bacillus, pi. bacil'li

[L. dim. of baculus, a rod.] i. In anatomy, a rod-shaped structure, as the rods in the layer of rods and cones of the retina. 2. In pharmacy, pencil, a remedy, usually for external use, moulded into a cylindrical form. 3. of the genus Bacillus;* used often also as a term for any bacterium. Achalme's b., an anaerobic organism, found in certain cases of rheumatism, probably belonging to the same group as Welch's b. acid-fast b., one of a group, including B. tuberculosis and B. leprcB, which are not decolorized, after staining, by treatment with acids. Afanas's ieffs b., one foimd in certain cases in the sputum in whooping cough, an'imal b,, a b. developing in the ti ues or fluids of a living animal, as distinguished from one growing in a culture. Bang's b., B. abortus. Barton's b., Barton ell a bacilliform is. BordetGengou b., a minute ovoid b. with deeply staining poles, found in the sputum in pertu is. corn'ma b.. Spirillum cholera asiaticce. Czaplew'- ski's b., pole bacterium.* Dan'ysz b., a microorganism isolated in cases of disease in fieldmice and found to be extremely pathogenic for rats, inducing in them a rapidly fatal disease, but apparently harmle to man. Ducrey's' b., an organism thought to be specific in chancroid. E'berth's b., B. typhosus. FinklerPri'or b., an organism resembling the comma bacillus, found in certain cases of cholera nostras. Flex'ner's b., a variety of B. dysenterim. Fried'lSnder's b., B. pneumonim. GaerTner's b., B enter it i dis. gas b., B. aero genes. gra b., hay b Guillebeau's' b,, an organism found in cases of udder disease in cattle with the giving of ropy milk. Han's en's b,, B. leprm. Ha'velburg's b., a b. found in the stomach contents in cases of yellow fever and thought at one time to be pathogenic of that disease, hay b., B. subtil is. Hoffman's b., B. pseudo diphtheric us. Kitasa'to's b., B. pest is. hog-chol'era b., B. suipestifer. Klebs-Loeffler B. diphtheria!. Koch's b., (i) B. tuberculosis; (2) Spirillum cholera asiaticce. Koch-Weeks a small, slender, non-motile, gram-negative organism, the cause of acute contagious conjunctivitis, or pink-eye. Kop'Uk's b., a micro organ- i°S ism found in the sputum in certain cases of whooping-cough, lac'tic-acid b., one of a number of bacilli, transforming lactose and other sugars into lactic acid; B. bulgaricus is one of the most important of these. Loeff'ler's b., B. diphtheria. Lust'garten's b., a microorganism isolated in many cases of syphilis and formerly regarded as po ibly pathogenic of that disease. Ma ol's' b., B. bulgaricus. Miller b., a form found in car i ous tooth cavities. Mo'raz-Ax'enfeld b., a short thick b., occurring usually in pairs, said to be pathogenic in certain mild forms of conjunctivitis. zur Hedd'en's b., a small, sometimes slightly curved b., found in certain cases of corneal ulceration. Hicolai'er's b., B. teiani. Opp'- ler-Bo'as b., a streptobacillus found in the gastric secretions in certain cases of cancer of the stomach, paraco'lon b., a microorganism resembling the colon and the typhoid bacilli and believed to cause one of the forms of paratyphoid fever, paradysenter'ic b., a microorganism isolated by Castellan i from several apparently mild cases of dysentery in Ceylon, paraty'phoid b., a micro-organism, resembling the para colon b., but causing paratyphoid fever; there are two or more, distinct varieties of this bacillus; see Bacillus paratyphosus, Pe'rez b., CoccobaciU lus fcetidus nas i, the supposed pathogenic organism of ozena. Pfeiff'er's b., B. influenza. plague b., B. pest is. pole b., pole bacterium.