ENCLAVE

detached tract of one country or State enclosed by the territory of another; the detached portion is an exclave from the point of view of the country to which it belongs, an enclave from that of the surrounding country. TRU YCLICAL, papal letter i ued to public. » & work covering the entire circle of the arts and sciences; a comprehensive survey of human knowledge, or any particular branch of it, and usually arranged in alphabetical order. ‘The earliest extant work of an encyclopaedic character is the Natural History of the treats of a great variety of subjects, including geography, med., astron., bot., fine arts, mineralogy, etc. Two famous encyclopaedias of the Middle Ages were the Bibliotheca Mundi of Vincent of Beauvais (1190-1264), and the comprehensive Livres dou Tresor of Brunet to Latini (1230-94), a Florentine, well known for his a ociation with Dante. The De rath Baas ar 3 rerum, written in Latin by Bar tho lome us de Glanville, an Eng. Francis can, was trans. by John Trevis a (1398), and met with much succe . The name cyclopaedia was first used in connection with a work pub. at Basel by Ringelberg in 1541, and thereafter that, or encyclopaedia, became the general name for such works. Other famous early encyclopaedias were the compilations of Antonio Zara (1615); Johann He in rich Alsted (1630); Louis Moréri’s Le Grand Dictionnaire Hist or i que (1674); Johann (1677); Etienne Chauvin's Lexicon Rationale (1692); Pierre Bayle’s Diction~ the Biblioteca Uni ver sale, by Vincenzo Maria Coronelli, an Ital. Francis can (1650-1718), of which only 7 out of 40 vols. projected were published before his death. The earliest Eng. enclyclopaedia of importance was the Lexicon Technicum 1704, compiled by the Rev. John Harris, secretary to the Royal Soc. This was followed by Ephriam Chambers's Cyclo paedia, or Universal Dictionary of the Arts and Sciences 1728, which met with immense succe , succeeding editions being revised and enlarged by Abraham Rees and others. This work also served as the basis upon which Diderot and his a ociates built their famous Encyclopedie (33 vols. 1751-80). The most famous of later publications of this kind is the Encyclopaedia Britannica, Originally published by A. Bell and Colin MacFarquhar, or Edinburgh, with William Smellie as editor. It was first i ued in sixpenny parts, the earliest appearing in Dec. 1768, and finally completed in 3 vols. in 1771. A second ed.—the first including historical and biographical articles—was i ued in 10 vols. in 1784, a third ed., in 18 vols., appearing in 1797; also numerous editions since, through various firms. The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, ed. by Sir David Brewster, in 18 vols., was i ued Charles Knight, 29 vols. 1833-46; the English Encyclopaedia, 23 vols. 1853-61) Chambers’s Encyclopaedia, 10 vols. 186068 (several revised editions since). Besides the works named there are innumerable publications of an encyclopaedic character upon a great variety of subjects. é Amongst foreign encyclopaedias may be named, in French, Larou e’s Le Grand Dictionnaire Universel (15 vols.), La Grande Encyclopedie (31 vols.), and Petit Larou e Illustre (1 vol.); in Gerand Gruber’s All gem eine Encyklopadie. (Important Amer. works are The New Perpetual Loose Leaf Encyclopaedia and the American a).