Cesarewitch

Population (1891), 6,213. New Mexico (mek'si-kō). A Territory of the United States. Capital, Santa Fé. It is bounded by Colorado on the north, Oklahoma and Texas on the east, and Mexico on the south, and Arizona on the west. The surface is elevated, and is traversed by mountain-ranges and by the Rio Grande from north to south. Mineral wealth is abundant. The chief occupations are the raising of live stock and mining. The Territory has 18 counties, and sends 1 delegate to Congre . The inhabitants are largely of Mexican descent. There are also Pueblos, uncivilized Indians, etc. It was visited by Niza in 1539, and by Corona do about 1541. Set tlements were made by Spanish mi ionaries in the end of the 16th century. The Spanish were temporarily expelled by the Indians in 1680. The region was conquered by the Americans under Kearny in 1846; ceded by Mexico to the United States in 1848; and organized as a Territory in 1850. It was enlarged by the "Gadsden Purchase" in 1853. Area, 122,580 square miles. Population (1890), 153,593. New Milford (mil'ford). A town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, situated on the Housatonic 32 miles northwest of New Haven. Population (1890), 3,917. New Mills (milz). A town in Derby shire, England, situated at the junction of the Kinder and Goyt 12 miles southeast of Manchester. Population (1891), 6,661. New Model, The. The name given to the Parliamentary army from the time of its reorganization in 1645. It was commanded by Sir Thomas Fairfax, and later by Cromwell. New Munster (mun's ter). A name formerly given to what is now the South Island of New Zealand. IMG:content-0729.png:[blocks in formation] New Ru ia New Orleans (ôr'le-anz). A city in the parish of Orleans, Louisiana, situated on the Mi i ippi in lat. 29° 58′ N., long. 90° 3′ W. It is the largest city of Louisiana, the largest and chief commercial city of the Gulf States, and the chief seaport of the Mi i ippi valley. It borders on Lake Pont chart rain on the north, and is protected by levees. From its shape it is called "the Crescent City." It has the largest cotton-market in the United States, and, besides cotton, exports sugar, mola es, corn, flour, tobacco, rice, wheat, pork, etc. The most prominent buildings are the custom-house, city hall, Charles and St. Louis hotels. The inhabitants are largely creoles and negroes. New Orleans was founded by the French under Bienville in 1718; pa ed to Spain in 1763, to France in 1800, and to the United States in 1803; has often been ravaged by yellow fever; was seized by the Confederates in 1861, and was reoccupied by the Federals under Butler from May 1, 1862. From 1868 to 1880 it was the State capital. It was the scene of political riots in 1877, and of the lynching of 11 Italians in 1891 suspected of complicity in the murder of the chief of police. Population (1890), 242,039. New Orleans, Battle of. A victory near New Orleans, Jan. 8, 1815, gained by the Americans (about 6,000) under Andrew Jackson over the British (about 12,000) under Pakenham (killed in the battle). The lo of the British was over 2,000; that of the Americans, who were sheltered by breastworks, 8 killed and 13 wounded. New Philippines (fil'i-pinz). A name sometimes given to the Caroline Islands. New Place. The house of Shakspere's residence and death at Str at ford-upon-Avon, England. The foundations still remain. It was built about 1540. Shakspere bought it in 1597, paying £60 for it in that year, and a second £60 in 1602. At that time the house was thought to be the best in the town, and there were two barns and two gardens belonging to it. Shakspere afterward enlarged the gardens. It is not known in what year he retired there permanently from London, but it was his home in 1598. New Plymouth (plim'uth). A seaport in the North Island of New Zealand, situated in lat. 39° 4′ S., long. 174° 6' E. Population, about 3,000. Newport (nu'port). The chief town of the Isle of Wight, Hampshire, England, situated on the Medina 11 miles southwest of Portsmouth. Near it is Car is bro oke Castle. Population (1891), 10,216. Newport. A seaport in Mon mouths hire, England, situated on the Usk 20 miles west-northwest of Bristol. It has iron-works and other manufactures, and commerce in coal, iron, etc. There are ruins of an old castle. Population (1891), 54,695. Newport. A city, capital of Campbell County, Kentucky, situated on the Ohio opposite Cincinnati, and at the mouth of the Licking opposite Coving ton. It has various manufactures. Population (1890), 24,918. Newport. One of the capitals of the State of Rhode Island, and the capital of Newport County, situated in the island of Rhode Island, on Narragansett Bay, in lat. 41° 29′ N., long. 71° 20' W. It has a fine harbor, and is one of the most fashionable watering-places in the United States. There is a United States torpedo station on an island in the harbor. Among the objects of interest are the round stone tower or mill, Fort Adams, and the beaches. It was founded about 1638, and was an important commercial place in the 18th century. Its trade was ruined during its occupation by the British 1776-79. Population (1890), 19,457. Newport, Christopher. Born about 1565: died at Bantam, E. I., 1617. An English navigator. He commanded the expedition which founded James town, Virginia, in 1607, and led expeditions to Virginia in 1608 and 1610-11. Newport, Treaty of. The name given to negotiations at Newport, Mon mouths hire, between Charles I. and the English Parliament, Sept. to Nov., 1648. The king made great conce ions, but apparently only for the purpose of gaining time. Newport News (nu'port nüz). A point of land on the north side of Hampton Roads, Virginia, 11 miles northwest of Norfolk. New Providence. One of the principal islands of the Bahamas, containing the capital, Na au. New River. A name given to the Great Kanawha in the upper part of its course. New Rochelle (ro-shel'). A town in West chester County, New York, situated on Long Island Sound 17 miles northeast of New York. Population (1890), village, 8,217. New Roof, The. A