They are semi-civilized and semi-Christian i zed

The cli mate is very insalubrious. New Calabar is a branch of the Niger; also a town near its mouth. Calabozo (kä-la-botho). A city in the state of Miranda, Venezuela, situated on the river Guarico. It was founded in 1730, and during the Venezuelan revolution was a central post of the royalist Boves. It is the seat of a bishopric. Population (1893), about 6,000. Caithne (kath'nes). A county in northern Scotland, lying between the Atlantic Ocean and Pentland Firth on the north, the North Sea on the east and southeast, and Sutherland Calabria (ka-la'bri-ä). The name given until on the west. The surface is chiefly level. The chief towns are Thurso and Wick. Area, 686 square miles. Population (1891), 37,177. Caius (kā'yus), or Gaius (gā'yus). Lived in the first part of the 3d century A. D. A Christian controversialist. Caius (kā'yus), or Gaius (gā'yus), Saint. Born in Dalmatia: died April 22, 296. Bishop of Rome 283-296. The Roman Church commemorates his death on April 22. Caius. The a umed name of Kent in Shakspere's "King Lear." Caius, Dr. A French doctor in Shakspere's "Merry Wives of Windsor.” Caius (kēz) (probably Latinized from Kay or Keye), John. Born at Norwich, England, Oct. 6, 1510: died at London, July 29, 1573. An eminent English physician and scholar, founder of Caius College at Cambridge in 1558. Caius Cestius (kā'yus ses'ti-us), Pyramid of. A ma ive sepulchral monument of brick and stone, at Rome, 114 feet high, incrusted with white marble. Each side of the base measures 90 feet. The small burial-chamber is painted with arabesques. The pyramid is of the time of August us. Caius (kez) College. See Gonville and Caius College . Caius Gracchus (kā'yus grak'us). A tragedy by J. Sheridan Knowles, produced in 1815 at He afterward revised it, and it was brought Belfast. out by Mac ready at Covent Garden in 1823. Cajamarca, or Caxamarca (kä-Hä-märkä). A department of northern Peru, bordering on Ecuador. It is occupied almost wholly by the Cordilleras. Area, 14,188 square miles. Population (1876), 213,391. Cajamarca, or Caxamarca. A city of Peru, the capital of the province and department of the same name. It was an ancient Indian city of the Incas. In 1532 it probably had about 10,000 inhabitants. The Incas had erected baths near it, and it was of their favorite resorts. Here Atahualpa had his headquarters during the war with Huascar, 1530-32; here he was seized by Pizarro Nov. 16, 1532, and executed Aug. 29, 1533. Popu lati on (1889), 12,000. Cajetan (kaj'e-tan), or Cajetanus (kaj-e-ta'nus) (Tommaso de Vio). Born at Gaeta, Italy, Feb. 20, 1469: died at Rome, Aug. 9, 1534. An Italian cardinal and scholar, a papal legate at Augsburg in 1518. He summoned Luther before his tribunal. He became bishop of Gaeta (Cajeta, whence his surname) in 1519. Cajigal (kä-he-gäl' or kä-He-gäl'), Juan Manuel. Born at Cadiz, 1757: died at Guanabacoa, Cuba, Nov. 26, 1823. A Spanish general, nephew of General Cajigal y Mon serrate. From 1799 he was stationed in Venezuela, where he acted against the revo lutionists, 1810-16, and was acting captain-general from 1813. He was defeated by Bolivar at Carabobo, May 28, ga), 1814, but contributed to the succe es of the royalists in 1815. Recalled to Spain in 1816, he was made lieutenant general. From Aug., 1819, to March, 1821, he was captain general of Cuba during a period of great disorder. Cajigal de la Vega (kä-He-gal' da la vag a), Francisco Antonio, Marquis of Casa-Cajigal. Born at Santander, Feb. 5, 1695: died there, April 30, 1777. A Spanish general and administrator. He was military commandant of Caracas, gov in Cairo. Tombs the Califs , called, of in Arabic architecture for their angularly pointed stone domes covered with geometric ornament in relief, with small windows