* pBeu"dodiphthe'ria b., B. hoffmanni. Read'ing b., a, spore-bearing non-pathogenic, proteolytic anaerobe, employed in the treatment of wounds to hydrolyze the necrotic ti ue, leaving a healthy, granulating surface; its presence is marked by a foul odor. Ro's enbach's b., B. saprogenes. Sanarel'li's b., B. icteroides. Scheur'lein*s b., a microorganism found in cancer of the breast and also in non-malignant tumors; not pathogenic. Shi'ga's b., B. dysenteries. Stern'berg's b., (i) Micrococcus lanceolatus; (2) Bacillus X. swine-plague b., B. sui septic us. Vin'cent's b., Spirochceta angina vincent i, B.fusiform is. Week's b., Koch-Weeks b. Welsh's b., B. aero genes oapsulatus. y. b., Bacillus y. Yer's in's b., B. pest is. Yzquier'- do's b., the specific b. of Carrion's disease. Bacil'lus. A genus of schizomycetes or bacteria, of a generally rod-shaped or elongated form, varying, however, considerably in shape and size; they divide transversely and may therefore be found in threads or chains of greater or le er length. B. abor'tus, Bang's bacillus, the pathogenic microorganism, of infectious abortion, a disease occurring in cows and occasionally in women. B. ace'tic us, causes the change of alcohol into acetic acid. B. ac'idi lac'tic i, one of several bacilli transforming the lactose in milk into lactic acid. B. acidoph'ilus, a lactic-acid b., allied to or identical with B. bulgaricus. B. ac'nes, a short, plump, gram-positive b. found by Unna in comedones and acne lesions. B. aSrog'enes capsula'tus, a non-motile, non flagellated, gram-positive, gas-forming b. causes; subcutaneous emphysema, and after death bubbles of inflammatory gas are found in the organs. B. aer'trycke, B. suipestifer. B. al'vei [L. alveus, beehive], causes foul-brood in bees. B. aminoph'ilus in test in a'lis, an organism inhabiting the cecum, which produces histamine. B. amylobac'ter [G. amyl on, starch, -|- bakterion, so called because in certain media it gives a blue color like the reaction of iodine on starch], B. bulyricus. B. anthra'cis, a non-motile, gram- positive organism, with a tendency to strep to bacillary forms; the specific cause of anthrax. B. anthra'cis symptom at'ici, B. carbon is, a motile, flagellated, gram-negative b., the specific cause of symptomatic anthrax. B. asiat'icus, an organism, of which two varieties, A and B, have been.described, found in cases of a low, protracted, but rather mild fever, of intermittent or remittent type, without roseola or splenic enlargement, occurring in Ceylon. B. botuli'^ nus, an anaerobic b. discovered by Van Ermengem in a ham which was the cause of a number of cases of meat poisoning. B. breslavien's is, found in tainted meat in several outbreaks of food poisoning in Breslau. B. bronchi sep'tic us, an organism which causes distemper in cats and dogs. B. bulgar'icus, Ma ol's b., a lactic acid b., gram-positive in young cultures, usually negative in old ones. B. butyr'icus, Clostridium butyricum, forms butyric acid from carbohydrates. B. capsula'tus muco's us, B. pneumonia. B. carbo'nis, B. anthracis symptomatic i. B. cavici'da [L. cavia, guinea-pig, + cadere, to kill], a b. found in human feces, which is fatal to guinea pigs. B. cellulfeforin'ans, a non-motile b. found in meat which had been the cause of an extensive outbreak of food poisoning. B. ceylonen's is, a, microorganism found in certain cases of a typhoid-like fever in Ceylon; po ibly identical with B. colombensis. B. chol'erse gallina'rum, a. non-motile, gram-negative b., described by Perron cito in 1878, the specific cause of chicken cholera. B. clo'acee^ a microorganism found in sewage, supposed to be non-pathogenic, but has been observed in certain septicemic states such as Archibald's fever.* B. co'licommu'nioT, a variety of B. col i communis from which it differs in several cultural peculiarities. B. co'li commu'nis, a motile, flagellated, gram negative organism, normally present in the intestine; it is believed to be usually nonpathogenic, but readily becomes virulent and may invade the blood and ti ues outside of the intestine. B. colomben's is, a motile, gram negative bacterium, not liquefying gelatin, the growth in agar resembling that of the typhoid bacillus; found by Castellan i in cases of Colombo fever.