lunch counter

A counter in an eating-house upon which meals are served. lunch, v. i. [LUNCH, 8.] To take a lunch or luncheon. IMG:content-0772.png:[blocks in formation] (1) An arched aperture in the side of a long vault, and having a le height than the pitch. (2) A semicircular aperture in a concave ceiling. (3) An opening in the roof of a house. 3. Farriery : A horseshoe having only the front, curved portion, lacking the branches. 4. Gla making : The flue connecting the fire chamber with the pot-chamber of a gla -furnace. 5. Fort .: A half-moon; a detached work present ing a salient angle toward the enemy, and flanks IMG:content-0773.jpg:[blocks in formation] I. Ordinary Language : 1. In the same sense as II. 2. ( Pl.): A person having a strong voice. chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this; lung *3. ( Pl .): A servant who blew the fire for an alchemist. "That is his fire-drake, His lungs , his zephyr us, he that puffs his coals." Ben Jonson: Alchemist , ii. II. Anatomy (Pl.): 1. Human : The organs of respiration, on each side of the chest, conical, and separated from each other by the heart in front and a membranous partition, the Mediastinum. Externally they are convex, to correspond with the chest walls, and internally concave to receive the heart; above they terminate in a tapering cone and below in a broad concavity resting on the diaphragm. In color they are mottled, pinkish-gray, speckled with black. Each is divided into two lobes, separated by a deep IMG:content-0774.png:[graphic] Anatomy of the Lungs and Heart. 1. The right ventricle; the ve els to the left of the number are the middle coronary artery and veins, and those to its right the anterior coronary artery and veins. 2. The left ventricle. 3. The right auricle. 4. The left auricle. 5. The pulmonary artery. 6. The right pulmonary artery. 7. The left pulmonary artery. 8. The remains of the duct us arteriosus. 9. The arch of the aorta. 10. The superior vena cava. 11. The arteria in no min at a, and in front of it the right vena in no min at a. 12. The right subclavian vein, and, behind it, its corresponding artery. 13. The right common carotid artery and vein. 14. The left vena in no min at a. 15. The carotid artery and vein. 16. The left subclavian vein and artery. 17. The trachea. 18. The right bronchus. 19. The left bronchus. 20, 20. The pulmonary veins; 18, 20, form the root of the right lung, and 7, 19, 20, the root of the left. 21. The superior lobe of the right lung. 22. Its middle lobe. 23. Its inferior lobe. 24. The superior lobe of the left lung. 25. Its inferior lobe. on fi ure, and the right lung has a third lobe above of triangular shape; the right is also larger account of the heart lying toward the left side. The lungs are kept in position by their roots, composed of the bronchi, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary veins; the right side presents the bronchus above, then the artery, then the veins; but on the left side we find the bronchus between the artery and the veins. Each lung is inclosed in a serous membrane, the pleura, which extends to its root, and is then expanded on the chest wall. The lungs are composed of minute ramifications of the bronchial tubes, terminating in intercellular pa ages and quadrilateral or hexagonal air-cells, along with ramifications of the pulmonary artery and veins, bronchial arteries and veins, lymphatics and nerves, the whole bound together by areolo-fibrous ti ue constituting the parenchyma of the lungs. [PHYSIOLOGY, RESPIRATION.] 2. Compar . Anat .: In the lowest and simplest forms of animal life (aquatic), we find no trace of respiratory organs, the interchange between the layer of water with the aerating surface being effected by the general movement of the body, or by cilia (q. v.). In most of the Mollusca we find gills in the place of lungs, except in the terrestrial species, as the snail or slug, where we have a lung which is a simple cavity in the back communicating directly with the air, and covered with minute blood-ve els; in bivalve mollusks again, as in the oyster, it is the internal surface of the mantle or skin-lining which is the special organ, with the same e ential structure asgills. In the Articulata, as tapeworm, marine worms, Crustacea, as the crab tribe, we find a somewhat similar arrangement to that of the Mollusca, but in insects, and other proper air-breathing Articulata, we have a regular series of air-sacs along each side of the body, opening by pores, called spiracles or stigmata, so in the spider-tribe, but in a more concentrated form, and more resembling the lung of the Vertebrata. The gills of fishes come next in the scale, accompanied in many cases with an air-bladder, especially in those approaching the Reptilia in their organization, and in some of these it is a double sac, the analogue of the double lung. The lungs of the Reptiles are, for the most part, capacious sacs occupying a good deal of the trunk cavity, but not sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f. IMG:content-0775.jpg:[graphic] filled, like those of the Mammal i a, by an act of inspiration, but chiefly by the proce of swallow ing. In Birds we have the connecting link between the types of structure in the two cla es. 3. Pathol.: There are various diseases of the lungs; two of the most important are tubercular phthisis and pneumonia. (1) Lungs of London : The parks. Brewer considers that the first use of the term was by Windham, in a parliamentary debate on Jan. 30, 1808, regarding encroachments on Hyde Park. (2) Lungs of the Oak: Bot.: [LUNGWORT.] 2580 name dihydrite; for the compound, Cu5P2H6O13, the name chlite; and for Cu6P2H6014, that of phos phorocalcite. He regards the ma ive forms as mixtures of the three crystalline varieties.