Carbonade, Carbonado

( Cooking.) The flesh of animals, fowls, ., cut and scored acro , and broiled on live coals. "If I come in his way willingly, let him make a carbonado of me."-Shaks. Carbonari, ( kar - bon -ā're,) n. pl. [It., "charcoal-burners."] ( Hist .) The name given to a secret political a ociation, formed in Italy at the commencement of the present century, its profe ed aim being the reorganization and reform of the government of that country. Members of all cla es were found in its ranks. In 1814, they formed a plan, subsequently abandoned, of creating a revolution in Naples. In 1820, a constitution was proclaimed at Nola. The same thing occurred at Naples and other places. Ferdinand I. of Naples made conce ions; the forces of the C. under General Pepe entered his capital July 9, and the king swore to observe the new constitution on the 13th. The emperors of Austria and Ru ia, and the Prince of Pru ia, met at Troppau, in October, and invited Ferdinand to meet them at Laybach, to which town the Congre was transferred in January, 1821, where measures were determined for an armed interference for the suppre ion of the revolution. The Austrians entered Italy early in 1821, Naples capitulated March 20, and the revolutionary parliament was closed 4 days afterwards. By an ordinance dated April 10, any person attending the meetings of the C. was to be punished capitally. The society, however, continued to exist, and spreading through France, caused insurrections at Rochelle, Colmar, Toulon, and Marseilles, in 1821, and its influences are supposed to have contributed to the revolution of 1848 in France and Germany. The numerous outbreaks that have occurred in the Italian peninsula since 1821, may be all traced, directly or indirectly, to the machinations of the C. Carbonarism is still in existence in Italy, or at least was so down to very recent times. - The Caldera i i , "tinkers or braziers who use the coals," was the name given to a loyal society opposed to the C. Carbonarism, n . The political principles of the Carbonari.