Land o' the Leal (land' o THēlēl′)

A mythical lish painter, engraver, and writer on art: father of Sir Edwin Landseer. Landseer, Thomas. Born at London, 1795: died there, Jan. 20, 1880. An English engraver, eldest brother of Sir Edwin Landseer. He executed many engravings and etchings after his brother's paintings. Land's End (landz end). A granite promontory, the southwesternmost extremity of England, in Cornwall, situated in lat. 50°4′ N., long. 5° 45′ W.: the ancient Bolerium. Height, 60100 feet. Land shut (ländsʼhöt). 1. The capital of the province of Lower Bavaria, Bavaria, on the Isar 38 miles northeast of Munich. The Church of St. Martin, Church of St. Jodocus, Holy Ghost Church, castle of Trausnitz, and new palace are of interest. It was the seat of a university from 1800 to 1826. Population (1890), 18,862. land of happine .en, Lady Nairne, in her poem of that Lands krona (länds'kro-nä). it for an accepted one. Land of Steady Habits. A popular nickname of Connecticut. Land of Wisdom. [F. Pays de sapience .] A name given by the French to Normandy. Landon (lan'don), Letitia Elizabeth (later Mrs. Maclean): pseudonym L. E. L. Born at London (Chelsea), Aug. 14, 1802: died at Cape Coast Castle, Africa, Oct. 15, 1838. An English poet and novelist, wife (June, 1838) of George Maclean, governor of Cape Coast Castle. She was author poems (collected 1838, later editions 1850, 1873), the novels "Romance and Reality" (1831), "Francesca Carrara" (1834), "Ethel Church ill" (1837), "Lady Granard" (1842), etc. Her death, probably acc i dental, was due to a dose of a preparation of pru ic acid. Landor (lan'dor), Walter Savage. Born at Warwick, Jan. 30, 1775: died at Florence, Italy, Sept. 17, 1864. A noted English poet and prose writer. He entered Trinity College, Oxford, in 1793; became conspicuous for his advocacy of republican principles; and was rusticated in 1794 for firing a gun (without damage to any one) at the windows of an obnoxious Tory. For some years he led an unsettled life, visiting Paris in 1802, and joining the Spaniards at Corunna against the French in 1808. In 1809 he purchased Llanthony Abbey, Mon mouths hire, and in 1811 married Julia Thuillier, daughter of a banker. A combination of troubles drove him in 1814 to Jersey then to Tours, and in 1815 to Italy. In 1821 he settled in Florence, where he resided until when, separating from his wife, he went to England. He returned to Florence in 1858. He published "Poems" (1795), "Gebir" (1798), "Simon idea" (1806: English and Latin poems), "Count Julian" (1812), "Idyllia Heroic a" (1814, enlarged 1820), "Imaginary Conversations" (18241848), "Citation and Examination of William Shakespeare touching Deer-stealing, etc." (1834), "Pericles and Aspasia" (1836), "The Pen tamer on" (1837), Pericles and Hungary and Giovanni of Naples" (1839), "Fra Rupert" (1840), "Hellenics" (1847, revised 1859), "Poemata et In script i ones" (1847), "Italics" (1848), "The Last Fruit of an Old Tree" (1853), "Dry Sticks Fagoted by W. S. Landor" (1858), "Heroic Idylls" (1863), etc. Landrecies, or Landrecy (lon-drė-se'). Atown the department of Nord, France, situated on the Sambre 17 miles south-southeast of Valen ciennes. It was taken from the French by Charles V. in 1543; pa ed several times from Spain to France and back again in the 17th century; and was besieged and taken by the Allies in 1794 and by the Pru ians in 1815. It was the birthplace of Dupleix. Population (1891), commune, 3,867. Lands berg (länds'berg). A town in Upper Bavaria, situated on the Lech 32 miles west by south of Munich. Population (1890), 4,300. Lands berg-an-der-War the(länds'berg-än-dervär'te). A town in the province of Brandenburg, Pru ia, situated on the War the 78 miles east by north of Berlin. Population (1890), 26,825. Landseer (land'sēr), Charles. Born at London, 1799: died there, July 22, 1879. An English historical painter, elder brother of Sir Edwin Landseer. Landseer, Sir Edwin Henry. Born at London, March 7, 1802: died there, Oct. 1, 1873 (buried in St. Paul's Cathedral). A celebrated English animal-painter, youngest son of John Landseer. He was elected an a ociate night in mong his a ociate of the Royal Academy in 1826, more noted paintings are "Fighting Dogs" (1819), "Cat's Paw" (1824), "Chevy Chase" (1826), “Return from Deerstalking" (1827), "Illicit Whiskey Still" (1828), "High Life" and "Low Life" (1831), "Jack in Office" (1833), "Sir Walter Scott and his Dogs" (1833), "Suspense" (1840), "Highland Shepherd's Chief Mourner" (1837), "Life in the Old Dog Yet" (1838), "Dignity and Impudence" (18:39), "Stag at Bay" (1846), "Monarch of the Glen" (1851), "Flood in the Highlands" (1860), and "Titania and Bottom" (1851). Landseer, John. Born at Lincoln, England, 1769: died at London, Feb. 29, 1852. An Eng Population Langendijk of the Conqueror, he played an important part in English ecclesiastical and civil affairs. He wrote "De corpore et sanguine Domini," etc. His works were collected by