timber1 (timber)

and a. [Also dial. timmer; Icel. timbr = Sw. timmer = Dan. tömmer = Goth. * timrs (in the deriv. timrjan , build, timrja , builder), timber; orig. material (of wood) to build with; akin to L. dom us = Gr. δόμος = Skt. dam a = OBulg. domů , house (lit. a building of wood); from the verb seen in Gr. δέμειν , build: see domel.] I. n. 1. Wood suitable for building houses or ships, or for use in carpentry, joinery, etc.; trees cut down and squared or capable of being squared and cut into beams, rafters, planks, boards, etc. Of this pyece off tymbre made the lewes the cro e of oure lord. Holy Rood (E. E. T. S.), p. 155. Ye've taken the timber out of my ain wood, And burnt my ain dear jewel! Lady Marjorie (Child's Ballads, II. 341). 2. Growing trees, yielding wood suitable for constructive uses; trees generally; woods. See timber -tree. The old ash, the oak, and other timber shewed no signs of winter. Gray, Letters, I. 247. 3. In British law, the kind of tree which a tenant for life may not cut; in general, oak, ash, and elm of the age of twenty years and upward, unle so old as not to have a reasonable quantity of useful wood in them, the limit being, according to some authorities, enough to make a good post. Local customs include also ( a ) some other trees, such as beech or hornbeam, and ( b ) trees of le or greater age or tested by girth instead of age. 4. Stuff; material. They are the fittest timber to make great politics of. Bacon, Goodne (ed. 1887). 5. A single piece of wood, either suitable for use in some construction or already in such use; a beam, either by itself or forming a member of any structure: as, the timbers of a house or of a bridge.-6. Naut., one of the curving pieces of wood branching upward from the keel of a ve el, forming the ribs.-7. The wooden part of something, as the beam or handle of a spear. He bowed on his horse nekke, and the tymbir of the Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 541. speres fly in peces. 8. The stocks. [Rare.] The squire... gives me over to the beadle, who claps me here in the timber . D. Jerrold, Men of Character, Christopher Snub, i. timber1 (tim'ber), v. [ timbren , tymbren , tim brian OS. tim brian , timbron = OFries. timbra , timmera = D. timmeren = MLG. tim be- ren , timmeren = OHG. zimbrōn , MHG. zimbern , G. zimmern = Icel . timbra = Sw. timra = Dan. tömre = Goth. timrjan , build; from the noun.] I.t in trans. To build; make a nest. Moche merueilled me what maister the i hadde, And who tauzte hem on trees to tymbre so heighe, There no it her buirn ne beste may her briddes rechen. Piers Plowman (B), xi. 352. There was a Bargain struck up betwixt an Eagle and a Fox, to be Wonderful Good Neighbours and Friends. The One Took Up in a Thicket of Brushwood, and the Other Timber'd upon a Tree hard by. That piece of cedar, That fine well timbered gallant. B. Jonson, Volpone, iv. 2. 2. Made of or furnished with timber or timbers: as, a well- timbered house; well- timbered land. pan, tympanum. Cf. timbrel and timbre3 .] A tambourine; a timbrel. The tymbres up ful sotilly They caste. Rom . of the Rose , 1. 772. Blowinge off bugles and bemes aloft, Trymlinge of tabers and tymbring soft. From toppe to toe yee mighte her see, Timber'd and tall as cedar tree. timbered, timbred (tim'berd), a . [ timber3 +-ed2.] In her . , ensigned by a helmet or other head-piece set upon it: said of the escutcheon. timberer (tim'ber-er), n . Same as timberman . timber-frame (tim'ber-frām), n. Same as gang- saw . E. H. Knight. timber-grouse (tim'bėr-grous), n. Any grouse of wood-loving habits, as the ruffed grouse, the pine-grouse, or the spruce-partridge. [U.S.] timber-head (tim'ber-hed), n. Naut ., the top end of a timber, rising above the deck, and serving for belaying ropes, etc.: otherwise called kerel -head. timber-hitch (tim'ber-hich), n. Naut . , the end of a rope taken round a spar, led under and over the standing part, and pa ed two or three turns round its own part, making a jamming eye. See hitch . timbering (tim'bėr-ing), n. Timber-work; tim- bers collectively: as, the timbering of a mine. timber-line (tim'bėr-lin), n . The elevation above the sea-level at which timber ceases to grow. It differs in different climates. timber ling (tim'ber-ling), n. [ timber1 + -ling1 .] A small timber-tree. [Local.] timber-lode (tim'bėr-lōd), n. In law , formerly, a service by which tenants were to carry tim- ber felled from the woods to the lord's house. timberman (tim'ber-man), n.; pl. timbermen timbrology (tim-brol'ō-ji), n. [ timbre , (-men). 