GUISCARD, ROBERT

(1015-85);1 Norman conqueror of Sicily; Count of Apulia, 1057; reduced Sicily, 1061-72; conquered Bari, 1071; drove Henry IV. from pe Rome ne and restored a pope, Oe ee 1083-84. of fami i founded by Claude of "Loraine ae) Duke of G., who served with distinction in Italy under Francis I., and later in Luxembourg, 1542; his dau. Mary m. James V. of Scotland, and. his two eldest sons attained great importance. Francis, 2nd duke, elder s. of Claude, acquired great military reputation by his defense of Metz against Charles V., '1552, and his conquest of Calais, 1558: he subsequently captured Guines and _Arlon, and in 1562 defeated the Huguejnots at Dreux; was for many years the most powerful personage in France; a a inated in 1563. His bro. Charles entered the Church, and became cardinal of Lorraine; he was prominent minister of Henry II., and introduced Inquisition in France. Henry, 3rd duke (1550-88), is chiefly noted for his opposition to Huguenots, whom he defeated at Jarnac and Mon contour, 1568, and ‘against. whom he formed Catholic League, 1584; he also had considerable _ share in instigating the ma acre of St. _ Bartholomew’s Eve in 1572, and opue es Henry of Navarre; he was a a inated in 1588. Henry, 5th duke, failed to secure crown of Naples, 1647, 1654. Title became extinct with death of Mary, Duche of G., in 1688. h