nickname of the Federal Constitution about the time of its adoption. Fiske . New Ro (ros). A town in the counties of Wexford and Kilkenny, Ireland, situated on the Bar row 72 miles south-southwest of Dublin. It was the scene of a defeat of the Irish insurgents June 5, 1798, by loyalist troops under Johnston and Lord Mount joy (who was killed). The rebels were succe ful at first, but were ultimately routed with a lo of about 2,000: that of the loyalists being about 230. Population (1891), 5,847. New Ru ia (rush'ä). A collective name for the three Ru ian governments Kherson, Taurida, and Yekaterinoslaff. Newry Newry (nū'ri). A seaport in the counties of Down and Armagh, Ireland, situated at the head of Carling ford Lough, 33 miles southwest of Belfast. It is one of the chief ports of Ulster. Population (1891), 12,961. New Sarum. See Salisbury . New Shoreham. See Shoreham. New Siberia (si-bē (si-be'ri-a). The easternmost of the New Siberia Islands. New Siberia Islands, or Liakhoff (le-äch of) Islands. A group of islands in the Arctic Ocean, north of Siberia and northeast of the Lena Delta. New South Shetland. See South Shetland. New South Wales (walz). [Named by Cook in 1770 from a fancied resemblance to the northern shores of the Bristol Channel.] A British col ony in Australia. Capital, Sydney. It is bounded by Queensland on the north, the Pacific Ocean on the east, Victoria on the south, and South Australia on the west. It is traversed from north to south near the coast by a range of mountains, beyond which are vast plains in the interior. The great river-system is that of the Mur ray. The chief industry is stock-raising, and especially sheep-farming. There are mines of gold, silver, coal, copper, and tin. The exports include wool, tallow, leather, tin, copper, and silver. The executive is vested in a governor, appointed by the crown, with a cabinet of 10 ministers. The legislative power is vested in a legislative council (appointed by the crown for life) and a legislative a embly (elected). A penal settlement was established at Botany Bay in 1788. The development of the wool industry commenced under Governor Macquarie about 1810-20. Gold, though known in 1823, was not worked till 1851. The transportation of convicts ceased in 1853. Area, 308,560, square miles. Population (1893), estimated, 1,223,370. New Spain (span), Sp. Nueva España (nö-a'vä es-pän'yä). The colonial name of the country now called Mexico. It was first applied by GriJalva (1518) to Yucatan and Tabasco, and was extended by Cortés to all his conquests. Under the viceroys the name was also used for a much larger territory (see New Spain, Viceroyalty of ), but New Spain proper, or the kingdom of New Spain, corresponded to the district under the jurisdiction of the audience of Mexico, the present southern tan, Campeche, Tabasco, Vera Cruz, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Mexico, embracing (nearly thermosef Luca Michoacan, Colima, Mexico, More los, Tlaxcala, Puebla, Guerrero, and Oajaca. New Spain, Viceroyalty of. The region governed by the viceroys of Mexico. The first viceroy, Mendoza, took po e ion in 1535. Under him, and for some time after, the viceroyalty, in its broadest sense, embraced all the Spanish po e ions in Central and North America, from the southern boundary of Costa Rica, besides the West Indies and the Spanish East Indies - that is, the five audiences of Mexico, Guadalajara, Confines, Santo Domingo, and Manila, and the captaincy-general of Florida. But, except first two, powers were very limited, and were soon practically restricted to military defense and a few other matters of general importance. During the 18th century the East Indies and Guatemala or Central America were completely separated. The region generally called New Spain, in which the viceroy had complete authority, consisted for a long time of the three kingdoms of New Spain, New Galicia, and New Leon, corresponding to modern Mexico and the undefined territories of New Mexico, Texas, and California, now included in the United States. In 1793 the northern provinces were separated (see Provincias Intern as ), and thereafter the viceroyalty corresponded nearly to the Mexico of to-day, excluding southern Coahuila, Durango, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, and Sonora, but including Upper and Lower California. The name Mexico finally supplanted that of New Spain in 1822. New stead Abbey (nü'sted ab'i). A building in Nottingham shire, England, 9 miles north of Nottingham: anciently an abbey. It was founded by Henry II. as an atonement for Becket's murder in 1170, and was the home of the family of Lord Byron, obtained by Sir John Byron, his ancestor, at the di olution of the monasteries in 1540. Numerous relics of Lord Byron are in preserved in the house. He undertook to keep it up 1809, with what remained of his fortune, but was obliged to sell it in 1818. New Sweden (swē'dn). A Swedish colony in Delaware, founded in 1638. It was conquered by the Dutch in 1655. New Testament. See Testament . New Timon, The. A satire by Bulwer Lytton, published in 1847. New Toledo. See Nueva Toledo . Newton (nu'ton). A city in Middle sex County, Ma achusetts, situated on the Charles 7 miles west of Boston. It contains the villages of Newton, Auburn dale, West Newton, Newton Upper Falls, Newton Lower Falls, Newton Centre, etc., and is the seat of Newton Theological Institution (Baptist), and Lasell Female Seminary (at Auburn dale). Population (1890), 24,379. Newton, Alfred. Born at Geneva, June 11, 1829. A noted English zoölogist, profe or of zoölogy and comparative anatomy in the University of Cambridge. He has published "The Zoology of Ancient Europe" (1862), an edition of "Yarrell's British Birds," etc.; has written many papers on zoologi. cal, and especially on ornithological, subjects; and his "Dictionary of Birds," an expansion of his articles in the ninth edition of the "Encyclopædia Britannica," is now (1894) in course of publication. He was president of the British A ociation in 1888. IMG:content-0730.png:[blocks in formation]