1. In mining, one who attends to pre postage-stamp, + -ology .] The science or study paring and setting the timbering used for sup of postage-stamps. Encyc . Dict. porting the levels and shafts in a mine, or for timbul, n. Same as timbal . any other purpose connected with the under- pounds; on one side of the head there a cutting edge which is not quite parallel to the handle, and on the other side a poll which is used for driving up props. the king of this countrey one Hakluyt's Voyages , I. 355. Call on , Lectures on Mining (tr. by Le Neve Foster and [Galloway), I. 231. thocinus or Astynomus ædilis . timber-merchant (tim'ber-merchant), n. The sable-stoled sorcerers bear his worshipt ark. Milton , Nativity, 1. 219. timburinet, n. Same as timbo urine . timel (tim), n. [Early mod. E. also tyme ; time , tyme , tim a , time, season, = Icel. tim i , time, season, = Norw. time , time, an hour, = Sw. tim me , an hour, = Dan. time , an hour, a le on; with formative suffix- ma , from the seen in tide : see tidel , and cf. tilll . Not con- nected with L. temp us , time: see tensel .] 1. The system of those relations which any event has timber-scribe (tim'bėr-skrīb), n . A metal tool or pointed instrument for marking timber; a race-knife. der). Cf.timbre2, timbre3 , from the same source.] timber-sowt (tim'ber-sou), n. A sow-bug or In her ., originally, the crest; hence, in modern wood-louse. See Oniscus . Bacon . heraldry, the helmet, miter, coronet, etc., when timber-tree (tim'ber-tre), n. A tree suitable IMG:content-0434.png:[blocks in formation] forded by the Coniferæ , as various kinds of pine, spruce, fir, cypre , cedar, the redwood, etc. Still more numerous, and distributed through many families, are the dicotyledonous timber-trees, including numerous oaks, eucalypts, ashes, elms, teak, mahogany, greenheart, chestnut, walnut, tulip, etc. Among monocotyledons, the palms afford some tim- ber, but almost no other family, unle the bamboo-wood can be so called. sistent entity, or object of contemplation. It may be con- ceived as a stream flowing through the field of the present and is often so described as, the stream of time ; the course of time , etc. This notion, however, is a confused one. According to Leibnitz, time is the confused appre- hension of a system of relations; but, looking at the mat- ter too much from the mathematical point of view, he failed to notice that time is not a general idea, but is con- tracted to the individual system of relations of the events that actually do happen. According to Kant, time (like space) is the form of an intuition; this apprehension of it corrected Leibnitz's oversight, but at the same time lost the truth contained in Leibnitz's view. Time is person i- fied as an old man, bald-headed but having a forelock, and carrying a scythe and an hour-gla . Be wyse, ready, and well aduysed, For tyme tryeth thy troth. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 84. By a rule as plain as the plain bald pate of father Time Shak ., C. of E., ii. 2. 71. timber-wolf (tim'ber-wulf), n . The ordinary large gray or brindled wolf of western parts of himself. North America, Canis lupus occidental is. Though by no means confined to wooded regions, this wolf is so named in antithesis to prairie - wolf (the coyote). [Western U. S.] timber-work (tim'bėr-werk), n. Work formed of timbers. man , Sylophaamberin - borer, shot - borer, and Bostrychi- timber-brick (tim'bėr-brik), n. A piece of timber of the size and shape of a brick, inserted timber-worm (tim'bėr-wėrm), n. 1t. A wood- timberdoodle (tim'bèr-döʼdl), n. The Ameri- can woodcock, Philohela minor . [Local, U. S.] timbered1 (tim'bėrd), p . a . [ timbred ; timber1 + -ed2 .] 