in the low drum; for their windows, consisting of a group of two or three slender round-headed arches surmounted by one or three circular openings arranged Pyramidally; and for the fine, ma ive pointed arches usual in the lowest story. Some of them show incrustations of the beautiful colored porcelain tiles for which the older Arabic monuments of Cairo are famous. Tombs of the Mamelukes, so called, an extensive group of mosque tombs on the southeast side of the city. They belong to the period of the Baharite sultans, and though ruinous are architecturally notable for their fine masonry and beautiful fluted or chevroned pointed domes, and for their graceful polygonal minarets, which rise in rece ed stages. Mosque of Amru , the oldest mosque in Egypt (founded 643 4. D.), and a remarkable Mohammedan monument. The inclosure is 350 feet square, with exterior walls of brick. The entrance is on the west: here a single range of arcades ern or of Santiago de Cuba 1738-54, and of Havana 1747-60. For his defense against Lord Vernon's English fleet (July 1, 1741) he was made brigadier, and subsequently field about the time of the Norman conquest in the 11th century to the southeastern part of Italy (the heel). Calabria. The name given in the later middle ages and in modern times to the southwestern part of Italy (the toe). It comprises the provinces Cosenza, Catanzaro, and Reggio. The surface is mountainous. Cal act in us. See Cæcilius . Calah (kā'läh). In Gen. x. 10, 12, a place mentioned as one of the four cities founded by Asur, the ancestor of the A yrians. It is the A yrian city called in the inscriptions Kalhu, now represented by the ruins of Nimrud, about 20 miles north of the ruins of Nineveh (Kuyunjik), situated on an irregular wedge of land formed by the Tigris and the Upper Zab. According to the A yrian monuments it was founded by Shalmaneser I. about 1300 в. с. His succe ors abandoned it for Nineveh. A sur nazir pal (884-860) rebuilt it and erected a royal palace in it, known as the northwest pal ace; ; others were built by his succe ors. The last A yrian king, Asur-etil-ilani-ukinni, also built a palace there. Calahorra (kä-lä-or'rä), Celtiberian Calagurris Na ica. A town in the province of Logroño, Spain, situated on the Cidaco, near the Ebro, in lat. 42° 16′ N., long. 2° 4′ W. It is noted for its resistance in the Sertorian war, 72 B. C., and as the birthplace of Quintilian and (probably) of Prudent i us. It has a cathedral. Population (1887), 8,821. Calais (kal'is; F. pron. kä-lā'). [Formerly spelled Call is ; ME. Caleys , Kalays , from OF. Caleis , Calais (F. Calais ), ML. Calesium .] A seaport in the department of Pas-de-Calais, France, situated on the narrowest part of the Strait of Dover, in lat. 50° 57′ N., long. 1° 51′ E. It is a strong fortre , and a center of pa enger traffic between England and the Continent, and is on the great railway and packet route between London and Paris. It has a good harbor, and trade in timber, etc. Its commercial and manufacturing portion (annexed in 1885) is St.-Pierre-lès-Calais. Calais was taken by Edward III., after a celebrated siege, in 1347, and retaken by the Duke of Guise in 1558. The Spaniards held it 1596-98. Louis XVIII. landed there in 1814 Population (1901), 59,793. Calais (kal'is). A city and seaport in Washington County, Maine, situated on the St. Croix River in lat. 45° 11′ N., long. 67° 17′ W. Its chief industry is the lumber trade. Population (1900), 7,655. Cal a matt a (kä-lä-mättä), Louis. Born at Civita Vecchia, Italy, July 12, 1802: died at Milan, March 8, 1869. A French engraver. Calame (kä-läm'), Alexandre. Born at Vevay, Switzerland, May 28, 1810: died at Mentone, France, March 17, 1864. A Swi landscape painter, noted for representations of Alpine scenery and of the ruins of Pæstum. Calami