Chi-li, Gulf of

See Pe - chi - li. Childebert II. Born 570: died 596. Son of Sigebert I. of Austrasia by the West-Gothic Chili an wall a. See Chilli an wall a . prince Brunehaut. Having remained under the regency of his mother, 575-585, he attempted, on reaching his majority, to deprive the young son of Fredegunde of Neustria, Clothaire II., of his kingdom, but was himself signally defeated by Fredegunde. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (child har'oldz pil'gri-maj). A poem by Lord Byron, of which the first and second cantos were published in 1811, the third in 1816, and the fourth in 1817. Child eric (chil'de-rik; F. pron. shēl-de-rēk ́) I. Died 481. Father of Clovis, and Frankish king from about 458. He sustained friendly relations with the Romans, who a isted him against the West Goths, the Alamanni, and the Saxons. His tomb was discovered at Tournai in 1653, and contained, among other things, his seal-ring and a number of gold bees, which latter had presumably served to ornament his mantle, and which to Napoleon adoption of the bee as an imperial emblem. Childe Roland. See Roland . Childers, See Flying Childers . Childers, Hugh Culling Eardley. Born at London, June 25, 1827: died Jan. 29, 1896. An English politician. He was first lord of the admiralty retary for war 1880-82, chancellor of the exchequer 1882- chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster 1872-73, sec 1885, and home secretary in 1886. Childers (chil'derz), Robert Cæsar. Born 1838: died July 25, 1876. An English Orientalist, author of "Pali-English Dictionary" (1875), etc. Child of Nature, The. A play by Mrs. Inchbald, produced at Covent Garden Nov. 28, 1788. It is taken from Madame de Genlis. Child of the Sea. The legendary Amadis de Gaul, who, being illegitimate, was set adrift upon the sea in his cradle by his mother to hide her shame. Children (children), John George. Born at Tun bridge, England, May 18, 1777: died at Halstead Place, Kent, Jan. 1, 1852. An English physicist and naturalist, best known for his experiments in electricity. He was a secretary of Royal Society 1826-27 and 1830-37, and was librarian in the department of antiquities in the British Museum 1816-40. Children in the Wood, or Babes in the Wood. An old English ballad, of unknown authorship, preserved in Ritson's, Percy's, and other col- lections. The ballad was entered in the "Stationers' Register" in 1595. In 1601 a play was published "of a young child murthered in a wood by two ruffins with the consent of his unkle." The plot of this play was undoubt edly derived from the Italian, and the ballad may have been produced from the same source. Child. Children of the Mist. A band of Highland outlaws in Scott's "Legend of Montrose." There is a famous picture with this title by Landseer. Childs (childz), George William. Born at Baltimore, Md., May 12, 1829: died at Phila- delphia, Feb. 3, 1894. An American publisher and philanthropist. Publisher of the "Public Ledger" in Philadelphia 1864-94. Chile (chil'e; Sp. pron. chē'li), or Chili (chil'i). [Probably from the Quichua chiri , cold.] A republic of South America, capital Santiago, lying between Peru on the north, Bolivia and the Argentine Republic on the east, and the Pacific Ocean on the south and west. It has 23 provinces: Aconcagua, Ant of agast a, Arauco, Atacama, Biobio, Cautin, Chiloe, Colchagua, Concepcion, Coquimbo, Curicó, Linares, Llanquihue, Malleco, Maule, Nuble, O'Higgins, Santiago, Tacna, Talca, Tarapacá, Valdivia, and Val para i so, and one territory, Mag all anes. It lies between the crest of the Andes on the east and the Paci fic on the west; in the northern part portions east of the western Andes are included. The mountains ram- ify, connecting with a lower coast-chain, and includ- ing extensive plains and valleys. It exports niter, copper, silver, wool, wheat, etc. The government is a republic under a president and Congre (Senate and Chamber of Deputies). The prevailing religion is Roman Catholic. The language is Spanish, and the inhabitants are chiefly of Spanish descent. The name Chile was vas applied by the natives only to the valley of Aconcagua, including Qui lota: it was extended by the Spaniards to all their con century the government of Chile included considerable tracts east of the Andes. After the revolution conquests were extended south into Patagonia, and by treaty with Argentina the region was divided between the two coun- tries, the boundary being the Andes. Chile acquired Atacama and a portion of southern Peru