DISTILLATION

n. Dias-tial-a's hu3n. Lat.. destillatio. Fr., d. Ger., Destination. It., distill azione. Sp., destilacion. 1. The proce of vaporizing a body by the application of heat, and of condensing and collecting the volatilized products. The apparatus for this purpose (d., or distilling, apparatus; still) consists e entially of a closed ve el (retort) containing the substance to be vaporized and communicating bv a tube with a condenser. In the latter the volatilized products which come over from the heated retort are subjected to cold and thus condensed into a liquid or solid form. [B.] 2. As formerly employed, a liquid that exudes. Cold d. See D. in vacua. Destructive d. Fr., d. destructive. Ger., zerstorende Destination. D. attended with decomposition, so that the distillate contains bodies e entially different from the substance distilled. [B.] D. a feu nu (Fr.). A d. in which the retort is placed on a triangle directly over the fire, [a, 27.] D. a 1'alambic (Fr. ). D. through a retort. D. au bain de sable (Fr.). A d. in which the retort is placed on a sand-bath, [a, 27.] D. au bain-marie (Fr.). A d. in which the retort is placed on a water-bath. [B.] D. in vacuo. D. accomplished by connecting the receiver of the still with the vacuum chamber of an air-pump, so that le heat is required. [B, 5 (a, 27).] Dry d. Fr., d. sec he. Ger., trockene Des till at i on. It., distill azione secca. Sp., destilacion sec a. The d. of solid substances without the admixture of fluids, and conducted in a closed ve el so as to afford an incomplete sup_ply of air and hinder the proce es of combustion. fB.] Fractional d. Fr.. d. fractionee. Ger., fraklionirte Destination. It., distill azione frazionata. Sp., destilacion fractional. The proce of d. applied to a mixture of substances po e ing different degrees of volatility, and carried on within certain limits of temperature, so that the more volatile substances, distilling over first, can be separated from the le volatile. [B.] [s. 598]