GOEBEN

and BRESLAU. At the outbreak of the World War these Ger. 640 tons,ften 11-in. guns, 28 knots, and Breslau, light cruiser, 4,281 tons, twelve 4-in. guns, 25 knots—were in the Mediterranean; on Aug. 4, 1914, they bombarded Philippeville and Bona on the Fr. African coast; arrived at Me ina (Aug. 5); escaping the Allied fleet, entered the Dardanelles (Aug. 10), and were nominally sold to Turkey (Aug. 13). Rechristened respectively Sultan Selim and Midilli, they took part in several naval actions in the Black Sea. The former was ultimately disabled by striking a mine near the Bosporus, but was repaired by a lining of cement. On Jan. 20, 1918, they sallied out from the Dardanelles and sank the Brit. monitor Raglan. Breslau was driven into a minefield and sunk; Goeben was damaged and beached at Nagara Point and was bombed by Brit. aircraft, but on June 27 was refloated and taken to Constantinople, being surrendered to the Allies after the Turk. armistice (Oct. 1918). uguese historian; keeper of archives and royal chronicler, 1548; wrote history of reign of King Manuel, but owing to its truth work condemned and compulsorily revised; G. tried and imprisoned by Inquisition on slight charges; an able and honest historian. TON (1858); American army officer and engineer; 6. Brooklyn, N. Y. He studied at the College of the City of New York and in 1880 graduated from the United States Military Academy, entering the service in the same year as second lieutenant of engineers. In May 1898 he had risen to the rank of chief engineer of the volunteer forces. He left the volunteer service in the latter part of that year; became major of the engineer corps in 1900; studied at the Army War College, from which he graduated in 1905, and was made major-general in 1915. During his army service, from which he retired in 1916, he was identified with many important engineering works, but his enduring fame was gained as chief engineer in the construction of the Panama Canal (1907-14). In the latter year he was made first civil governor of the Canal Zone. In the World War he served as general manager of the Emergency Fleet Corporation and also as quartermaster-general and member of the General Staff. In 1923 he was appointed Fuel Administrator for New York State during the coal shortage crisis.