succe ion of country gentlemen, in- cluding the Presbyterian Sir Samuel Luke, who is sup- posed to be the original of Hudibras. He was the author of "Hudibras" (1663-78), a heroic-comic poem satirizing Puritanism. Butler, Samuel. Born at Kenilworth, War wicks hire, England, Jan. 30, 1774: died at Eccleshall Castle, Staff ords hire, England, Dec. 4, 1839. An English prelate and cla ical scholar, bishop of Lich field and Coventry. Butler, Walter. Died near Schorndorf, Würimperial service in the Thirty Years' War, an temberg, 1634. An Irish adventurer, in the accomplice in the a a ination of Wal lens tein. Butler, William Allen. Born at Albany, N. Y., Feb. 20, 1825. An American lawyer and poet, son of Benjamin Franklin Butler (1795-1858). He was graduated at the University of the City of New York in 1843; studied law with his father; traveled in Europe 1846-48; and took up the practice law in New York city. He is the author of "Nothing to Wear: an Episode in City Life" (1857), etc., "Two Millions" (1858), "General Average" (1860), and other poems. Butler, William Archer. Born at Annerville, near Clonmel, Ireland, about 1814: died July 5, 1848. An Irish clergyman and philosophical and theological writer, profe or of moral philosophy in the University of Dublin. His works include "Sermons" (1849), "Letters on the Development of Christian Doctrine" (1850), "Lectures on the History of Ancient Philosophy" (1856), etc. of Butler, William Orlando. Born in Je amine County, Ky., 1791: died at Carroll ton, Ky., Aug. 6, 1880. An American general and politician. He served in the War of 1812; commanded the army in Mexico, Feb.-May, 1848; was a member of Congre 1839-43; and was Democratic candidate for Vice President in 1848. Buto (bū'to). An Egyptian divinity, identified by the Greeks with Leto: the eponymous god- de of Buto or Butos, a town in the western part of the Nile delta. Buton (bö-ton'), or Boeton, or Bouton. An island in the East Indies, southeast of Celebes, in lat. 5o S., long. 123° E., belonging to the Netherlands. Area, estimated, 1,700 square miles. Butt (but), Isaac. Born at Glenfin, Donegal, Ireland, Sept. 6, 1813: died near Dundrum, County Dublin, May 5, 1879. An Irish lawyer and politician. He entered Parliament in 1852, as mem- ber for Harwich, and was leader of the Home Rule party 1871-77. He was the author of a "History of Italy from the Abdication of Napoleon I." (1860), etc. Butte (but), or Butte City. A city in Silver Bow County, Montana, situated in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, in lat. 46° 3′ N., long. 112° 27′ W. It contains the Anaconda and many other mines, and produces large quantities of gold, silver, and copper. Population (1890), 10,723. the Butter mere (but'er-mer). A small lake in the Lake District of England, situated 6 miles southwest of Der went water. Buttes (büt), Les. A village in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, situated 20 miles southwest of Neuchâtel. It is noted for its position, inclosed by mountains. Butting ton (but'ing-ton). A place in Mont duct of the campaign in Flanders. In accordance with secret instructions from the ministry, he declined to co operate with the Allies against the French, on which account he was impeached by the Whigs in 1715. He to France, was attainted, and in 1719 commanded an expedition fitted out by Spain against England in behalf of the Pretender: the expedition was dispersed by a storm. Butler, James. Born in Prince William County, Va.: died at Cloud's Creek, S. C., 1781. An American patriot in the Revolutionary War. Born at St. Petersburg, 1790: died near St. Petersburg, Oct. 21, 1849. A Ru ian military writer. His works include "Relation de la campagne en Italie 1799" (1810), "Tableau de la campagne de 1813 en Allemagne" (1815), etc. Buxar, or Baxar (buk-sär'). A town in British India, situated 60 miles east-northeast of Benares. Here, Oct. 23, 1764, the British force (7,000) under Hector Munro defeated the native army (40,000) The lo of the latter was over 6,000. Buxhöwden (böks-hėv'den), Count Fried rich Wilhelm von. Born at Magnusthal, island of Mohn, Baltic Sea, Sept. 25 (N. S.), 1750: died at Lohde, Esthonia, Ru ia, Sept. 4 (N.S.), 1811. A Ru ian general, distinguished in the campaigns in Poland and Sweden. He com manded the Ru ian left wing at Austerlitz. Buxton (buks'ton). A town and watering-place in Derby shire, England, situated 20 miles southeast of Manchester. It is celebrated for its mineral springs. Its chief structure is the rare seism