by the war of 1879-83, waged against Peru and Bolivia. It was invaded by Almagro in 1535; and was first settled by Valdivia in 1541. Long wars with the Araucanians followed. Independence was finally declared Feb. 12, 1818. Area, 200,829 square miles. Population (1895), 2,712,145. Chi-li (che-lē). A province of northern China, lying between Mongolia on the north, the Gulf of Chi-li and Shan-tung on the east, Shan-tung and Ho-nan on the south, ith, and Shan-si on the west. Chief cities, Peking, Tientsin. Area, Chilka (chil'kä), Lake. A lagoon of India, in Ori a, near the Bay of Bengal. Chillan (chel-yän'). The capital of the province of Nuble, Chile, about lat. 36° 35' S., long. 72° 10' W. There are mineral springs in the vicinity. Population (1892) about 25,000. Chilli an wall a, or Chili an wall a (chili-anwal'a). A town in the Panjab, British India, near the river Jhelum, in lat. 32° 45′ N., long. 73°35′ E. Here, Jan., 1849, a battle occurred between the British army (about 15,000), under Lord Gough, and the Sikhs (about 23,000). It was technically a British victory. Lo of the British force, 2,400. Chilli cot he (chil-i-koth'e). A city and the county-seat of Ro County, southern Ohio, situated on the Scioto 45 miles south of Columbus. It was the State capital until 1810. Population (1900), 12,976. Chilling ham (chil'ing-am). A village in the northern part of North umber land, England, 11 miles northwest of Alnwick. Chilling worth (chil'ing-werth), Roger. The injured and malicious husband of Hester Prynne in Hawthorne's romance "The Scar let Letter." Chilling worth, William. Born at Oxford, England, Oct., 1602: died at Chi chester, England, Jan. 30, 1644. A noted English divine and controversialist. He was graduated at Oxford (B. A. 1620), became a fellow of Trinity College 1628, was converted to Romanism about 1630, returned to Protestant ism 1634, was made a chancellor of Salisbury 1638, and became a member of the Royalist army. He was captured by Waller at Arundel Castle, Dec. 9, 1643. The most famous of his works is "The Religion of Protestants, a Safe Way to Salvation, etc." (1637). Chillip (chil'ip), Mr. A mild and gentle little doctor who attended Mrs. Copper field, in Charles Dickens's "David Copper field." Chillon (shē-yôn'). A castle in Vaud, Switzer phaon and Echidna), having the fore part that of a lion, the middle that of a goat, and the hind part that of a dragon: also represented as having dragon's. three heads a lion's, a goat's, and a was often shown in art as having a goat's head in the middle of the back and a dragon's head at the end of the tail. It dwelt in Lycia, and was slain by Bellerophon. Chimakuan (chim-ä-kö'an). A linguistic stock of North American Indians, embracing the Chimakum (from which it is named) and Quileute tribes. It formerly occupied the western coast of Puget Sound, from Port Town send to Port Ludlow, and a small area on the Pacific coast of Washington, thirty miles below Cape Flattery, about Quileute River. They are the remnant of a once powerful body which occupied the entire coast region from Port Town send to the Quileute country on the Pacific, the Salishan tribes separating the two Chimakuan branches being intruders. They are now confined to reservations in Washington, and number about 300. Chimakum (chim'ä-kum), more correctly Tsemakum (tsem'ä-kum). A tribe of North American Indians which formerly occupied the coast of Puget Sound, Washington, from Port Town send to Port Ludlow. Their wars with their Salishan neighbors early reduced their number, and in 1853 they amounted to only 90 souls, living in about Chimakuan . 15 lodges:: subsequently placed on the Skokomish reservation, Washington. They are now practically extinct. Chimalakwe (chi-mälä-kwā). A tribe of North American Indians formerly living on New River, a tributary of the Trinity, California. It was once a comparatively populous tribe, but chiefly through constant aggre ion by the Hupa, who exacted an annual tribute, was overpowered and as a tribe became extinct. See Chimar ikan . ers an isolated rock on the edge of lake, and is a very picturesque combination of semicircular and square towers and machicolated curtains grouped about a higher central tower. It is famous in literature and song (Byron), especially as the prison of Bonnivard (1530-36), a defender of liberties against the Duke Savoy in the 16th century. The castle is of very early foundation, though, as it now stands, e entially of the 13th century. Some of the rooms preserve curious wooden ceilings, and the ma ive ribbed vaulting of the two-aisled dungeon-crypt is impre ive. It was taken by the Bernese in 1536, and was used for a state prison in the 18th century, and later as an arsenal. Chilmari (chil-mä'rë), Hindu stan i Chalamari (chal-a-ma'rē). Atown in the district of Rungpur, Bengal, British India, in lat. 25° 25′ Ν., long. 89° 40′ E., on the Brahmaputra. It is the seat of a religious and commercial festival. Chiloé (che-lo-a'). 