1t. Built; framed; shaped; formed; contrived; made. Sche chold sone be bi-schet here-selue al-one, In a ful tristy tour timbred for the nones, IMG:content-0435.png:[blocks in formation] timber-yard (tim'ber-värd), (tim'b n. A yard or place where timber is deposited or sold; a wood or lumber-yard. timbesteret, n. See tumbester . timbo uri net (tim-bö-rēn'), n. [Also timburine ; ef. tambourine , e, timbre2 .] timbre2 .] A tambourine. B. Jon- son , Sad Shepherd, i. 2. IMG:content-0436.png:[blocks in formation] 2. A part of time considered as distinct from other parts; a period; a space of time: as, a short time ; a long time ; too little time was al- lowed; hence, season; particular period: as, summer- time ; springtime. Then aftur with-inne a shorte tyme. Political Poems , etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 84. time 3. A part of time considered as distinct from other parts, whether past, present, or future, and particularly as characterized by the occurrence of some event or series of events; especially, the period in which some notable person, or the person under consideration, lived or was active; age; epoch: as, the time of the flood, of Abraham, or of Moses: often in the plural: as, the times of the Pharaohs. Also he saith for certayn that in his tyme he had a frend that was auncyent & old, which recounted for trouth that in hys dayes he hadd seen many tymes such thinges. Rom. of Partenay. To hold, as 'twere, the mirror up to nature; to show the very age and body of the time his form and pres Shak., Hamlet, iii. 2. 27. The same times that are most renowned for arms are likewise most admired for learning. sure. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. 16. Was it (the Christian religion) not then remarkable in its first times for justice, sincerity, contempt of riches, and a kind of generous honesty? Stilling fleet , Sermons, I. iii. From 1813 to 1815 the island was under English rule, and the time of English rule was looked on as a time of freedom, compared with French rule before or with Austrian rule both before and after. E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 206. 4. Appointed, allotted, or customary period of years, months, days, hours, etc. Specifically-(a) Allotted span; the present life as distinct from the life to come, or from eternity; existence in this world; the duration of a being. Make use of time as thou valuest eternity. Fuller . IMG:content-0437.png:[blocks in formation] Washington, quoted in Bancroft's Hist. Const., I. 453. 11. All time to come; the future. [Rare.] That brought you forth this boy, to keep your name Living to time . Shak., Cor., v. 3. 127. 12. Reckoning, or method of reckoning, the lapse or course of time: with a qualifying word: as, standard time; mean time; solar or sidereal time.-13. Recurrent instance or occasion: as, many a time has he stood there; hence, a repeated item or sum; a single addition or involution in reckoning; repetition: as, four times four (four repetitions of four). IMG:content-0438.png:[blocks in formation] Shak., M. of V., i. 3. 107. I have prepar'd Choice music near her cabinet, and compos'd Some few lines, set unto a solemn time , In the praise of imprisonment. (b) The space of time needed or occupied in the comple- 14t. Tune; measure. tion of some course; the interval that elapses between the beginning and the end of something: as, the time be- tween New York and Queens town is now about six days; the race finished at noon: time , three hours and seven min- utes. (c) The period of gestation; also, the natural ter- min at i on of that period. Fletcher (and another ), False One, i. 2. I must fit all these times, or there's no music. Middle ton, Chaste Maid, ii. 3. definite engagement: as, the boy served his A. B.; to be out of one's time (that is, to cease being an apprentice, be a journeyman). [Colloq.] The apprentice might wear his cap in his master's presence during the last year of his time . J. Ashton , Social Life in Reign of Queen Anne, I. 82. (e) A term of imprisonment: as, to do time in the penitentiary. [Colloq.] 5. Available or disposable part or period of duration; leisure; sufficiency or convenience of time; hence, opportunity: as, to give one time to finish his remark; to have no time for such things; to ask for time. Daniel desired of the king that he would give him time. Dan. ii. 16. I like this place, And willingly would waste my time in it. Shak., As you Like it, ii. 4. 95. Shun. Why, he's of years, though he have little beard. P. sen. His beard has time to grow. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1. Sir Oliver S. Moses shall give me farther instructions as we go together. Sir Peter. You will not have much time , for your nephew lives hard by. Sheridan , School for Scandal, iii. 1. 