Royer

(Clemence Auguste), French authore , b. Nantes, 24 April, 1830, of Catholic royalist family. Visiting England in ’54, she studied our language and literature. Going to Switzerland, in ’59 she opened at Lausanne a course of logic and philosophy for women. In ’60 she shared with Proudhon in a prize competition on the subject of taxation. In ’62 she translated Darwin’s Origin of Species , with a bold preface and notes. In ’64 her philosophical romance The Twins of Hellas appeared at Bru els, and was interdicted in France. Her ablest work is on The Origin of Man and of Societies , ’69. In this she states the scientific view of human evolution, and challenges the Christian creed. This was followed by many memoirs, Pre-historic Funeral Rites , ’76; Two Hypotheses of Heredity , ’77; The Good and the Moral Law , ’81. Mdlle. Royer has contributed to the Revue Moderne , Revue de Philosophie , Positive , Revue d’An thro polo gie , etc., and has a isted and spoken at many political, social, and scientific meetings. Rüdt (P. A.), Ph. D., German lecturer and “apostle of unbelief,” b. Mannheim, 8 Dec. 1844. Educated at Mannheim and Carlsruhe, he studied philosophy, philology, and jurisprudence at Heidelberg University, ’65–69. Dr. Rüdt became acquainted with La alle, and started a paper, Die Waffe , and in ’70 was imprisoned for participation in social democratic agitation. From ’74 to ’86 he lived in St. Petersburg as teacher, and has since devoted himself to Free thought propaganda. Several of his addre es have been published.