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Affenthal (äf'fen-täl). A village near Baden, in Baden, noted for its red wine. Affre (äf'r), Denis Auguste. Born at St. Rome, Tarn, France, Sept. 27, 1793: died at Paris, June 27, 1848. A French ecclesiastic, appointed archbishop of Paris in 1840. He was mortally wounded in the insurrection of 1848, at the barricades, June 25, while attempting to admonish the in surgents. Afghanistan (af-gan-is-tän'). A country of Asia, bounded by Asiatic Ru ia and Bokhara north, India and Kafir is tan east, Balu chi stan south, and Persia west, and extending from about lat. 29° to 37° 30′ N., and long. 61° to 72° E. The limits of the ameer's rule are ill defined. The chief divisions are Kabul, Herat, Kandahar, Afghan Turkestan, and Jelalabad. The Ameer of Kabul is its absolute sovereign. The prevailing religion is Mohammedanism. Afghanistan became independent of Persia under the Durani dynasty in 1747. Under its ruler, Dost Mohammed, war broke out with the British in 1838. The latter captured Kandahar, Ghazni, and Kabul (1839), establishing a new ameer; but in 1841 the British agent was ma acred, and the British army was annihilated in 1842 in retreating in the Kurd-Kabul Pa . General Pollock ended the war in 1842. In 1878, under the ameer Shere Ali, war again broke out with the British, who captured Jelalabad and Kandahar. Shere Ali fled, and Yakub Khan was proclaimed in 1879. A ma acre of the British resident at Kabul was followed by an invasion under General Roberts, and Yakub Khan abdicated. The latter's brother Ayub Khan in 1880 defeated the British forces, but under General Roberts they relieved Kandahar in 1880, defeated Ayub Khan, and recognized Abdurrahman Khan as ameer. Various disputes arose regarding the boundary between Afghanistan and the Ru ian po e ions. The Ru ians seized Penjdeh in 1885, and war was narrowly averted. An Anglo-Ru ian commi ion arranged the delimitation of the northern frontier in 1886-87. Recent occurrences have been revolts of the