i objects of interest in the vicinity are Poole's Hole (stalac tite cave), Diamond Hill, and the cliff Chee Tor. Population (1891), 7,424. Buxton, Charles. Born Nov. 18, 1823: died Aug. 10, 1871. An English politician and philanthropist, son of Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton. He was graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1843; became a partner in the brewery of Truman, Hanbury and Co., London, in 1845; was member of Parliament for Newport, Isle of Wight, 1857-59, for Maid stone 1859-65, and for East Surrey 1865-71. He edited "Memoirs of Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton" (1848), and "Slavery and Freedom in the British West Indies" (1860), etc. Buxton, Jedediah. Born at Elmton, Derby shire, England, March 20, 1705: died there, 1772. An English mathematical prodigy. He was the son of a schoolmaster, but remained throughout life a farm laborer, because of incapacity to acquire an education, his mind being occupied by an absorbing pas sion for mental calculations. Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell. Born April 1, 1786: died Feb. 19, 1845. An English philanthropist. He was an advocate of the abolition of slavery, and was parliamentary leader of the antislavery party after 1824. Buxtorf, or Buxtorff (böks'tôrf), Johann, the elder. Born at Kamen, Westphalia, Germany, Dec. 25, 1564: died at Basel, Switzerland, Sept. 13,1629. A German Protestant theologian, noted as a Hebraist. He was profe or at Basel 1591-1629. His chief works are "Manuale hebraicum et chaldaicum (1602), "Lexicon hebraicum et chaldaicum" (1607), "Biblia hebraica rabbinic a" (1618-19). Buxtorf, or Buxtorff, Johann, the younger, Born at Basel, Switzerland, Aug. 13, 1599: died at Basel, Aug. 16, 1664. A German Hebraist, son of Johann Buxtorf. Buyides (bū'yidz), or Bowides. A Persian dynasty of the 10th and 11th centuries, overthrown about 1055. Buzfuz (buz'fuz), Sergeant. In Charles Dickens's "Pickwick Papers," the pompous and brutal counsel for Mrs. Bardell in the Bardell Pickwick breach-of-promise suit. Buzzard (buz'ärd), Mr. Justice. A character in Fielding's "Amelia" whose "ignorance of law is as great as his readine to take a bribe." Buzzard's Bay. An inlet of the Atlantic Ocean lying southeast of Ma achusetts. It is separated from Vineyard Sound by the Elizabeth Islands. Length, 30 miles. Breadth, 5-10 miles. Byblis (bib'lis). In cla ical mythology, the daughter of Miletus and sister of Caunus. From her tears arose the fountain of Byblis. Byblos (bib'los). In ancient geography, a city gomery, Wales, situated on the Severn 8 miles of Phenic i a. It was tributary to As syria. See north of Montgomery. Here, in 894, the Eng- Gebal. lish under the ealdorman Æthelred defeated Byblos. A town in the Delta, Egypt, south of the Danes. Büttisholz (büt'tis-holts). A village in the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland, situated 11 miles northwest of Lucerne. Here, in 1375, the Swi peasants defeated and slew 3,000 English under Ingelram de Coucy: their bodies were buried in the He distinguished himself in the partizan warfare with the British, and was killed in the ma acre at Cloud's Creek. Butler, John. Born in Connecticut: died at Niagara, 1794. An American Tory commander in the Revolutionary War. He was made deputy superintendent of Indian affairs by the British at the beginning of the Revolutionary War, and led a force of died at Berlin, June 21, 1829. A noted German 900 Indians and 200 loyalists, which desolated the infant settlement of Wyoming in 1778, in the so-called "Wyoming ma acre." After the war he fled to Canada, and his estates were confiscated; but he was rewarded by the British government with the office of Indian agent, 5,000 acres of land, and a salary and pension of $3,500 a year. Butler, Joseph. Born at Wantage, Berks hire, England, May 18, 1692: died at Bath, England, June 16, 1752. An English prelate and theologian, made bishop of Bristol in 1738, and of Durham in 1750. His most noted work is the "Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed, to the Constitution and Course of Nature" (1736). "Englanderhübel" (English man's mound). Buttmann (böt'män), Philipp Karl. Born at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany, Dec. 5, 1764: philologist. His works include "Griechische Grammatik" (1792), "Schul gramma tik" (1816), "Lexilogus" (1818). Button (but'n), Sir Thomas. Died 1634. An English navigator. He commanded an expedition to explored for the first time the