6. A suitable or appropriate point or part of time; fitting season: as, a time for everything; a time to weep and a time to laugh. Now is tyme , zif it lyke zou, for to telle zou of the Marches and Iles, and dyverse Bestes, and of dyverse folk bezond theise Marches. Mandeville , Travels, p. 142. Signior, this is no time for you to flatter, Or me to fool in. Fletcher , Double Marriage, i. 2. 7. Particular or definite point of time; precise hour or moment: as, the time of day; what is the time? choose your own time. Att that tyme owt of the prese the i were, To rest them self a season to endure, Ther eche to other told his aventur. Generydes (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2595. Well, he is gone; he knoweth his fare by this time. Latimer , 4th Sermon bef. Edw. VI., 1549. God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets, hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son. Heb. i. 1. Good sister, when you see your own time, will you return home? Beau, and Fl., Woman-Hater, ii. 1. I shall cut your Throat some time or other, Petulant, about that Busine . Congreve, Way of the World, i. 9. 8. An appointed, fixed, or inevitable point or moment of time; especially, the hour of one's departure or death. His time was come; he ran his race. Swift, Death of Dr. Swift. 9. A mode of occupying time; also, what occurs in a particular time. I'm thinking (and it almost makes me mad) How sweet a time those heathen ladies had.... Cupid was chief of all the deities, And love was all the fashion in the skies. Dryden, Epil. to A mph i try on, or the Two Sosias. IMG:content-0439.png:[ocr errors] time Before timet, formerly; aforetime. See beforetime. If he haue not be maire byfore tyme, then he to come withoute any cloke, in his skarlet goune. English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 415. Behind the times, behind time. See behind . - Civil time, mean time adapted to civil uses, and distinguished into years, months, days, etc. - Close time. See close time . - Cockshut timet. See cockshut . Common time. (a) Milit ., the ordinary time taken in marching, distinguished from quick time , which is faster by about twenty steps a minute. (b) In music. See common . - Compound time. See compound measure , under compound . - Equation of time. See equation. - Equinoctial time, the mean longitude of the sun according to Delambre's tables, converted into time at the rate of 360° to the tropical year. This system was invented by Sir John F. W. Herschel. -From time to time, occasionally. - Green wich time, time as reckoned from the instant of the pa age of the sun's center over the meridian of Green wich near London, England, hence usually called the first meridian . Green wich time is the time most widely used by mariners in computing latitude and longitude. - Hard times, a period of diminished production, falling prices, hesitation or unwillingne to engage in new busine enterprises, and declining faith in the prosperity and soundne of old ones. Our greatest benefactors must now turn beggars like myself; and so, times are very hard, sir. exceeded. Farquhar , Love and a Bottle, i. 1. High time, full time, a limit of time which is not to be It is high time to wake out of sleep. Rom. xiii. 11. In good time. (a) At the right moment; in good season; hence, fortunately; happily; luckily. In good time , here comes the noble duke. Shak., Rich. III., ii. 1. 45. Lear. I gave you all - Reg . And in good time you gave it. Shak., Lear, ii. 4. 253. My distre es are so many that I can't afford to part with my spirits; but I shall be rich and splenetic, all in good time . Sheridan , School for Scandal, iv. 1. (bt) Well and good; just so; very well. "There," saith he, "even at this day are shewed the ruines of those three tabernacles built according to Peter's desire." In very good time , no doubt! Fuller, Pisgah Sight, II. vi. 27. ( Davies .) In the nick of time. See nick3 , 2. In time. (a) In good season; at the right moment; sufficiently early; before it is too late. Good king, look to 't in time ; duration, especially in metrical relations: as, to hold a tone its full time. (c) Same as tempo1: as, to sing a song in quick time. (d) The general movement of a form of composition or of (b) In the course of things; by degrees; eventually. a particular piece, involving its rhythm, its general metrical structure, and its characteristic tempo.