Murad, or AMURATH

I. Turkish sultan 1359-89. He added Roumelia, Bulgaria, and Servia to the empire, and gained great victories at Adrianople 1361, and at Kosovo 1389. - II. Sultan 1421-51. He besieged Constantinople 1422, was twice defeated by the Christians under Hunyady and Cardinal Julian, was victorious at Warna 1444, and twice abdicated and twice resumed the government.-III. Sultan 1574-95; involved in wars with Persia and Austria, revolts of the provinces, and troubles with the Janizaries. IV. Sultan 1623-40. He reduced the Janizaries to obedience, invaded Persia, and took Bagdad by storm 1638.-V. b.1840; sultan May-Aug. 1876; deposed as insane. Murænidæ. See APODES.