* B. cory'zse segmento's us, B. sept us. B. cuniculici'da [L. cuniculus, rabbit, + cadere, to kill], the b. of rabbit septicemia. B. cyanog'enes [G. kyanos, blue, -1- gennao, I produce], blue-milk b., causes a blue coloration in milk. B. diphthe'rise, KlebsLoeffler b., discovered by Klebs in 1883 and isolated and cultivated by Loeffler in 1884; the specific cause of diphtheria. B. ducrey'i, a b. occurring in chains (streptobacillus), described by Ducrey as the specific, cause of chancroid. B. dysente'rise, a motile, flagellated, gram-negative organism, described by Shiga as the specific cause of bacillary dysentery. B. dyso'des [G. dysodes, bad smelling], causes a peculiar fermentation in bread, rendering it inedible. B. emphysema to's us, a b. causing gas-phlegmon. B. enter it'idis, found in meat which had been the cause of extensive poisoning, and also in the spleen in one fatal case in man. B. epilep'tic us, a spore-bearing microorganism having its chief habitat in the cecum, which has been suggested as the cause of epilepsy. B. fascalis alkalig'enes, an alkali-forming b. in the intestine, closely resembling the typhoid b. B. figu'rans [so called because its plate cultures form complicated figures], B. proteus vulgar is. B. fluores'cens, causes a fluorescence in fluids containing it. B. friedebergen's is, found in sausage meat which had caused an outbreak of meat poisoning. B. fusiform'ls, the cause of Vincent's angina. B. gastroph'ilus, Boas-Oppler b., a lactic-acid b., said to be found in the stomach in cases of cancer only. Bj grave'olens [L. gravis, noisome, olere, to smell], the supposed cause of -I bromidrosis. B. hoffmtum'i, B. pseudo diphtheric us. B. ictero'des, B. icteroi'des, Sanarelli's b., at one time put forward as the cause of yellow fever. B. in'dicus, a b. found by Koch in the stomach of an ape; its cultures have a red color. B. infan'tlUs, a spore-forming organism isolated from the feces in certain cases of infantilism of the Herter type. B. influen'zse, Pfeiffer's b., a very minute, non-motile, gram negative organism, the specific cause of influenza, discovered by Pfeiffer in 1892 B. lactimor'bi [L lac(lact-), milk, + morbus, disease], an organism somewhat resembling the tetanus bacillus, found in milk-sickne in cattle. B. lep'rae, a non-motile, acid-fast, gram-negative organism, the specific cause of leprosy, discovered by Hansen in 1871. B. lev'ans [L. levare, to raise (leaven)], a carbonic-acid-producing b. found in sour dough. B. mal'lei, a curved b. thicker and shorter than the tubercle b. the cause of glanders,: discovered by Loeffler and Schiitz in 1882. B. meliten's is, the specific microorganism of Malta fever, discovered by Bruce. B. mesenter'icus, a b. the potato culttu-e of which presents num.erous folds on the surface, resembling the mesentery. B. morbif'loans bo'vi, found in cattle sick with puerperal paralysis, chronic pyemia, and perforative peritonitis. B. morseele, an organism very like B. enter it i dis. B. muco's us capsula'tus, B. pneumo'nicE. B. multipedic'ulus, one forming on potato colonies with many projecting lines, resembling an insect. B. murisep'tic us [L. mus{niuY-), mouse, septic us, putrefactive], -ta minute, non-motile, gram-positive organism, pathogenic for mice, similar to, if not identical with, B. rhusiopaihics suis. B. mycoi'des, a b. the colonies of which in solid transparent media resemble mould. B. neapolita'nus, B. co^li commu'nis; it was first obtained by Emmerich from the bodies of men dead of cholera in Naples, and erroneously regarded by him as the pathogenic agent of the disease. B. necroph'or us, B. necro's eos, a long b. causing necrotic and gangrenous inflammation in many experiment animals; Strepiothrix cunicuU. B. oedem'at is malig'ni, a motile, flagellated, gram-negative b., the specific cause of malignant edema. B. paratypho's us, paratyphoid bacillus; there are at least two strains of this bacillus, called B. paratypkosus A and B. paratyphosus B, which are sometimes qualified as acidumfaciens and alkaUfaciens respectively. B. perfrin'gens, a microorganism causing gas phlegmon. B. pes'tis, a pleomorphous cocco bacillus, often occurring in chains and sometimes encapsulated, the