Luc. anche reprinted by Lanfrey (lon-frā'), Pierre. Born at Chambéry, France, Oct. 26, 1828: died at Pau, France, Nov. 15, 1877. A French historian and politician. He published "His to ire de Napoléon I." (1867-75), "L'Église et les philosophes au XVIIIe siècle" (1855), etc. Lang (lang), Andrew. Born at Selkirk, March 31, 1844. A Scottish miscellaneous writer. He was educated at the Edinburgh Academy, St. Andrews University, and Balliol College, Oxford. He was elected fellow of Merton, Oxford, in 1868, and appointed Gifford lecturer on natural religion at St. Andrews in 1888. He is the author of "Ballads and Lyrics of Old France, etc." (1872), "Oxford, etc." (1880), "XXII Ballades in Blue China" (1880: with additions 1881), "Theocritus, Bion, and Moschus rendered into English Prose" (1880), "Helen of Troy" (1882), "Ballades and Verses Vain" (1884), "Custom and Myth, etc." (1884), "Letters to Dead Authors" (1886), "The Politics of Aristotle" (1886), "Myth, Ritual, and Religion" (1887), "Gra of Parna us" (1888), "Auca in and Nicolette" (1887: a translation), "Perrault's Fairy Tales" 2. Same as Lande shut . Landskron (ländskrōn). A town in Bohemia, 36 miles northwest of Olmütz. Populatio (1890), 5,843. Lands krona (ländskrō-nä). A seaport in the laen of Malmöhus, Sweden, situated on the Sound in lat. 55° 52′ N.. N., long. 12° 50′ E. It has a castle. Near this place, July 14, 1677, the Swedes de feated the Danes. Population (1890), 12,253. Lands thing (läns'ting). The upper house of the Danish Rigsdag or parliament. It consists of 66 members, of whom 12 are appointed for life by the crown, and the others are elected for 8 years, not directly, but by delegates in each of the 54 electoral districts, chosen by those having the nece ary property qualification. Landstuhl (länt'stöl). A town in the Palatinate, Bavaria, 40 miles west of Spires. It is the seat of the Sick in gen family. Population (1890), 3,642. Landtag (länt'täg). In Germany, the legislature of a country; a territorial Diet; now, specifically, one of the Parliaments of the countries constituting the German Empire, as Pru ia, Saxony, Bavaria, etc., and of some of the crownlands of Austria-Hungary, as Moravia and Bo hemia. Compare Reichstag . Lane (lan), Edward William. Born at Here ford, England, Sept. 17, 1801: died at Worthing, England, Aug. 10, 1876. A noted English Orientalist and Egypt ologist. His works include "Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyp. tians" (1836: best ed. 1860), a translation of the "Arabian Nights" (1834-40), an "Arabic-English Lexicon" (1863-74: and, under the editorship of S. Lane-Poole, 1877-92). Lane visited Egypt three times: 1825-28, 1833-35, and 1842-49. Lane, James Henry. Born at Lawrence burg, Ind., June 22, 1814: committed suicide at Leaven worth, Kansas, July, 1866. An American politician, a leader of the Free-State party in Kansas. Lane, Joseph. Born in North Carolina, 1801: died there, April 19, 1881. An American politician and general, unsucce ful candidate for the vice-presidency on the Breckenridge ticket 1860 . Lane, Sir Ralph. Died at Dublin, Oct., 1603. An English adventurer, a companion of Sir Richard Grenville in his expedition to the coast of North America in 1585, and the first governor of the colony of Virginia then founded. The settlers soon removed to Roanoke, and were all taken back to England by Drake, July, 1586. Laneham (lān'am), Robert. An English merchant in the service of the Earl of Leicester, and doorkeeper of the council-chamber, who left an account, in the form of a letter, of the entertainment given by Leicester to Queen Elizabeth at Kenilworth July, 1575. Copies of the letter are in the Bodleian Library and the library of the British Museum. Laneham appears in Scott's "Kenil worth." Lane-Poole (lan'pöl'), Stanley. Born at Lon don, Dec. 18,1854. An English numismatist. He wrote the official "Catalogue of the Oriental Coins" for the British Museum. It appeared in 8 volumes in 18751883, and was crowned by the French Institute. He also wrote a "Catalogue of Indian Coins" in 1885. On the death of his great-uncle E. W. Lane, the Orientalist, in 1876, he continued the latter's Arabic lexicon, the last part in 1887. He was sent to Egypt in 1883 by the science and art department of the British Museum, and in 1886 he went to Ru ia and Turkey to study numismatics. Among his other works are (1883), "The Art of the Saracens in Egypt" (1886), "Life of the Right Hon. Str at ford Canning, Viscount de Redcliffe" are "Egypt" (1881), "Studies in a Mosque" (1888), etc. Lanfranc (lan'frangk). Born at Pavia, Italy, about 1005: died at Canterbury, England, May 24,1089. A celebrated prelate and scholar, archbishop of Canterbury. He emigrated from Italy and established a school at Avranches, France, about 1039; entered the monastery of Bec in 1042: and became its prior about 1045. He opposed the marriage of William and Matilda, but regained the friendship of William about 1050; was installed