Edinburgh

(ěd'n-bro; Scot. em'bro,) the C. of the kingdom of Scotland, and of a co. of same name, 2 m. S. of Leith, on the Frith of Forth, and 357 N.N.W. of London. The city is built on 3 hills, having an E. andW. direction, the centre of which terminates abruptly on the W. in a high scar ped rock, rising 400 feet sheer above the sea. On this lofty eminence is the Castle, a notable landmark in Scots history. Between this and the E. hill lies a deeply depre ed portion of the city, while on the rising ground to the N. stands what is termed the New Town, characterized by the openne and magnificence of its streets, squares, and avenues, rivalling in their appearance the finest quarters of the finest of European cities. At the E. extremity of the Old Town stands the anc. palace and abbey of Holyrood, for centuries the abode of the Scots monarchs. In a literary and educational sense, E. stands preeminent; 80 much so, indeed, as to have acquired for herself the appellation of the Modern Athens. From a commercial point of view, E. is chiefly noted for the many and various literary publications which i ue from her pre es. Here was founded, in 1802, the Edinburgh Review, and, a few years later, Blackwood's Magazine. E. dates its rise from the 7th cent., and, as the Scottish metropolis, po e es a long and momentous history, rich in political and social events. L'op. 196,500.- The co. ofE., otherwise and anciently known as MID LOTH I AN is b. N. by the Frith of Forth, has an area of 358 sq. m., and is highly fertile and productive. Pop. 328,325. [s. 316]