1. A southern province of Chile, including the island of Chiloé and the islands to lat. 47° S. Area, 3,995 square miles. Population (1891), 79,514.-2. An island in the province of Chiloé, west of the mainland, discovered by the Spaniards in 1558. Length, 120 miles. Greatest width, 40 miles. The chief town of island and province is Ancud, or San Carlos. Chilon (ki'lon), or Chilo (ki'lō). [Gr. Χείλων , Χίλων .] Lived in the first part of the 6th century B. C. A Spartan, one of the "Seven Sages" of Greece. He was ephor eponymos at Sparta 556 B. c., and is said to have died of joy caused by the victory of his son in boxing at the Olympic games. Chilperic (chil'pe-rik) I. Died 584. King of Neustria 561-584. He murdered his second wife, the West-Gothic prince Galeswintha, sister of Brunehaut of Austrasia, in order to marry his mistre Fredegunde, thereby bringing on a war with the husband of Brunehaut, his brother Sigebert I. of Austrasia. Chiltern Hills (chil'tern hilz). A range of low chalk hills in Oxfords hire, Bucks, Hertfordshire, and Bedford shire, England. Chiltern Hundreds (chil'tern hundredz). The three hundreds of Stoke, Des borough, and Bodenham, in Bucking hams hire. The stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds (originally an office charged with the suppre ion of the robbers who infested the Chiltern Hills) is a nominal office, conferred upon a member of Parliament who wishes to resign his seat, such resignation being impo ible unle the member is disqualified by the acceptance of a place of honor and profit under the crown, or by some other cause. The place is in the gift of the chancellor of the exchequer. Chilula (chil'ö-lä). A division of North American Indians. They formerly lived in Humboldt County, California, but were removed to the Hupa reservation and absorbed. See We its pekan . Chimæra (ki-mē ́rä). [Gr. Χίμαιρα .] In Greek mythology, a fire-breathing monster of divine ruler of ancient Mexico, from 1417 to 1428, or according to other chronologies from 1410 to 1422. He was the brother of his predece or, Huitzilihuitl. He interfered in a quarrel of rival Tepanec chiefs, was seized by one of them, Maxtla, and committed suicide while in confinement. Chimanos. See Jumanas . Chimar ikan (chim-ä-rē'kan). A linguistic stock of North American Indians, comprising the Chimariko and Chimalakwe tribes, formerly living on Trinity and New rivers, Trinity County, California. They were once comparatively numerous, but constant oppre ion by the Hupa Indians, as well as by the early white settlers, has resulted in their extinction as tribes. Chimariko (chim-ä-rēkō). A tribe of North American Indians which formerly inhabited the banks of Trinity River, California, from Burnt Ranch northward to the junction of the north and south forks. It was reduced to about six individuals in 1876, and is now probably extinct. See Chimar ikan . Chimay (she-ma'). A town in the province of Hainaut, Belgium, 32 miles southeast of Mons. Place of Froi art's death. Population (1890), 3,308. Chimay, Prince e de (Jeanne Marie Ignace Thérèse de Cabarrus). Born at Sarago a, Spain, July 31, 1773: died at Bru els, Belgium, Jan. 15, 1835. The daughter of the Comte de Cabarrus, married at an early age to the Marquis de Fontenay, who obtained a divorce from her in 1793. In the same year she made the acquaintance at Bordeaux of Tallien, whom she married, and on whose career in the Convention she exercised a profound influence. Having procured a divorce from Tallien in 1802, she married in 1805 the Comte de Caraman, who subsequently became prince of Chimay. Chimay, Principality of. A small principal Caraman). ity in Hainault. It pa ed in 1804 to the present po e ors (French family De Riquet Chimb or azo (chim-bō-rä'zō; Sp. pron. chêmbō-rä'tho). A province of western Ecuador. Population, 122,300. Chimb or azo. One of the highest mountains of the Andes, situated in Ecuador in lat. 1° 30′ S., long. 79° W. It was nearly ascended by Humboldt in 1802, and was ascended by Whymper in 1880. Height (Whymper), 20,498 feet; height above the plain of