abbot of Caen in 1066; and was made archbishop of Canterbury in 1070. As the chief counselor (a translation), "The Blue Fairy Tale Book," "The Red Fairy Tale Book," "The World's Desire" (1890: with Rider Haggard), etc. He also translated the Ody ey with Pro Myers, and has published a series of critical articles on Shakspere's plays. Lang, John Dunmore. Born at Greenock, Scotland, Aug. 25, 1799: died at Sydney, Australia, Aug. 8, 1878. An Australian Presbyterian clergyman, journalist, and politician. He was editor of "The Colonist" 1835-40 and "The Pre " 1851-52, and author of "An Historical and Statistical Account of New South Wales" (1834), "Historical Account of the Separation of Victoria from New South Wales" (1870), and numerous other books and pamphlets on the Australian Langbaine (lang'ban), Gerard. Born at Barton, West more land, 1609: died at Oxford, Feb. office. 10, 1658. An English scholar, provost of Queen's College, Oxford, 1646-58. He was an ardent Royalist during the civil war, but retained his Langbaine, Gerard. Born at Oxford, July 15, 1656: died there, June 23, 1692. An English student of dramatic literature, and critic: an inveterate enemy of Dryden. He wrote "Momus Triumph ans, or the Plagiaries of the English Stage Exposed, etc." (1687: rei ued as "A New Catalogue of English Plays" 1688), and "An Account of the English Dramatic Poets, etc." (1691). Langdale, Baron. See Bickers teth , Henry . Lange (läng'ge), or Bashi-lange (bäʻshe-läng. ge). See Luba. Lange (läng'e), Fried rich Albert. Born at Wald, near Solingen, Pru ia, Sept. 28, 1828: died at Marburg, Pru ia, Nov. 21, 1875. A German writer on philosophy and economics, profe or at Marburg 1873-75. His principal work is his "Geschichte des Materialism us” (“His tory of Materialism," 1866). Lange, Helene. Born at Oldenburg in 1848. The head of a training college for teachers at Berlin. She is one of the foremost representatives of the movement for women's education in Ger many. Lange, Johann Peter. Born at Sonnborn, near Elberfeld, Pru ia, April 10, 1802: died at Bonn, Pru ia, July 9, 1884. A German Protestant theologian, profe or of theology at Zurich (1841) and later (1854) at Bonn. He published the commentary "Bibelwerk" (1856-76: English translation by Schaff, etc.), "Das Leben Jesu" ("Life of Jesus," 1844-47), "Christliche Dogmatik" (1849-52), "Geschichte der Kirche" (1853-54), etc. Lange, Ludwig. Born at Hannover, Pru ia, March 4, 1825: died at Leipsic, Aug. 18, 1885. A German archæologist, author of "Handbuch der römischen Altertümer” (1856-71), etc. Lan gel and (läng'e-länd). An island of Denmark, situated southeast of Fünen and west of Laaland. It belongs to the amt of Svendborg. Town, Rudkjöbing. Length, 32 miles. Area, 106 square miles. Langenau (läng'en-ou). A small town in Würtemberg, 11 miles northeast of Ulm.. Langenbeck (läng'en-bek), Konrad Johann Martin. Born at Horneburg, Pru ia, Dec. 5, 1776: died at Göttingen, Pru ia, Jan. 24, 1851. A noted German anatomist and surgeon, profe or at Göttingen 1804, and surgeon-general of the Han over i an army. Langenberg (läng'en-berg). A town in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, 29 miles north-northeast of Cologne. Population (1890), 6,824. Langenbielau (läng'en-be-lou). A manufacturing town in the province of Silesia, Pru ia, 35 miles south-southwest of Breslau. Population (1890), 15,768. Langendijk (läng'en-dik), Pieter. Born at Haarlem, 1683: died there, 1756. A Dutch dramatist and poet. His father, who was a mason, died early, and his mother then removed to The Hague, where she supported herself and him from the profits of a little Langendijk shop. He worked at this time as a damask-weaver after patterns of his own designing. Subsequently he went to Amsterdam as a designer to a large factory. Here appeared the comedies "Don Quichot" ("Don Quixote," 1711); "De Zwetser" ("The Braggart") and "Het wederzijds Huwelyks Bedrog" ("The Mutual Marriage Deception "), both in 1712; "Krelis Louwen" and "De Wis kons ten a ars ("The Mathematicians"), both in 1715, "De Wind han del a ars" and "Arlequijn Actionist," both in 1720. In 1721 he published his poems in two quarto volumes, which were followed subsequently by three more. In 1722 he returned to Haarlem as a designer, and lived there until his death. In this last period fall two other comedies, "Xantippe" and "Papirius," and, finally, the comedy not quite completed at his death, "Spieghel der vaderlandsche Kooplieden" ("A Mirror of our Merchants"). His collected works were published in 1760. Langensalza (läng'en-zält-sä). A manufacturing town in the province of Saxony, Pru ia, situated on the Salza 19 miles northwest of Erfurt. Near this town, June 27, 1866, the Han over i ans (18,000) under Arendtschildt defeated the Pru ians (8,700) under Von Flies, and the Pru ian force (increased to 40,000, June 28) compelled the capitulation of the Han over i ans June 29. Population (1890), 11,466. Langenschwalbach (läng'en-shväl-bäch), or Schwalbach (shväl'bäch). A small town and watering-place in the province of He e-Na au, Pru ia, 8 miles northwest of Wiesbaden: noted for its mineral springs. Population (1890), 2,698. Langevin (lońzh-van'), Sir Hector Louis. Born Aug. 26, 1820. A Canadian politician. Langey, Guillaume du Bellay, Seigneur de. Born at the Château de Glatigny, 1491: died near Lyons, 1553. A noted French general and diplomat. He conducted a number of mi ions to the Pope, England, and Germany with great succe , and in 1537 was made viceroy of Piedmont by François I. He wrote his "Mémoires" under the name of "Ogdoades" ("huitaines"), because he divided his work into eight books; they were not printed till 1757. He also wrote "Epitome de l'anti quité des Gaules" (1566), and "Instruction sur le faict de la guerre" (1588). Langham (lang'am), Simon. Died July 22, 1376. An English prelate. He became abbot of Westminster in 1349; treasurer of England in 1360; bishop of Ely in 1362; chancellor of England 1363-66; arch bishop of Canterbury in 1366 (enthroned March 25, 1367); and cardinal in 1368. Here signed his archbishopric Nov. 27, 1368, and went to the papal court at Avignon in 1369. He filled a number of important places in England and in the papal service; was made cardinal-bishop of Preneste in 1373; and in 1374 was again chosen archbishop of Canterbury, but the Pope refused to confirm the election. Langholm (lang'om). A town in Dumfrie hire, Scotland, situated on the Esk. Population (1891), 3,643. Langhorne (lang hôrn), John. Born at Winton, in West more land, March, 1735: died at Blagdon, in Somersets hire, England, April 1, 1779. An English poet and prose-writer, rector of Blagdon 1765: best known by his translation of Plutarch's "Lives" (conjointly with his brother William, 1770). His poetical works were collected and published by his son in 1804. Langhorne, Sir William. Born at London, 1629: died at Charlton, Kent, Feb. 26, 1715. An English merchant, governor of Madras 1670-77. Langiewicz (läng-gye'vich), Maryan. Born at Krotoschin, Pru ia, Aug. 5, 1827: died at Constantinople, May 11, 1887. A Polish revolutionist, insurgent leader and dictator in 1863. Lang land (lang'land), or Langley (lang'li), William. Born, probably in South Shropshire, about 1330: died about 1400. An English poet, author of the "Vision of Piers Plowman," and probably of a poem entitled by Skeat "Richard the Redele ." Of his life very little is definitely known. From pa ages in his poems it appears that his early years were spent in the western midland counties of England (Worcesters hire, Shropshire); that he received a considerable education, and probably took minor orders; that he was married and had a daugh ter; that he lived as a mendicant singer; and that most of his later life was spent in London, where he dwelt in Corn hill. See Vision of Piers Plowman . Langlès (lon-glās'), Louis Matthieu. Born at Perenne, near St.-Didier, France, Aug. 23, 1763: died Jan. 28, 1824. A French Orientalist, author of "Instituts politiques et mil it a ires de Tamerlan, écrits par lui-même, en Mongol" (1787), "Alphabet Tartare-Mandchou" (1787), etc. Langley (lang'li), Edmund de. Bornat King's Langley, Hertfordshire, June 5, 1341: died at Langley, Aug. 1, 1402. The fifth son of Edward III. by Philippa of Hainault, created first duke of York Aug. 6, 1385. He became a member of the council of regency on the acce ion of Richard II.; went in July, 1381, at the head of an expedition to aid the Portuguese against the King of Castile, returning 1382; and was regent Sept., 1394, and Sept., 1396, during the absence of the king. mer. He became profe or of astronomy in the Western University of Pennsylvania, Pittsburg, in 1867, and in 1887 was appointed secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. He has published "Researches on Solar Heat and its Absorption by the Earth's Atmosphere" (1884), and "The New Astronomy" (1887). Since then he has been engaged in experiments tending to demonstrate the po ibility of mechanical flight; and as a result of these has published "Experiments in Aerodynamics" (1891), and "The Internal Work of the Wind" (1894). Langlois (lon-glwä'), Jean Charles. Born at Beaumont-en-Auge, Calvados, July 22, 1789: died at Paris, March 24, 1870. A French painter of battle-scenes. He was a pupil of Horace Vernet, and in 1849 became a colonel in the army. He also painted several panoramas: "The Battle of Navarino," "Burning of Moscow," "Capture of the Malakoff, etc." Langnau (läng'nou). The chief town in the Emmenthal, canton of Bern, Switzerland, situated on the Ilfis and Emme 16 miles east of Bern. Population (1890), 7,643. Langobardi (lan-gō-bär'dí). [L. (Tacitus) Lan gobardi, Gr. (Strabo) Λαγκόβαρδοι, (Ptolemy) Λαγγοβάρδοι.] A people of northern Germany, first mentioned by Strabo. they were situated south of the lower Elbe, adjoining the At the time of Tacitus tion (1891), commune, 10,719. the French. ecclesiastical affairs. and