coasts of Hudson Bay, and search for the northwest pa age, 1612-13, on which he named Nelson River, New Wales, and Button's Bay. Butts (buts), Sir William. Died Nov. 22, 1545. An English physician. He was born in Norfolk, and was educated at Cambridge, being admitted to the degree of M. D. in 1518. He subsequently became Bubastis. Bycorne. See Chichevache. Bye Plot (bī plot), or Surprise Plot. A conspiracy in 1603 to seize the person of James I. of England, and extort certain religious conce ions. Its members were Markham, Brooke, Lord Grey of Will on, and others. Byerly Turk (bi'er-li terk), The. One of the three Oriental horses from which all names in the stud-book trace descent. See Darley's Arabian and Go dolphin Barb . He was ridden by a Captain Byerly in the first Irish campaign of King William III., 1689. Nothing more seems to be known of his origin. From him springs the Herod family of thoroughbreds. Byles (bilz), Mather. Born at Boston, March 26, 1706: died at Boston, July 5, 1788. An American clergyman and poet, pastor of the Hollis Street Church at Boston 1733-76. He was imprisoned as a Tory in 1777. Byng (bing), George. See Torrington , Viscount. IMG:content-0242.png:[blocks in formation] British admiral, son of Viscount Torrington. He was unsucce ful in an expedition to relieve Minorca, which was threatened by a French fleet under the Duke of Richelieu in 1756; and at the instance of the ministry, whose ineffectual war policy had rendered it unpopular, was tried by a court martial, and found guilty of neglect of duty. He was shot in spite of the unanimous recommendation to mercy by the court, which deplored that the article of war under which he was condemned admitted of no mitigation of punishment, even if the crime were committed by a mere error of judgment. Byr (bür), Robert. The name under which Karl Robert Emmerich Bayer wrote, and by which he was frequently known. Byrd (berd), William. Born at West over, Va., March 28 (161), 1674: died there, Aug. 26, 1744. An American lawyer. He was educated in England; was called to the bar at the Middle Temple; studied in the Netherlands; visited the court of France; was chosen fellow of the Royal Society; was receiver-general of the revenue in Virginia; was three times colonial agent in England; was for thirty-seven years member and finally president of the council of the colony; and in 1728 was one of the commi ioners appointed to fix the boundary between Virginia and North Carolina, an account of which is contained in the so-called "West over Manuscripts" (Petersburg, 1841), written by him. Byrgius (ber'ji-us), Justus, Latinized from Jobst Bürgi (bür'gi). Born at Lichtensteig, St. Gall, Switzerland, Feb. 28, 1552: died at Ca el, Germany, Jan. 31, 1632. A Swi inventor and mathematician. He published log a rithmic tables (1620), and constructed a celestial globe, sector, etc. Byrom (bi'rom), John. Born Feb. 29, 1692, at Kersall Cell, Brought on, near Manchester: died Sept. 26, 1763. An English poet and stenographer. He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, of which he became a fellow in 1714. He invented a system of shorthand which was published in 1767 under the title "The Universal English Shorthand." A collective edition of his poems, the most notable of which are "Colin to Phœbe," "Three Black Crows," and "Figg and Sutton," appeared at Manchester in 1773. Lord. Born at London, Jan. 22, 1788: died at Mis so long hi, Greece, April 19, 1824. A celecaptain in the Guards, by his second wife Catherine Gorbrated English poet. He was the son of John Byron, don. His family traced its origin back to the Norman conquest. He was born with a malformation of both feet. His mother, who had been deserted by her husband, resided with her son at Aberdeen, Scotland, 1791-98. On the death of his granduncle William, fifth Lord Byron, in the latter year, he inherited his titles and estate, including New stead Abbey. He subsequently studied at Harrow and at Cambridge, where he took the degree of M. A. in 1808. In 1807 he published "Hours of Idlene ," which elicited adverse criticism from a writer in the "Edinburgh Review," probably Lord Brougham. Byron responded with the satire "English Bards and Scotch Reviewers" (1809), which attracted considerable attention. In 1809-11 he traveled in Portugal, Spain, Turkey, and Greece, and in 1812 published the first two cantos of "Childe Harold," the others appearing in 1816 and 1818. In 1815 he married Mi Anne Isabella Milbanke, by whom he became, in 1816, the father