specific cause of bubonic plague. B. plurisep'tic us, a collective term for the pathogenic agents of hemorrhagic septicemia. B. pneumo'nise, Fried lander's b., pneumobacillus; an encapsulated non-motile, gram-negative, short b. found in cases of pneumonia, but not regarded as pathogenic for that disease. B. prodigio's us, an organism frequently present on food, but apparently not pathogenic; its toxin mixed with that of the erysipelas streptococcus constitutes Coley's* fluid. B. pro'teus capsula'tus [G. Pro- teus, a sea-god who had the power to change his form], a usually harmle intestinal parasite, but capable of becoming virulent under certain conditions. B. pro'teus hom'in is, an intestinal b., usually a harmle parasite, but sometimes pathogenic. B. pro'teus mirab'ilis [L. mirabilis. wonderful], a motile, flagellated, gram-negative, pleomorphous b., resembling B. proteus vulgar is, and usually a ociated with it. B. pro'teus vulga'ris [L. vulgar is, common], a motile, flagellated, gram-negative, pleomorphous organism, found in decomposing animal matter and in the ti ues after death. B. pro'teus zenk'eri, a motile organism, closely resembling B. proteus vulgar is, and usually a ociated with it. B. pseu"dodiphther'icus, Hoffmann's b., an organism resembling the B. diphtheria, but probably not pathogenic. B. pseudotuberculo's is roden'tium, a coarse, nonmotile, gram-negative b., producing no spores, found in pseudotuberculosis of various rodents. B. psittaco's is, a short, thick, motile, gram negative organism, the cause of psittacosis. B. putrif'icus, an intestinal organism which causes the decomposition of albumin. B. pyocyan'eus [G. pyon, pus, + kyanos, blue], "blue pus b., a motile, flagellated, gram-negative b., pathogenic for small animals and sometimes for man; it causes a bluish or greenish coloration of pus. B. pyog'enes [G. pyon, pus, -|- gennao, I produce], is found in ichorous pus; regarded by some as identical with, or nearly related to, B. col i communis. B. rhinosclero'in at is, a short capsulated organism, somewhat resembling Fried lander's b., discovered by Fritsch in 1882. B. rhusiopath'iae su'is [G. rhousios, reddish, + pathos, suffering; L. sus{suis), hog; Fr. rouget du pore, swine erysipelas], a b. nearly if not quite identical with B. murisepiicus, found in swine erysipelas. B. saprog'enes [G. sapros, putrid, -Igennao, I produce], a form which has been isolated from the sweat of the feet in bromidrosis. B. satelli'tis, an organism believed by Molikoff to be the cause of the intestinal ulceration in typhoid fever. B. scarlati'noe, an organism isolated from the ti ues in cases of scarlet fever; it is slightly smaller than B. diphtheria, has no polar bodies, and varies from coccus-like to large bacillary forms. B. sep'tus, B. coryzce seg mentos us, one of the microorganisms of a "cold"; it is believed to cause a mild pharyngitis, torticollis, and "muscular rheumatism." rather than a coryza. B. smeg'mat is, an organism found in smegma from the genitals of man and animals, in general resembling morphologically B. tuberculosis. B. sub'til is, hay b., a motile non-pathogenic b., found in the dust of hay. B. suipes'tifer [L. sus(sui-), pig, -|- pest is, pest, -h ferre, to carry], a motile, flagellated, gram negative organism, formerly regarded as the specific cause of hog cholera. B. suisep'tic us [L. sus(sui-), hog, + G. septikos, putrefying], a nonmotile, non-flagellated, gram-negative organism, the b. of swine-plague. B. tet'ani, a motile, gram-positive b. with a large spore at one end, the specific cause of tetanus; it was isolated by Nicolaier in 1884. B. tuberculo's ls, tubercle b.. Koch's b., a non-motile, acid-fast organism, often branching, belonging probably to the higher bacteria, resembling actinomyces, and not truly a bacillus; the specific cause of tuberculosis, first accurately described by Robert Koch in 1882. B. tuberculo's is a'vium, the b. of bird tuberculosis, probably a variety of the human b. of tuberculosis, though po ibly a