anes (kä-lä-mē-ä'nes). A group of islands in the Philippine Archipelago, about lat. 12° N., long. 120° E. With the northern part of Palawan they form the province of Calami anes. Area, 1,332 square miles. Calamities of Authors. A work by I. D'Israeli, IMG:content-0299.png:[blocks in formation] Calancha tor of the College of San Ildefonso at Lima, and held various offices. His "Cronica Moralizada del Orden de San Agustin en el Peru" (Barcelona, 1638) gives much information on the history and ethnology South America. Calandrino (kä-län-dre'no). The subject of a story in Boccaccio's "Decameron." He is very Calantha (ka-lan′thä). In Ford's tragedy "The Broken Heart," the daughter of Amyclas, the king of Laconia. She drops dead of a broken heart after an extraordinary scene in a ball-room during which, with apparent calm and while contiruing her dance, she listens to the announcement of the deaths, one after another, of her father, lover, and brother. unfortunate and very amusing. Calapooya (kal-a-pö'yä). A division of the Kalapooian stock of North American Indians, embracing a number of bands, formerly on the anatomist. His chief works are "Icones an a to mice" (1801-14), "Explicatio iconum anatomic arum" (1802-14). Caldara (käl-dä'rä), Antonio. Born at Venice, 1678: died at Venice, Dec. 28, 1763. An Italian composer of operas and oratorios. Caldara, Polidoro, surnamed da Caravaggio, Born at Caravaggio, near Milan, about 1495: killed at Me ina, 1543. An Italian painter, a pupil of Raphael. Caldas (käl däs), Francisco José de. Born at Popayan, Colombia, 1771: died at Bogotá, Oct. 29, 1816. A Colombian naturalist. He made important studies in botany and geography, traveling for some time with Humboldt and Bonpland. In 1805 he was made director of the observatory at Bogotá. When the revolution of 1810 broke out he became chief of engineers in the patriot army, but was not actively engaged in the field. watershed between the Willamette and Ump- Spaniards captured him in 1816, and he was shot. qua rivers, in Oregon. They are now on Grande Ronde reservation. They numbered 22 in 1890. Also Cal ipoa, Callahpoewah, Call a pipa, Call a pooh a , Cathlapooya, Collappohyea , Kalapooyah , Kallapuya . Calas (kä-läs' or kä-lä'), Jean. Born at Lacaparède, Langue doc, France, March 19, 1698: broken on the wheel at Toulouse, France, March 9, 1762. A French Protestant merchant at Toulouse, a victim of religious fanaticism. He was judicially murdered on the basele charge of having put his eldest son (a suicide) to death to prevent him from becoming a Roman Catholic. Calatafimi (kä-lä-tä-fē'mē). A town in western Sicily, situated 32 miles southwest of Palermo. The ruins of the ancient Segesta are in the vicinity. Near here, May 15, 1860, Garibaldi with about 2,000 men defeated 3,600 Neapolitans under Landi. The town was taken, April 22, 838, by the Saracens who gave it its name (Kalât-al-fimi). Population (1881), 10,419. Calatayud (kä-lä-tä-yörn'). A town in the province of Sarago a, Spain, situated on the river Jalon in lat. 41° 23′ N., long. 1° 41′ W. It was built by Moors in the 8th century, and is in the center of a noted hemp district. It is near the ancient Bilbilis (the birthplace of Martial), and has a castle. Population (1887), 11,055. Calatrava la Vieja (kä-lä-trävä lä vē-ā'Hä), or Old Calatrava. A ruined city of New Castile, Spain, situated on the Guadiana north of Ciudad Real. It was an important medieval for tre , and seat of the Calatrava Order Knights, founded in the 12th century for the defense of the frontier against the Moors (it became an order of merit in 1808). Calaveras (kal-a-varas) Grove. The northernmost grove of the Californian big trees, reached from Stock ton. It contains about one hundred large trees, among them the "Mother of the Forest," 315 