New Jersey and Delaware

The name was given by the English from the river where they were found, their council-fire being near the site of Philadelphia. They call themselves Lenni-Lenape ('original men' or 'preeminent men'). The French called them Loups ('wolves'), from their chief totemic division. In 1726 they refused to join the Iroquois in a war upon the English, and were stigmatized by the Iroquois as "women." In 1742 and later they were pre ed succe ively to the Susquehanna and Ohio rivers, afterward to Mi ouri and Arkansas. Most of them are now in the Indian Territory, connected with the Cherokees. Their number is about 1,700. See Algonquian . Delaware (del'a-war). 1. One of the Middle States, and, next to Rhode Island, the smallest State of the American Union, lying between Pennsylvania on the north, Delaware River and Bay (separating it from New Jersey) and the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and Maryland on the south and west. The surface is generally level, but hilly in the north. The leading productions are wheat, Indian corn, and fruit (especially peaches). The State is divided into three counties; the capital is Dover, and the chief place Wilmington. It sends one representative and two senators to Congre , and has 3 electoral votes. It was permanently settled by Swedes under Peter Minuit in 1638; pa ed under the rule of the Dutch in 1655, and of the English in 1664. In 1682 it became united with Pennsylvania; in 1703 it received a separate a embly, but had a governor in common with Pennsylvania until the Revolution. It is one of the thirteen original States, and was the first State to ratify the Federal Constitution, Dec. 7, 1787. It was a slave State, but sided with the Union in the war of 1861-65. Area, 2,050 square miles. Population (1900), 184,735. 2. A river of the United States which rises in Delaware County, New York, and separates Pennsylvania and Delaware on the west from New York and New Jersey on the east. It expands into Delaware Bay about 40 miles below Philadelphia. On its banks are Trenton, Easton, Philadelphia, Camden, Chester, and Wilmington. Its chief tributaries are the Lehigh and Schuylkill, on the west. Length, 350 miles; navigable for ocean steamships to Philadelphia; tidal as far as Trenton. 3. A city and the county-seat of Delaware County, Ohio, situated on the Whetstone (Olentangy) River 23 miles north of Columbus. It is the seat of Ohio Wesley an University. Population (1900), 7,940. Delaware, Lord. See Delawarr . Delaware Bay. An arm of the Atlantic Ocean and estuary of the Delaware River, which separates Delaware from New Jersey. Its entrance to the Atlantic, between Capes May and Henlopen, is about 13 miles in width. Length, about 55 miles. Greatest width, about 25 miles. Delaware Water Gap. A village and summer resort in Monroe County, Pennsylvania, 65 miles northwest of New York. Also, the name of the adjoining gorge, 2 or 3 miles in length, by which the Delaware River pa es through the Kittatinny Mountain (between walls 1,400 feet in height). Delawarr, or Delaware, Baron. See West. Delbrück (del'brük), Martin Fried rich Rudolf. Born at Berlin, April 16, 1817: died there Feb. 1, 1903. A Pru ian statesman. He entered the ministry of commerce in 1848, and was president of the chancery of the North German Confederation 1867-70, and of the imperial chancery 1871-76. Delectable Mountains, The. A range of mountains in Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progre ," from which a view of the Celestial City is to be had. They are "Emmanuel's Land," and the sheep that feed on them are those for whom he died. See Isa. xxxiii. 16, 17. Delémont (de-la-môn'), G. Delsberg (dels' berg). A small town in the canton of Bern, Switzerland, situated on the Sorne 18 miles southwest of Basel. Delescluze (de-lā-klüz'), Louis Charles. Born at Dreux, France, Oct. 20, 1809: killed at the barricades, Paris, May 28, 1871. A French journalist and political agitator, leader of the Commune of Paris March-May, 1871. Dele ert (de-le-sar'), Baron Benjamin. Born at Lyons, Feb. 14, 1773: died at Paris, March 1, 1847. A French naturalist and philanthropist. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies 1817-38, and contributed largely to the introduction of savings-banks in France. He was a collaborator of De Candolle in the publication of "Icones selectæ plant arum" (1820-46). Delfs haven (delfs-hä'ven), or Delfts haven (delfts-hä'ven). A seaport in the province of South Holland, Netherlands, situated on the Maas 2 miles southwest of Rotter dam, of which, since 1886, it has formed a part. Here, July 22, 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers embarked for Southampton. Delft (delft). A town in the province of South Holland, Netherlands, situated on the Schie 5 miles southeast of The Hague. It was formerly celebrated for the manufacture of pottery and porcelain. It contains some interesting buildings, the old and new of Grotius, and the place of a a ination of William the churches, Prinsenhof and Stadhuis. It was the birthplace Silent in 1584. Population (1894), commune, 31,125. Delhi (del'hi), or Dehli (da'lē). 1. A division in the Panjab, British India. Area, 5,610 square miles. Population, 1,907,984.— 2. A district in the above division. Area, 1,276 square miles. Population, 643,515.-3. The capital of the division and district of Delhi, situated on the Jumna in lat. 28° 40′ N., long. 77° 18′ E. The city of Indraprastha (which see) is said (Mahabharata) to have been built near the site of Delhi in the 15th century B. C. Delhi was captured by Mohammed of Ghor in 1193 A. D., and a few years later became the capital of a Mohammedan monarchy. It was sacked by Timur in 1398, and captured by Baber in 1526. Delhi became the capital of the Mogul empire, and was rebuilt by Shah Jehan in 1638-58. It was sacked by Nadir Shah in 1739, and occupied by the British under Lake in 1803, although it continued to be the residence of the titular Grand Mogul down to 1857. It was captured by the Sepoy mutineers May 11, 1857, and was besieged in June by the British and retaken Sept. 20, 1857. Among the notable structures in Delhi are: ( a ) The tomb of Humayun Shah, completed by his succe or Akbar in the second half of the 16th cen tury. The plan is about square; the tomb-chamber is octagonal, with great canopied portals on four of its sides and smaller octagonal chambers on the four others. The central space is covered by a graceful dome. The decoration is much simpler than that of the later Mogul architecture, consisting chiefly of keeled arcades of different sizes framed in rectangular panels. (b) The palace built by Shah Jehan in the middle of the 17th century. has been called the most splendid of Oriental palaces. The ma ive towered wall incloses an area of about 1,600 by 3, It 3,200 feet. The main entrance opens on a noble vaulted hall 375 feet long, from which are reached in succe ion Della Crusca, Accademia two spacious courts. On the second of these faces the hall of public audience, an open arcaded structure with scalloped arches and coupled columns in the exterior range. On another court, toward the river, is the hall of private audience (Dewan i-Khas), similar to the first, but with square piers to its arches and beautiful inlaying in colored stones. On the river side stands also the Rung Mehal, or Painted Hall, an admirable structure, which includes a bath. (c) The Jami Musjid, or Great Mosque, built by Shah Jehan in the middle of the 17th century. It is very large, and the grouping of the three lofty monumental gates and the kiosked angle towers of its court with the lofty minarets, the great entrance-arch, and the three fine bulbous domes of the sanctuary produces an unusually impre ive architectural effect. The court is raised on a high basement, and is surrounded by graceful open arcades. The minarets rise from the ends of the façade of the mosque proper, and between them and the central arch there are on each side five fine arcades sur mounted by paneling in red sandstone and white marble. Above the cornice are placed a range of close-set, roundheaded battlements. (1891), 192,579. Delia de les option (1) A name given to Artemis, from the island of Delos, her birthplace. Similarly Apollo, the sun-god, was called Delius . 