of August a Ada (afterward Counte of Love lace), and who left him for some unexplained reason in 1816. He abandoned England in 1816, and in this year met at Geneva Mi Clairmont, who bore him, in 1817, an illegitimate child, Allegra, who was placed by him in a Roman Catholic convent at Bagna-Cavallo, near Ravenna, where she died in 1822. In 1819 he met, at Venice, Teresa, Counte Guiccioli, with whom he maintained a Byzantium Byron, Harriet. An affected orphan, attached to Sir Charles Grand is on, and the principal writer of the letters, in Richardson's novel of that name. Byron, John. Born Nov. 8, 1723: died April 10, 1786. A British naval officer, second son of William, fourth Lord Byron. He entered the navy when a boy, and in 1740 was midshipman of the Wager, in Anson's squadron, which was wrecked near Cape Horn. From 1764 to 1766 he commanded two ve els in a voyage of exploration around the world; but beyond the curious observations on the Indians of Patagonia and the discovery of some small islands in the Pacific he ac complished little. He was governor of Newfoundland 1769-72; became vice-admiral in 1778; and on July 6, 1779, had an engagement with the French fleet of D'Estaing off Grenada, West Indies, but was defeated. Byron's Conspiracy, and Byron's Tragedy. Two plays by Chapman, produced in 1605, printed in 1608: they may be regarded as one. They were reprinted during the author's lifetime, with revisions, in 1625. Charles, duke of Biron (who was executed in 1602), is represented in these plays as a self-confident braggart of "boundle vainglory." Byrsa (ber'sä). [Gr. Βύρσα.] The citadel of Carthage. Bytown (bi'toun). The former name of Ottawa, Canada. liaison during the remainder of his residence in Italy. He Byzantine Empire. See Eastern Empire . subsequently lived at Ravenna, Pisa, and Genoa, taking an active interest in the revolutionary movement of the Car bonari. In 1823 he joined the Greek insurgents at Cepha lonia, and in the following year became the commander- in-chief at Mis so long hi, where he died of a fever. Besides the titles already mentioned, his works include "The Giaour" (1813), "The Bride of Abydos" (1813), "The Cor- sair" (1814), Lara" (1814), "Hebrew Melodies" (1815), "Poems by Lord Byron" (1816), "Prisoner of Chillon, and other Poems" (1816), "Manfred" (1817), "Mazeppa" (1819), "Marino Faliero" (1820), "The Two Foscari" and "Cain" (one volume, 1821), "The Deformed Transformed" (1824), "Don Juan" (1819-24), etc. "Life and Works" pub- lished by Murray (1832-35). See Moore's "Life of Byron" (1830), Galt, "Life of Byron" (2d ed. 1830), Trelawney, "Recollections of the Last Days of Shelley and Byron (1858), and Guiccioli, Comte e de, "Lord Byron jugé par les témoins de sa vie" (1868). Byzantine Historians. A collective term for the Greek historians of the Eastern Empire. Const an tine Porphyrogenitus, Anna Comnena, Joannes Cinnamus, Nicetas, etc. important were Zosimus, Procopius, Byzantium (bi-zan'ţium). [Gr. Βυζάντιον .] In ancient geography, a Greek city built on the eastern part of the site of Constantinople, in which it was merged in 330 A. D. It was noted for its control of the corn-trade and for fisheries. It was founded by Megarians in the 7th century B. C., and was recolonized after the battle of Platæa (479 B. c.). Alcibiades conquered it in 408 B. C., and Lysander in 405 B. С. In 339 B. c. it was besieged by Philip of Macedon and relieved by Phocion, and again besieged and taken by Severus 194-196 A. D. See Constantinople . IMG:content-0243.png:[graphic][subsumed] The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names aaba. See Kaaba . Caaguás (kä-ä-gwäs'), or Caás (kä-äs'). ['Forest men.'] A horde of wild South American Indians living on the river Paraná in northwestern Paraguay and the adjacent parts of Brazil. They are the degraded remains of Guarani tribes. Dur ing the 18th century they sometimes took refuge in the Jesuit mi ions of Paraguay from the oppre ions of the slave-hunters of São Paulo; but they subsequently renewed their wild life. Very little is known of them. Caamaño (kä-ä-mä'nyō), José Maria Placido. Born at Guayaquil, Oct. 5, 1838. An Ecuador i an statesman. In 1882 he was banished for conspiring against the dictator Vein tim ill a. From Peru he led an expedition against Guayaquil, 1883, which was eventually succe ful. The downfall of Veintimillet fol, 1883, and was regularly elected president Feb. 17, 1884, holding the office until June 30, 1888. In 1889 and 1890 he was minister to Washington.