poet. Through his second son Richard, earl of Cambridge, he was great-grandfather of Edward IV. Langley, Samuel Pierpont. Born at Roxbury, Boston, Aug. 22, 1834. An American astrono- Lansdown beauty, she went on the stage in 1881. She has visited the United States several times. Langue doc (lang'gwē-dok). An ancient government of southern France. Capital, Toulouse. It was bounded by Guienne, Auvergne, and Lyonnais on the north, the Rhone on the east, the Mediterranean and Rou illon on the south, and Foix, Gascony, and Guienne on the west, and was traversed by the Cévennes Mountains. It was named from the langue d'oc , or Provençal, the language of the south of France. The departments of Haute Loire, Lozère, Ardèche, Gard, Hérault, Aude, Tarn, and Haute-Garonne correspond to it. Haut-Langue doc was in the west, Bas-Langue doc in the east. Langue doc formed part of Gallia Narbonensis and of the West-Gothic kingdom. It was overrun by the Saracens in the 8th century. The chief powers were the marquisate of Sept i mania (which became in the 10th century the county of Toulouse) and Narbonne. Narbonne was annexed to France in 1229, and Toulouse in 1270 or 1271. Langue doc, Canal du. See Midi , Canal du. Languet (lon-gā'), Hubert. Born at Viteaux, Burgundy, 1518: died at Antwerp, Sept. 30,1581. A French political writer and diplomatist, author of "Vindiciæ contra tyrannos" (1579), etc. Languish, Lydia. In Sheridan's comedy "The Rivals," a fantastical, romantic girl, unwilling to marry unle the affair is conducted on the most sentimental principles. See Absolute and Beverley . Lanier (la-ner'), Sidney. Born at Macon, Ga., Feb. 3, 1842: died at Lynn, N. C., Sept. 7, 1881. An American poet, critic, and littérateur. In 1879 he was appointed lecturer on English literature at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. His works include the novel "Tiger Lilies" (1867), "Centennial Ode" (1876), "Science of English Verse" (1881), "The English Novel and its Development" (1883), and "Poems" (1884). He edited "Boys' Froi art" (1879), "Boys' King Arthur" (1880), "Boys' Mabinogion" (1881). Lanigan (lan'i-gan), John. Born at Cashel, Ireland, 1758: died at Finglas (in an asylum), July 7, 1828. An Irish Roman Catholic clergyman, author of an "Ecclesiastical History of Ireland" (1822), etc. Lanjuinais (lon-zhüē-nā′), Jean Denis, Comte. Born at Rennes, France, March 12, 1753: died at Paris, Jan. 13, 1827. A French politician and political writer, deputy to the National A embly in 1789, and Giron dist deputy to the Con vention in 1792. Lanka (lang'kä). The Sanskrit name of Ceylon or its capital, renowned as the habitation of Ravana and his demons, whose conquest by Ramachandra, after his wife Sita had been car ried off by Ravana, forms the subject of the Ramayana. Lankester (langk'es-tèr), Edwin. Born at Melton, Suffolk, April 23, 1814: died Oct. 30, 1874. An English physician and man of science. He studied at London University 1834-37, graduated M. D. at Heidelberg in 1839, and settled in London as a physician for the pre in 1840. In 1850 he was appointed profe or of natural history in New College, London, and in 1859 was elected president of the London Microscopical Society. He edited the work on natural history in the "Penny" and "English" encyclopedias, and published a "Natural History of Plants yielding Food" (1845), "Me morials of John Ray" (1845), etc. Lankester, Edwin Ray. Born at London, May 15, 1847. An English anatomist and zoölogist, the eldest son of E. Lankester. He was educated at St. Paul's School, London, and Christ Church, Oxford; was profe or of zoology in University College, London, 18741890; was Linacre profe or of comparative anatomy at Oxford 1890-98; and has been director of the natural history departments of the British Museum since 1898. He has published many scientific papers. Lannes (län or lan), Jean, Duc de Montebello. Born at Lectoure, Gers, France, April 11, 1769: died at Vienna, May 31, 1809. A celebrated French marshal. He served with distinction in Italy 1796-97, and in the Egyptian expedition 1798-99; gained the victory of Montebello in 1800; served with distinction at Marengo in 1800, Austerlitz in 1805, Jena and Pultusk in 1806, and Fried land in 1807; gained the victory of Tudela in 1808; captured Sarago a in 1809; and was mor tally wounded at Aspern, May, 1809. Lannes, Napoléon Auguste, Duc de Montebello. Born July 30, 1801: died July 19, 1874. A French diplomatist and politician, son of Marshal Lannes. Lannion (län-yôn'). A town in the department of Côtes-du-Nord, France, situated on the Guer 34 miles west-northwest of St.-Brieuc. Population (1891), commune, 6,002. La Noue (li nö), François de, surnamed Bras de Fer (Iron Arm'). Born 1531: died at Mon contour, France, Aug. 4, 1591. A noted French Huguenot general. He was taken prisoner at Jarnacand Mon contour in 1569; lost his arm at Fontenay-le-Comte in 1570 (and supplied its place with an iron one: whence his surname); commanded the forces of La Rochelle; was in prisoned by the Spaniards 1580-85; and was mortally wounded at Lamballe in 1591. He wrote "Discours politiques et mil it a ires" (1587). Lansdown (lanz'doun). A place near Bath, England, where the Royalists under Sir R. Hop Lansdown ton defeated the Parliamentarians under Sir W. Waller, July 5, 1643. 