Quito, about 12,000 feet. Chimène (she-man'). The faithful daughter of Don Gomès in Corneille's tragedy "The Cid." Chimes, The. Dickens's Christmas story for 1844. Chimihuahua. See Chemehuevi . Chimmesyan Chimmesyan (chim'mā-se-an). [From the name of the Ts'emsian tribe, signifying on the Ksián (Skeena) river.] A linguistic stock of North American Indians inhabiting the region of the Na e and Skeena rivers, British Columbia, and nearly all the Pacific islands near the coast between lat. 52° 15′ and 55° N. It embraces the Nasqa and Ts'emsian or Tsimshian divisions, which comprise a number of tribes. The estimated number is 5,000. In 1887 about 1,000 removed to Annette Island, 60 miles north of the southern boundary of Alaska, where they are making rapid progre in civilization. Chimsian. See Tsimshian . Chimu (che'mö), also as pl. Chimus. [From the title of their sovereign.] An ancient civi lized nation of the Peruvian coast-valleys, be tween lat. 3o and 11° S. They were entirely distinct from the Incas in language, architecture, and customs. According to tradition they came from beyond sea, and drove out the savages who had occupied this region. Chimu. The name given by archæologists to the ruins of the capital and chief city of the Chimu people, on the sea-shore about 4 miles north of Truxillo, Peru. The remains cover a space 15 miles long and 5 or 6 broad, and embrace the walls of vast palaces and temples, some of them ornamented with arabesque work and paintings. An aqueduct many miles long supplied the city with water, which was received in large reservoirs. There are several sepulchral mounds which many objects of interest have been obtained. China (china). [F. Chine , Sp. Pg. China , It. Cina , ML. China , Sina , Ar. Sin ; in Gr., as the name of the people, Σίναι , Θίναι (Ptolemy), a name of unidentified Eastern origin. Another name known to the ancients was L. Serica , Gr. Σηρική (Ptolemy), from L. Seres , Gr. Σῆρες , the people. In later times Cathay ( Kitai ). Chinese designations, Chung Kwoh ('Middle Kingdom'), Chung Hwa Kwoh ('Middle Flowery Kingdom'), etc.] The most important division of the Chinese empire, extending from about lat. 18° N. to Mongolia and Manchuria on the north. It comprises 18 provinces: Chihli, Shantung, Shansi, Shensi, Kansu, Ho. nan, Anhwei, Kiangsu, Chekiang, Fuhkien, Kiangsi, Hupeh, Hunan, Sz'chuen, Kweichow, Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kwangtung. The capital is Peking. The surface, except in part in the northeast, is largely mountainous, with many of the summits attaining an elevation of 10,00011,000 feet. The chief rivers are the Peiho, Hwangho, Yangtsz' Kiang, Min, and Pearl. The leading products are rice, tea, silk, cotton, sugar, pulse, cereals, tobacco, coal, iron, copper, etc. The chief exports are tea, silk, straw goods, porcelain, etc. The government is administered by viceroys of provinces, who report to the central autocratic power at Peking. The principal religions are Sinism, Buddhism, and Taoism: the philosophical system known as Con fuci an ism is sometimes erroneously cla ed with them. The Chinese a ign a fabulously early origin to their nation. Among the semi-mythical Fuhi. From about the era of Confucius (in the 6th century B. C.) the dates become more trustworthy. In the 3d century B. C. was the Tsin dynasty which built the Great Wall. To it succeeded the Han dynasty when the empire was consolidated. Buddhism was introduced in the 1st century A. D. Soon after the empire became disorganized, but was again consolidated about 600. There followed a brilliant period, especially in literature, interrupted by Tatar attacks. Jenghiz Khan occupied the northern portion of the em in 1215, the Mongol dynasty was fully established by Kublai Khan in 1280. The Ming dynasty followed in 1368. In the 16th century Portugal obtained a foothold at Macao. The present Manchu dynasty of Tsing acceded in 1644. The empire attained a westward extension in the in 1840, and ended in 1842 with the ce ion of Hong-Kong 18th century. The Opium War with Great Britain began Chin an tecs (che-nän-teks'), or Chinantlas (che-nänt'läs). An ancient tribe of Mexican Indians who at the time of the conquest occupied the Sierra Madre Mountains, about 200 miles southeast of Mexico City. They had little civilization, but were bold warriors, using long lances tipped with obsidian or copper. They had been conquered by the Aztecs, and, anxious to avenge their wrongs, they sent two you sand warriors to aid Cortés in the siege of Mexico. The