-16. In pros., relative duration of utterance as measuring metrical composition; a unit of rhythmic measurement, or a group or succe ion of such units, applicable to or expre ed in language. In modern or accentual poetry the relative time of utterance of succe ive syllables is not recognized metrically. Every syllable may be considered as quantitatively common or indifferent in time, the only difference taken into account being that of stre or accent (ictus), and the number of syllables alone introducing the idea of measurement. In ancient prosody a unit of time is a umed (varying in actual duration according to the tempo), called the primary or least (minimum) time (χρόνος πρῶτος, ἐλάχιστος), also semeion or mora, or, specifically, a time. A time composed of two, three, etc., primary times (semeia) is called a disemic, trisemic, etc., time. Such times collectively are compound times, as opposed to the primary time as a simple time. As expre ed in language, a simple or compound time is a syllable, a simple time being regularly represented by a short syllable, a compound time by a (disemic, trisemic, etc.) long, usually disemic. A time which can be measured in terms of the unit is a rational time; one which cannot be so measured, an irrational time. A compound time in a poetic text may correspond to several simple times in the accompanying music or orchesis, and vice vers a. Similarly a simple or compound time in the rhythm may be unrepresented by a syllable or syllables in the text, and is then called an empty time, or pause. Times combine into pedal semeia (thesis and arsis), feet, and cola, all of which are called pedal times. These are measured in terms of the primary time, but not periods, etc. 17. In phren., one of the perceptive faculties, Its alleged organ is situated on either side of eventuality. This gives the power of judging of time, and of intervals in general, supposed to be e ential to music and versification. See phrenology. 18. One of the three dramatic unities formerly considered e ential in the cla ical drama. The unity of time consisted in keeping the period embraced in the action of the piece within the limit of twenty-four hours. See unity. 19. In fencing, a division of a movement. Thus, the lunge may be analyzed into three times (1) straightening the sword arm; (2) carrying the sword-point forward by advancing the right foot; (3) returning foot and hand to the correct position on guard.- Absolute time. See absolute. - Against time. See against. - A good time. (a) A favorable time or opportunity. (6) A pleasant or en joyable period or experience: also a fine time: often used ironically. [Colloq.] - A high time. See high. Appаrent time, the measure of the day by the apparent positions of the sun: it has had different varieties, but as now spoken of by astronomers it is determined by apparent noon, or the instant of pa age of the center of the sun over the meridian. - Astronomical time, mean solar time reckoned from noon through the twenty-four hours. - At the same time. See same. At times, at distinct intervals of duration. She'll hamper thee. Shak., 2 Hen. VI., i. 3. 147. In time the rod Becomes more mock'd than fear'd. Shak., M. for M., i. 3. 26. Local time, time at any place as determined by the pa age of the mean sun (or first point of Aries for sidereal time) over the meridian of that place. Owing to the adoption of Green wich mean time by British railways, of Paris time by French railways, of some central time in certain other countries, and of standard time by the railways of the United States and Canada, and their general adoption in busine centers, local time is now seldom kept in those countries.--Mean time. See means. Merry timet. See merry1. - Nautical time. Same as astronomical time, except that the date of the day agrees with the civil or ordinary time for the morning hours, while with astronomical time the date is in the afternoon hours the same as in civil time. - Old time, or old times, time gone by; a date or period long pa ed. Is there any thing whereof it may be said, See, this is new? it hath been already of old time , which was before Eccl. i. 10. us. IMG:content-0440.png:[blocks in formation] Physiological, psychophysical, quadruple, quintuple, relative time. See the adjectives. - Railway time, the standard of time-reckoning adopted by railways in making up their time-tables. - Retardation of mean solar time. See retardation. - Sextuple time. See sextuple. - Sidereal time. See sidereal. - Solar time. Same as apparent time. - Standard time, a uniform system of time-reckoning adopted in 1883 