400 feet long and 80 high. There is a double triforium. The cathedral was designed for 9 towers and spires, most of which were completed: but the spires have all disap Laramie Mountains 1813 to 1830. During this period a federal system pre vailed, but with many changes and much confusion. Uruguay was included during a part of the time. Lansing (lan's ing). The capital city of Michigan, situated in Ingham County, on the Grand River, in lat. 42° 46′ N., long. 84°33′ W. It is the seat of the State Agricultural College. It became the cap ital in 1847. Population (1900), 16,485. Lan sing burg (lan's ing-berg). A village in Ren elaer County, New York, situated on the Hudson 9 miles north-northeast of Albany. It is noted for its brush manufactures. Population (1900), IMG:content-0690.png:[blocks in formation] Lanuvium (la-nö'vi-um). In ancient geography, a town of Latium, Italy, situated 20 miles southeast of Rome: the modern Cività Lavinia. It was noted for the worship of Juno Sospita. Lanza (län'zä), Giovanni. Born at Vignale, near Casale-Monte fer rato, Italy, 1810: died at Rome, March 9, 1882. An Italian statesman, premier 1869-73. Lanzarote (län-thä-rō'tā). The easternmost of the Canary Islands, situated in lat. 28° 55′ N., long. 13° 40′ W. Capital, Puerto del Arrecife. Length, 31 miles. Area, 311 square miles. Population, about 16,000. Lanzi (län'zē), Luigi. Born at Montolmo, near Macer at a, Italy, June 13, 1732: died at Florence, March 31,1810. An Italian antiquary and writer on art. His chief works are "Saggio di lingua etrusca, etc." ("E ay on the Etruscan Language," 1789), "Storia pit to rica dell Italia, etc." ("History of Painting in Italy," 1792), etc. Laocoon (la-ok'ō-on). [Gr. Λαοκόων .] In Greek legend (post-Homeric), a priest of Apollo at Troy, who, because he had offended the god, was strangled, with one of his sons, by two serpents while he was offering a sacrifice to Poseidon. In Vergil's version of the story two of his sons are killed with him. Laocoon. A famous antique group in the Vatican, Rome, showing the Trojan priest of Apollo and his two young sons enveloped and bitten to death by serpents. It is a masterpiece of anatomi. cal knowledge and skilful execution. In style it is akin to the Gigantomachy of the Pergamene altar, and it is attributed to the contemporaneous school of Rhodes. The outstretched arms of Laocoon and one son are falsely restored. Laocoon. A critical treatise on art by Le ing, published in 1766. In Laodamas (la-od'a-mas). [Gr. Λαοδάμας .] Greek legend, a son of Eteocles, and king of Thebes. Laodamia (la-od-a-mi'ä). [Gr. Λαοδάμεια .] In Greek legend, the daughter of Acastus, and wife of Protesilaus with whom she voluntarily died. Words worth published a poem with this title. Laodicea (la-od-i-se'ä). [Gr. Λαοδίκεια .] 1. An ancient city in Phrygia, Asia Minor, in the valley of Lycus, an auxiliary river of the Mæander 50 miles north of Aradus. It was one of the most northern of the Phenic i an cities, and its original name was Ramantha. It did not attain great importance until the time of the Seleucidæ. Antiochus II. reestablished it and named it, after his wife, Laodicea, and it soon became a prosperous city. In 1402 A. D. it was destroyed by Timur, but its great ruins at Eski-Hi ar are still witne es of its former splendor. In the Apocalypse it is one of the congregations to which an epistle is addre ed. 2. See Ladikiyeh . Laodogant. In Arthur i an romance, the father of Guinevere. Laomedon (la-om'e-don). [Gr. Λαομέδων .] In Greek legend, the son of Ilus and Eurydice, and father of Priam, founder and king of Troy. For an offense against Poseidon he was forced to offer his daughter Hesione to a sea-monster. Hercules found her chained to a rock, and agreed to free her for a pair of magical horses which Zeus had given to Laomedon in exchange for Ganymede. Laomedon failed to keep his promise, and Hercules captured his city and slew him and all his sons except Priam. Laon (lon). The capital of the department of Aisne, France, situated in lat. 49° 33′ N., long. 3o 35′ E.: the Roman Bibrax, Laudunum, or Lugdunum Clavatum. It is a fortified town. Laon was the residence of the early kings; was the seat of a bishopric from about 500 to the Revolution; often changed hands; and suffered in the English, religious, and League The French under Marinont were defeated here wars. with heavy lo by the Allies under Blücher, March 9, 1814. Laon surrendered to the Germans Sept. 9, 1870. The cathedral is one of the most splendid of medieval monuments, po e ing the finest west front after those of the cathedrals of Rheims, Paris, and Amiens. The style is early Pointed; the façade has a noble projecting porch of 3 great arches, above which are arcades in picturesquely broken ranges, and a magnificent rose, surmounted by 2 fine towers. The chevet is square, with a splendid rose above 3 lancets. The interior is admirably proportioned, IMG:content-0691.png:[blocks in formation] Lao-tsze (lä'ō-tsa'). Born about 604 B. C. A Chinese philosopher, founder of the system of Taoism, and the reputed author of the book "Tao-teh King." La Palata, Duke of. See Navarra y Rocafull . La Paz (lä päth; local pron. lä päz'). 