Hydrobromic Ether

{bromid of ethyl) produces unconsciousne and anesthesia in one minute, and complete muscular relaxation in two or three minutes. The heart’s action is somewhat weakened. Return to consciousne after withdrawal of the ether is very prompt. Its use may be followed by vomiting. According to some observers, death results from cardiac failure, while others believe it kills by direct action upon the respiratory center. It is best administered by an Allis inhaler, and is of most service in minor surgery for short operations. Nitrous Oxid, by inhalation, is much used by dentists as an anesthetic in the extraction of teeth. The symptoms resemble those of asphyxia, hence it is more important to watch the respiration than the pulse. It may be employed in minor surgical operations. There are but few after-effects, those most often observed being headache and malaise. A., Local, an anesthetic that, locally applied, produces absence of sensation in the organ or ti ue so treated. Alcohol, locally, removes sensation to pain, while tactile sense persists. Cool the alcohol to about io° below the freezing point, by placing it in ice and salt, and place the part to be numbed in it. Carbolic Acid painted over the skin — its action, however, is caustic. Chlorethyl, in vapor form, is useful in minor and dental surgerv. Chlorid of Methyl, CH3C1, allowing the liquid chlorid to drop on the skin or mucous membrane. Unle kept carefully under control the vitality of the ti ues may be affected by the substance. Cocain is used in subcutaneous injections, by painting over mucous or cutaneous surfaces, or, in the case of the eye, by instillation. As a paint, a 20 per cent, solution is used, weaker preparations being of little value over cutaneous surfaces; several coats are nece ary. A 10 per cent, solution should be used on mucous surfaces; for the eye a 2 to 4 per cent, solution will answer, and this solution is strong enough when cocain is employed as a spray. Hypodermically, Ttljj-v of a 10 to 20 per cent, solution are usually injected, and this may be repeated two or three times during the operation. Disulphid of Carbon, by spray or irrigation, is a local anesthetic, but has a disgusting odor and is a powerful poison. Ether, in spray, is also a local anesthetic. The anesthesia thus produced is confined to the skin, and is very transient. It may produce a slough from exce ive freezing. Rhigolene, in spray, its use being similar to that of ether. A. Mixtures contain combinations of substances for producing anesthesia. The following are the most important: A. C. E. Mixture: — alcohol, sp. gr..838, 1 part; s. chloroform, sp. gr. 1.497, 2 parts; ether, sp. gr- -735? 3 parts. Billroth’s: — chloroform 3 parts, alcohol and ether each I part. Linhart’s: — alcohol I, chloroform 4. It is administered similarly to chloroform. Martin dale’s: — a volumetric mixture, the ingredients of which evaporate almost uniformly; it consists of absolute alcohol, sp. gr..795, one volume; chloroform, sp. gr. 1.498, two volumes; pure ether, sp. gr..720, three volumes. Medico-Chirurgical Society of London: — ether 3, chloroform 2, alcohol I. Methylene, or Methylene Bichlorid: — a mixture of methylic alcohol 30 per cent., and chloroform 70 per cent. The so-called ” Liquid of Regnauld’1’’ consisted of 80 percent, chloroform, 20 per cent, methylic alcohol. Methylene is not much used, several deaths from cardiac paralysis having occurred from its employment. Nu baum’s: — ether 3, chloroform 1, alcohol 1. Richardson’ s:— alcohol 2, chloroform 2, ether 3. Sanford’s: — the so-called “Chloramyl,” is a mixture of chloroform and amyl nitrate in the proportion of two drams of the nitrate to the pound of chloroform. It is a dangerous mixture, both drugs depre ing the heart. Vienna General Hospital: — ether 9, chloroform 30, alcohol 9. Vienna Mixture:— ether 3, chloroform I. VON MERING’S: — chloroform one volume, dimethyl acetal two volumes. It is said not to produce failure of respiration or heart, nor lowering of the blood pre ure. WACHMUTH’s:— one-fifth part of oil of turpentine is added to the chloroform. It is said to prevent any danger of heart failure. ch052.xhtml a 59