2. A shepherde in Vergil's Eclogues. Delian Confederacy. See Delos , Confederacy of. Delight of Mankind. An epithet of the em per or Titus. Delilah (de-li'lä). [Heb., 'weak,' 'feeble'; Gr. Δαλίλη.] A woman of the valley of Sorek, mistre of Samson. She discovered the secret of Samson's strength, and betrayed him to the Philistines. Judges xvi. Delille, or Delisle (de-lēl'), Jacques. Born at Aigueperse, Puy-de-Dôme, France, June 22, 1738: died at Paris, May 1, 1813. A French didactic poet and translator. His works include "Les jardins” (1780), “La pit ié” (1803), a translation of Vergil's Georgics (1769), etc. Jacques Delille and his extraordinary popularity form, perhaps, the greatest satire on the taste of the eighteenth century in France. His translation of the Georgics was supposed to make him the equal of Virgil, and brought him not merely fame, but solid reward. His principal work was the poem of "Les Jardins," which he followed up with others of a not di imilar kind. Though he emigrated he did not lose his fame, and to the day of his death was considered to be the first poet of France, or to share that honour with Lebrun-"Pindare." Delille has expiated his popularity by a full half century of contempt, and his work is, indeed, valuele as poetry. Saints bury , French Lit., p. 398. a Deliniers-Brémont. See Liniers y Bremont . Deliro (de-lē'rō). A character in Ben Jonson's comedy "Every Man out of his Humour": good, doting citizen, a fellow sincerely in love with his own wife, and so wrapt with a conceit of her perfections that he simply holds himself unworthy of her. Delisle (de-lel'; often Anglicized to de-lil'), Guillaume. Born at Paris, Feb. 28, 1675: died there, Jan. 25, 1726. A French scientist, one of the founders of modern geography. Delisle, Joseph Nicolas. Born at Paris, April 4, 1688: died at Paris, Sept. 11, 1768. A French astronomer, brother of Guillaume Delisle. works include "Mémoires pour servir à l'his to ire et au progrès de l'astronomie," etc. (1738), "Mémoire sur les nouvelles découvertes au nord de la Mer du Sud" (1752), etc. His Delitzsch (dā'litsh). A town in the province of Saxony, Pru ia, situated on the Löbber 12 miles north of Leipsic. Population (1890), commune, 8,949. Delitzsch, Franz. Born at Leipsic, Feb. 23, 1813: died there, March 4, 1890. A noted German exegete and Hebraist. He became profe or of theology at Rostock in 1846, at Erlangen in 1855, and at Leipsic in 1867. He represented strict Luther an ism. His numerous works include commentaries on "Habakkuk " (1843), "Genesis" (1852), "Hebrews" (1857), "Psalms" (1859-60), "Job" (1864), etc.; also "Sakrament des wahren Leibes und Blutes Jesu Christ i" (1844), "System der biblischen Psycho logie" (1855), etc. Delitzsch, Fried rich. Born at Erlangen, Bavaria, varia, Se Sept. 3, 1850. A German A yriolog A yriologist, son of Franz Delitzsch, appointed profe or of A yriology at Leipsic in 1877, at Breslau in 1893, and at Berlin in 1899. His works include an A yrian grammar, etc. Delium (dē'li-um). [Gr. Δήλιον.] In ancient geography, a place in Bœotia, Greece, situated on the coast 24 miles north of Athens. Here, 424 B. C., the Bœotians defeated the A then i ans. Delius (do'li-us). [Gr. Δήλιος.] A surname of Apollo, from his birthplace in Delos. Delius (dā'lē-ös), Nikolaus. Born at Bremen, Germany, Sept. 19, 1813: died at Bonn, Nov. 18, 1888. A German philologist and Shaksperian scholar, profe or at Bonn 1855-80: author of a critical edition of Shakspere (1854-61 and 1882), etc. Della Crusca, Accademia. See Accademia dell a Crusca . Della Cruscan School Della Cruscan School (del'ä krus'kan sköl). A small clique of English poets of both sexes who originally met in Florence about 1785. Their productions, which were affected and sentimental, were published in England in the "World" and the "Oracle." They were attacked by Gifford (1794-96) in "The Baviad" and "The Mæviad" (which see). Robert Merry adopted the pseudonym "Della Crusca," Mrs. Hannah Cowley "Anna Matilda" (which see), and Edward Jerning ham "The Bard." These, with Edward Topham, the Rev. Charles Este, James Boswell, Mrs. Piozzi, and others, formed the school. They took their name from the Florentine Accademia dell a Crusca (which see). Dellys (del-lēz'). A small seaport in Algeria, situated east of Algiers. Delmar (del'mär), Alexander. Born at New York, Aug. 9, 1836. An American political