feet in height and 61 in girth. Calaynos (kä-li'nos). A tragedy by George H. Boker, produced in England in 1848, and revived in America by Barrett in 1883. Calaynos, the Moor. One of the oldest Spanish ballads, in which the French paladins appear a ociated with various fabulous Spanish heroes. Calcasieu (käl'ka-shū). A river in western Louisiana which flows through Lake Calcasieu into the Gulf of Mexico, in lat. 29° 46′ N., long. 93° 20′ W. Length, about 200 miles. Calhoun The Century Cyclopedia of Names "Mejor Esta que Estaba" ("'T is Better than it Was"), "Peor Esta que Estaba" (""T is Worse than it Was"), and "Astrologo Fingido" ("The Mock Astrologer"). Dryden used this last in his "An Evening's Love, or The Mock Astrologer." Among his plays are "El Magico Prodigioso" ("The Wonder-working Magician"), "La Devocion de la Cruz" ("The Devotion of the Cro "), "El Principe Con- stante" ("The Constant Prince"), "Vida es Sueño" ("Life is a Dream"), "El Mayor Encanto Amor" ("No Magic like Love"), "Las Armas de la Hermosura" ("The Weapons of Beauty"), and many others. Calderon, Bridge of. See Puente de Calderon . Cal der wood Cal der wood (kâl'der-wud), David. Born, Caldas Barboza (käl däs bär-bo mingos. Born at Rio de Janeiro about 1740: died near Lisbon, Portugal, Nov. 9, 1800. A Brazilian poet. He was a mulatto, the illegitimate child of a Portuguese and of a slave woman from Africa. Over two hundred of his lyrics are extant. Caldeira Brant Pontes (käl-dā'rä bränt pon'tās), Felisberto, Marquis of Barbacena. Born near Marianna, Minas Geraes, Sept. 19, 1772: died at Rio de Janeiro, June 13, 1841. A Brazilian soldier and statesman. In 1823 he was a member of the constituent a embly; in 1826 was chosen senator; in Jan., 1827, a umed command of the Brazil ian army in Uruguay, but was defeated at the battle of Ituzaingó, Feb. 20, 1827, and soon after relieved; in 1828 accompanied the young Queen of Portugal, Maria II., to Europe, and defended her rights there with great decision and skill; and from Dec., 1829, to Oct., 1830, was prime minister. Calder (kal'der). A river in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, which joins the Aire at Castle ford, 9 miles southeast of Leeds. Length, about 40 miles. Calder, Sir Robert. Born at Elgin, Scotland, July 2, 1745 (O. S.): died at Holt, Hampshire, England, Aug. 31, 1818. A British admiral. He served with distinction as captain of the fleet at Cape St. Vincent in 1797, and commanded against Villeneuve in the summer of 1805. probably at Dalkeith, Scotland, 1575: died at Jedburgh, Scotland, Oct. 29, 1650. A Scottish clergyman and church historian. His chief works are "The Altar of Damascus" (1621: also in Latin, 1623), "History of the Kirk of Scotland" (1678). Caldiero (käl-de-ārō). A village in northern Italy, 8 miles east of Verona. Here, Nov. 12, 1796, Oct. 29-31, 1805, the archduke Charles of Austria repulsed Ma éna. Caldwell (kâld'wel), Joseph. Born at Lamington, N. J., April 21, 1773: died at Chapel Hill, N. C., Jan. 27, 1835. An American clergyman and educator. He became president of the University of North Carolina in 1804. Caldwell. A town and summer resort in eastern New York, situated at the southern end of Lake George, 53 miles north of Albany. Forts Austrians under Alvinczy repulsed Napoleon, and George and William Henry were situated here in the 18th century. Caleb (kā'leb). [Heb.; of uncertain meaning. See the extract below.] A Hebrew leader at the time of the conquest of Canaan. He was one of those who were sent as spies into the land of Canaan. Often, with names of this kind, El was omitted, Irham being used instead of Irhamel ; Caleb instead of Calbel . This last name, singular as it is, need not create any sur buting-point ing the faithful attachment of a tribe the which it had devoted itself.