1. A department of western Bolivia, on the Peruvian frontier. Area, estimated, 171,098 square miles. Population (1888), 346, 139, exclusive of wild Indians. 2. A city of Bolivia, capital of the department of La Paz, situated in a valley of the Andes, 12,226 feet above sea-level, in lat. 16° 30′ S., long. 67° 59′ W. It is an important commercial place, and contains a cathedral and a university. Population (1893), about 65,000. La Paz. A seaport and the capital of Lower California, Mexico, situated on the Gulf of California in lat. 24° 10' N., long. 110° 21′ W. Population (1895), 4,737. La Pérouse (lä pā-röz'), Jean François de Galaup, Comte de. Born near Albi, France, Aug. 22, 1741: lost at sea in 1788. A French navigator. He commanded an exploring expedition which set sail from France in 1785 and arrived on the northeastern coast of Asia in 1787. He discovered the Strait of Pérouse, Aug. 9, 1787, and in the following year suffered shipwreck and perished with his whole expedition off the island of Vanikoro. La Pérouse Strait. [Named for the Count de la Pérouse.] A sea pa age separating the islands of Saghalin and Yezo, and connecting the Sea of Japan with the Sea of Okhotsk. Lapham (lap'am), Increase Allen. Born at Palmyra, N. Y., March 7, 1811: died at Oconomowoc, Wis., Sept. 14, 1875. An American geologist, author of various works on Wisconsin. Lap i the (lap'i-the). [Gr. Λαπίθαι.] In Greek legend, a The alian race, descendants of Lapithes, son of Apollo and Stilbe, and brother of Centaur us. They were governed by Pirithous, a half brother of the Centaurs. On the occasion of his marriage to Hippodame i a, a fierce struggle took place between the Centaurs (who had been invited to the wedding) and the Lapithæ, which ended in the expulsion of the former from Pelion. The cause of the quarrel was the attempt of a drunken Centaur, Eurytion, to carry off the bride. royalty of Spanish South America, established in 1776 to include the colonies of Buenos Ayres, Tucuman, and Paraguay, the Banda Oriental (Uruguay), Charcas (now Bolivia), taken from Peru, and Cuyo (Mendoza, etc.), separated from Chile. It corresponded nearly to the present countries of the Argentine Republic, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia. The viceroyalty practically came to an end in 1810, and during the war for independence the countries separated. Also called the Viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres , from the Lapommeraye (lä-pom-rā'), Pierre Henri capital. Victor Berdalle de. Born at Rouen, Oct. 20, 1839: died at Paris, Dec. 23, 1891. Á French critic and lecturer. In 1881 he took charge of the course of dramatic history and literature at the Conser. vatory. La Porte (la port'). A city and the capital of La Porte County, Indiana, 51 miles east-southeast of Chicago. Population (1900), 7,113. Lappenberg (läp'pen-berg), Johann Martin. Born at Hamburg, July 30, 1794: died Nov. 28, 1865. A German historian, keeper of the archives to the Hamburg senate 1823-63. He wrote "Geschichte von England" ("History of England," 18341837: continued by Pauli, translated by Thorpe), the history of Hamburg and of the Hanseatic League, etc. Lapps (laps). Arace from which Lapland(which see) takes its name. The Lapps are an inferior branch of the Finnic race, physically dwarfish and weak, and low in the scale of civilization. Laputa (la-pu'tä). A flying island in Swift's "Gulliver's Travels." In the voyage to Laputa the satire is directed against the vanity of human wisdom, and the folly of abandoning useful occupations for the empty schemes of visionaries. The philosophers of Laputa had allowed their land to run waste, and their people to fall into poverty, in their attempts to "soften marble for pillows and pin-cushions," to "petrify the hoofs of a living horse to prevent them from founder ing," to "sow land with chaff," and to "extract sunbeams from cucumbers, which were to be put in phials hermetically sealed, and let out to warm the air in raw, inclement summers." Tucker man , Hist. of Prose Fiction, p. 176. Lar. See Lares . Lar (lär). The capital of the province of Laristan, Persia, situated about lat. 27° 31′ N., long. 54°10′ E. Population, estimated, about 12,000. Lara (lä'rä). The name of a family belonging to the Castilian aristocracy of the 10th century, whose adventures have been made the subject of many ballads. See the extract. The ballads which naturally form the next group are those on the Seven Lords of Lara, who lived in the time of Garcia Fernandez, the son of Fernan Gonzalez. Some of them are beautiful, and the story they contain is one of the most romantic in Spanish history. The Seven Lords of Lara, in consequence of a family quarrel, are betrayed by Lapito (lä-pē tō'), Louis Auguste. Born at St.