economist, statistician, and mining engineer. He was the founder of the "Social Science Review," and its editor from 1864-66. In 1867 he was director of the Bureau of Statistics, and in the same year president of the Washington Statistical Society. His works include "Gold Money and Paper Money" (1862), "E ays on Political Economy" (1865), "What is Free Trade?" (1868), "The Resources, etc., of Egypt" (1874), "History of the Precious Metals (1880), "A History of Money, etc." (1885), etc. Delmonte y Tejada (dal-mon'tā ē tā-Häʼdä), Antonio. Born at Santiago de los Caballeros, Santo Domingo, Sept. 29, 1783: died at Havana, Nov. 19, 1861. A Spanish-American his to rian. Driven from his country in 1804 by the revolutionists, he resided in Havana after 1806, practising law and occupying several government positions. The first volume only of his "Hist or i a de Santo Domingo" was published in Havana 1853. Delolme (de-lõlm'), Jean Louis. Born at Geneva, 1740: died in Switzerland, July 16, 1806. A Swi constitutional writer. Having offended the Genevan government by the publication of a pamphlet entitled "Examen des trois points des droits," he emigrated to England, where he lived many years. He returned to Switzerland in 1775. His works include "Constitution de l'Angleterre" (1771), of which an English translation, prepared by himself, appeared in 1775 as "The Constitution of England." De Long (de long), George Washington. Born at New York, Aug. 22, 1844: died in Siberia, Oct. 30, 1881. An American explorer. He was graduated at the United States Naval Academy in 1865, and obtained the rank of lieutenant in 1869, and of lieutenant-commander in 1879. He accompanied Captain D. L. Braine on his Arctic expedition in 1873. Having been appointed to the command of the Jeanette, fitted out by James Gordon Bennett, Jr., for a three years' voyage of exploration in the Arctic waters, and placed the authority of the United States government, he sailed from San Francisco, July 8, 1879, and proceeded to Cape Serdze Kamen, Siberia, whence he steamed northward until beset by the ice in about 71° 35' N., 75° W., Sept. 5, 1879. The ve el drifted to the northwest, and was crushed in 77° 15' Ν., 155° E., June 13, 1881. With fourteen others he reached the mouth of the Lena, Siberia, where the whole party perished of cold and starvation, except two men sent forward to obtain relief. His body and those of his companions were discovered March 23, 1882, by Chief Engineer George W. Melville, who with nine companions had been detached from the main party and had succeeded in reaching a small village on the Lena. Deloraine (del-ō-rān'), William of. In Sir Walter Scott's poem "Lay of the Last Minstrel," a borderer and trusty va al of the Buccleuch family. He is sent by the Ladye of Brank some to fetch the magic book from the tomb of Michael Scott, the wizard. Delord (de-lor'), Taxile. Born at Avignon, France, Nov. 25, 1815: died at Paris, May 16, 1877. A French journalist, historian, and pol i tician. His chief a "His to ire du second empire" (1868-75). Delorme, or de Lorme (dė lorm), Marion. Born near Châlons-sur-Marne, France, 1611: said to have died at Paris, 1650. A celebrated French courtezan, mistre of the Marquis de Cinq-Mars. In 1650 she was ordered to be arrested by Mazarin for her complicity in the Fronde, and was found dead by the officers. This, however, is thought to have been a ruse. She is even said to have lived to the age of 137 years. She was the friend of Ninon de l'Enclos. Victor Hugo wrote a novel with her name as title, and Bulwer introduces her in his play "Richelieu"; she was also the subject of a drama, "Cinq-Mars" (1826), by Alfred de Vigny. De l'Orme (dė lorm), Philibert. Born at Lyons, 1515: died at Paris, Jan. 8, 1570. A noted French architect. He was court architect under Henry II. Delos (de los), modern Gr. Mikra Dilos ('little Delos'). [Gr. Δῆλος.] The smallest island of the Cyclades, situated in the Ægean Sea in lat. 37° 23′ N., long. 25° 18' E.: the ancient Asteria or Ortygia. According to Greek legends it was originally a floating island, and was the birthplace IMG:content-0411.png:[blocks in formation] Delyannis (de-li-än'is), or Deli jann is, Théo graphical discoveries