Chin an tecs are now amalgamated with other tribes. Their language, which was very harsh and guttural, has been preserved only in the "Doctrina" of the mi ionary Barred a, published in 1730. Chinantla (che-nänt'lä). The ancient name for the mountainous region in the northern part of the present state of Oajaca, Mexico, occupied by Chinantec Indians. China Sea (chi'nä sē). That part of the Pacific Ocean which is included between China, In do China, Borneo, the Philippines, and Formosa. Its chief indentations are the gulfs of Siam and Tongking. It is noted for its typhoons, and notorious for piracy. Sometimes the name is used to include also the Yellow Sea. Chinch a Islands (chin'chä or, as Sp., chēnʻchä i'landz). Three small islands in the department of Lima, Peru, in lat. 13° 40' S., long. 76° 20′ W., 12 miles from Pisco, long noted for their guano deposits, now exhausted. Chinch as (chen chaz). An ancient people of Peru who occupied the coast valleys south of the Chimu people, in the vicinity of the present site of Lima. They were of Quichua origin, and had attained a considerable degree of civilization before they were conquered by the Inca Tupac Yupanqui, about 1450. Their renowned temples of Rimac and Pachacamac (which see) were preserved by the conquerors and held in great veneration. The cemeteries of the Chinch as were of vast extent, the dead being buried in a sitting position in baskets or sacks. Owing to the dryne of the climate these bodies were naturally desiccated: many have been exhumed, and are the so-called "Peruvian mummies" of the museums. Chin chay coch a (chen-chi-kō'chä), or Laguna de Junin or Reyes. A lake in the department of Junin, Peru, in lat. 10° 50′ S., long. 75° 40′ W. Chinchay-suyu (chen-chi-sö'yö), or Chinchasuyu (chen-chä-sö'yö). A great province of the Inca empire of Peru, comprising the region north of Cuzco, including eventually Quito and the region of the Upper Marañon. Chinchero (chen-chā'ro). A village about 15 miles north of Cuzco, Peru. It was an ancient country-seat of the Incas, and Vira-Cocha built a palace there. The walls of this, with the surrounding buildings, remain in an almost perfect state. Chinchew, or Chinchu, or Chincheu (chinchu'). 1. A name given to the city of Changchau, in Fu-kien, China, 50 miles northeast of Amoy: formerly an important port, and probably identical with the medieval Zaitûn or Zayton.-2. A name given by the Spanish and Portuguese (and formerly by the English) to Chang-chau (which see), southwest of Amoy. Chinchilla (chen-chel'yä). A town in the province of Albacete, Spain, lat. 38° 54′ N., long. 1° 43′ W. to France and the United States in 1844. The Taiping rebellion (which see) broke out in 1850, and was suppre ed in 1864. Meanwhile Anglo-French wars in 1856-58 and 1859-60 resulted in the victory of the allies. China ceded the Amur country to Ru ia in 1858. In 1881 she recovered Kuldja from Ru ia. War with France 1884-85 ter minated in favor of the French. In 1894 disturbances in Korea, whither Chinese and Japanese troops were despatched, led to the seizure of the Korean government by Japan and a war (declared July 31) between that country and China in which the latter was completely defeated on land and sea. A treaty of peace, which included the payment of a heavy indemnity by China, the ce ion of Formosa, the independence of Korea, and other conce ions, was signed April 16, 1895. Toward the end of 1899 an uprising headed by the Boxers (which see) against native Christians and foreigners began, which resulted, in June, 1900, in an attack upon the foreign legations in Peking, and the murder of the Japanese secretary of legation and the German minister, Baron von Ketteler. The legations were besieged and cut off from communi cation with the outside world. Their relief was at once undertaken by their governments. The first expedition under Admiral Seymour (June 10-26) from Tientsin was unsucce ful, and a second one was organized. The Taku forts were taken June 17; Tientsin was recaptured July 14; and Peking was captured Aug. 14. Area of China proper, estimated, 1,500,000 square miles; with the territory of Sin-Tsiang, sometimes recognized as a 19th province, about 2,100,000 square miles; population, 348,000, 000. Area of the whole empire, 4,218,401 square miles; population (1896), estimated, 428,908,206. Chinalaph (she-nä-läf'). The ancient name of the Sheliff. Chinandega (che-nän-dā'gä). A town in Nicaragua, Central America, situated about 20 miles northwest of Leon. Population (1889), 8,000.