-Maur, near Paris, 1805: died at Boulogne- sur-Seine, near Paris, April 7, 1874. A French landscape-painter. Laplace (lä-pläs'), Marquis Pierre Simon de. Born at Beaumont-en-Auge, Calvados, France, March 28, 1749: died at Paris, March 5, 1827. thirty ballad it i some very old and exhibiting either invens Larius (lā'ri-us) Lacus. [Gr. ἡ Λάριος λίμνη.] The Roman name of the Lake of Como. A celebrated French astronomer and mathematician. His father was a farmer. Laplace went to Paris and obtained, through the influence of, D'Alembert, a position as profe or of mathematics in the Ecole Militaire. In 1799 Napoleon made him minister of the interior, a post which he held only six weeks. In 1803 he was vice-president of the Senate. He was made a peer by Louis XVIII. and marquis in 1817. Among his most noted researches are those on the inequality of the motions of Jupiter and Saturn, on lunar motions, on probabilities, and on the tides. His most famous work is the "Mécanique céleste" (1799-1825: English translation by Nathaniel Bowditch), published also "Exposition du système du (1796), etc. Lapland, or Lappland (lapʻland). The country of the Lapps, situated in the extreme north of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the north-western part of the government of Archangel, Ru ia. The inhabitants are chiefly Lapps (estimated at 28,000), comprising Mountain Lapps (chiefly nomadic) and Fisher Lapps. The religions are Luther an and Greek Church. The Lapps were reduced by the Ru ians in the 11th century, by the Norwegians in the 14th, and by the Swedes in the 16th. La Plata. See Rio de la Plata . La Plata (lä plätä). One of the old names of Sucre or Chuquisaca, Bolivia. La Plata (lä pla'tä). A port and the capital of the province of Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic, situated at the mouth of the river Santiago, an affluent of the Rio de la Plata, 24 miles east-southeast of Buenos Ayres. It was founded in Nov., 1882, and its growth has been phenomenal. It is now the most important port of the republic, and has a cathedral, astronomical observatory, museum, and many other public institutions. The suburb of Tolosa is the central point of the Argentine railway system. Population (1893), about 70,000. La Plata, The United Provinces of. The official name of the Argentine Republic from their uncle into the hands of the Moors, and put to death; while their father, with the basest treason, is confined in a Moorish prison, where, by a noble Moorish lady, he has an eighth son, the famous Mudarra, who at last avenges all the wrongs of his race. On this story there are above tions or not elsewhere recorded, others seem to have come directly from the "General Chronicle." Ticknor , Span. Lit., I. 126. Lara. A narrative poem by Lord Byron, published in 1814: so called from the name of its hero. Lara (lä'rä). A state of northwestern Venezuela, between Falcon and Carabobo, with a small extent of coast on the Caribbean Sea. Capital, Barquisimeto. Area, 9,296 square miles. Population (estimated, 1890), 260,681. Lara (lä'ra), Juan Jacinto. Born at Carora, Barquisimeto, 1778: died at Barquisimeto, Feb. 25, 1859. A Venezuelan general of the war for independence. He enlisted in 1810, and held many important commands in Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru; led the Colombian troops at the battle of Ayacucho, Dec. 9, 1824; and remained in command of the Colombian contingent after Bolivar left Peru in 1826. On Jan. 26, 1827, his troops revolted, made him prisoner, and sent him to Bogotá, where he was released. This event led to the withdrawal of the Colombians from Peru, and the rejection by that country of Bolivar's constitution. La Rábid a (lä räʼbē-dä). The name commonly given to the Francis can convent of Santa Maria de Rábid a, on a hill near the town of Palos, Spain. It is a ociated with several incidents in the life of Christopher Columbus. The convent, which had fallen to ruins, was restored in 1855. Larache, or Larash. See El -Araish. Laramie City (lar'a-me sit'i). The capital of Albany County, Wyoming, situated on the Union Pacific Railroad 45 miles west-northwest of Cheyenne: a trading center. Population (1900), 8.207. Laramie Mountains. A range of mountains in southern Wyoming and northern Colorado. It extends east and northeast of the Laramie Plains. IMG:content-0692.png:[blocks in formation] La Rive (lä rev'), Auguste de. Born at Ge- neva, Oct. 9, 1801: died at Marseilles, Nov. 27, 1873. A Swi physicist, son of Charles Gaspard de La Rive, physician and chemist (1770-1834). He was made profe or of natural philosophy at the Acad-