of the highest importance have been dore. Born at Kalavryta, in the Peloponnesus, made, bearing upon history and particularly upon the ceremonial and administration of the sanctuary. Delos, Confederacy of. A Hellenic league, formed probably about 477 в. с., with its political center at Athens and its treasury at Delos in 1826. A Greek statesman. From 1863 he was frequently in office as minister of foreign affairs, finance, or the interior. He represented Greece at the Congre of Berlin, and obtained an extension of Greek territory on the The alian frontier. He has been premier 1885–86, 1890-92, Demaratus (dem-a-ra'tus).. [Gr. Δημάρατος .] A Spartan king of the Eurypontid line, who reigned from about 510 to 491 B. C. He shared with his colleague Cleomenes the command of the army sent in 510 to a ist the A then i ans in expelling Hippias. He was deposed in 491 by Cleomenes, who elevated Leotychides to his places, The last years of his life were spent at court of Xerxes, whom he accompanied on the expedition against Greece in 481-480. (removed later to Athens). It was formed by 1895-April, 1897. Athens and various other maritime states (Ægin a, Me. gar a, Naxos, Thasos, Lesbos, Chios, Samos, etc.). Many of them were soon absorbed by Athens, and the league developed into an A then i an empire. Delpech (del-pesh'), Jacques Matthieu. Born at Toulouse, France, about 1775: murdered at Montpellier, France, Oct. 29, 1832. A French surgeon, author of "Traité de l'orthomorphie " (1828-29), etc. Delphi (del'fi), modern Kastri. [Gr. Δελφοί.] In ancient geography, a town in Phocis, Greece, situated 6 miles from the Corinthian Gulf, at the foot of Mount Parna us: the seat of a world-renowned oracle of Pythian Apollo, the most famous of antiquity. The oracle was of prehistoric foundation, and was still respected when silenced by Theodosius at the end of the 4th century A. D. Through the gifts of states and individuals who sought or had obtained the aid of the oracle, the Delphic sanctuary became enormously rich, not only in architecture and works of art, but in the precious metals. Its treasures of the last kind were plundered in antiquity, and Nero and other emperors robbed it of an almost incredible number of statues and other art works. There is, however, reason to hope that much in the way of sculpture, architecture, and historical inscriptions will be found by the French official excavators who began work in 1892. But little ex- ploration had before been po ible, because the village of Kastri covered the site of the sanctuary. The village has now been removed, preparatory to the French exploration. Besides the splendid temple of Apollo, the inclosure of the sanctuary contained a theater, the council-house, the Lesche, the Portico of the A then i ans, a number of treasu- ries belonging to different states, and almost innumerable statues and other votive offerings. Buildings only second in importance were ranged outside of the inclosure. Delphin Cla ics. [From L. delphin us , a dol- phin (whence F. dauphin ).] An edition of the Latin cla ics prepared by order of Louis XIV. for the use of the Dauphin ("In usum Del- phini," 'for the use of the Dauphin'): first works published in 1674 under direction of Bos- suet and Huet. They are sometimes called "dauphins." Delphin us (del-fi'nus). [L., 'a dolphin.'] One of the ancient constellations, representing a dolphin. It is situated east of Aquila. Delpit (del-pe'), Albert. Born at New Orleans, Jan. 30, 1849: died at Paris, Jan. 4, 1893. A French dramatist, journalist, and poet. Among his plays are "Jean Nu-Pieds" (1875) and "Les chevaliers de la patrie" (1873). He afterward published a novel, “Le fils de Coralie" (which was succe ful and was drama- tized 1879), "Le père de Martial” (1881), and "La mar. quise" (1882), "Pa ionément," a comedy (1889), "Comme dans la vie" and "Tous les deux" (1890). Delsarte (del-särt'), François Alexandre Nicolas Chéri. Born Dec. 19, 1811: died July 19, 1871. A French musician and teacher, noted for his studies of the art of oratorical, musical, and dramatic expre ion. Delta (del'tä). Any tract of land, inclosed by the mouths of a river, in shape like the Greek letter delta (△); specifically, the delta of the Nile.