by the principal railways of the United States and Canada, and since then by most of the large cities and towns of both countries. By this system the continent is divided into four sections, each extending over 15 degrees of longitude (15 degrees of longitude making a difference in time of exactly one hour), the time prevailing in each section being that of its central meridian-that is, the time of the 75th meridian (called eastern time ) prevails in the first section; the time of the 90th meridian (called central time ) prevails in the next section; the time of the 105th meridian (called mountain time ) prevails in the third section; and the time of the 120th meridian (called Pacific time ) prevails in the fourth and most westerly section. In this way it is noon at the same moment in all places in the eastern section (that is, from 7 degrees east of the 75th meridian to 7 degrees west of it), while in the central section it is 11 o'clock, in the mountain section 10 o'clock, and in the Pacific section 9 o'clock. The nearer a place is to its central meridian the smaller is the discrepancy between its standard and its local time. Term time. See term, 6 (b). That timet, then. Gaffray that tyme , enb rasing shild and targe, By malice and wreth his spere faste he shoke, His coursere spored, no fentise on hym toke. Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 4212. The fullne of time. See fullne . The last times. See last5. The time compa . See compa . Time about, alternately. - Time enough, in season; early The Spirit of the Lord began to move him at times . Judges xiii. 25. enough. IMG:content-0441.jpg:[blocks in formation] Time immemorial. See time out of mind. Time of day. (a) Greeting; salutation appropriate to the time of the day, as "good morning" or "good evening." Not worth the time of day. Shak . , Pericles, iv. 3. 35. (b) The latest aspect of affairs. [Slang.] - Time of flight, See flight1.- Time out of mind, or time immemorial. (a) For an indefinitely long period of time past; in law, time beyond legal memory-that is, the time prior to the reign of Richard I. (1189). There hath byn, tyme out of mynde, a ffree scole kept within the said Citie, in a grete halle belongyng to the said Guylde, called the Trynite halle. English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), р. 205. The joiner squirrel or old grub, Time out o' mind the fairies' coach makers. Shak ., R. and J., i. 4. 69. (b) For an indefinitely long period. The Walnut-trees [in New England) are tougher than ours, and last time out of mind . S. Clarke, Four Chiefest Plantations (1670).. Time policy. See policy2 . To beat time. See beat1 . -To be master of one's time, to have leisure; be time. See come. - To fill time. See filll . To keep time. (a) To record time: as, the watch keeps good time. (b) In music , to beat, mark, or observe the rhythmic accents. Music do I hear? Ha, ha! keep time ; how sour sweet music is, When time is broke and no proportion kept! Shak., Rich. II., v. 5. 42. (c) To move in unison, as persons walking. - To kill time, See kill1. To lose time. (a) To fail by delay to take full advantage of the opportunity afforded by any conjuncture; delay. The earl lost no time , but marched day and night. Clarendon. (b) To go too slow: as, a watch or clock loses time. - To mark time. See mark1. - To pa the time of day. See pa . - To serve one's time, to serve time. See servel. To spend time, to apply one's energy in any way for the space of time considered. - To take time by the forelock. See forelock 2. - To walk, run, row, or go against time, to walk, run, row, or go, as a horse, a runner, or a crew, as rapidly as po ible, in order to ascertain the greatest speed attainable, or the greatest distance which can be pa ed over in a given time, or to surpa any previous record. - To waste time, to act to no purpose through a considerable space of time. - Tract of timet. See tract1, 1.- Triple time. See rhythm. - Universal time, a system of measuring time which shall be the same for all places on the earth. - What timet, when. After this, in the Year 180, what Time Lucius was King of this Island, Elutherius, then Bishop of Rome, sent Faganus and Damianus to him. Baker , Chronicles, p. 3. =Syn. 2. Term, while, interval. timel (tim), v.; pret. and pp. timed, ppr. timing. [ Bacon , Physical Fables, iv. This Piece of Mirth is so well timed that the severest Critick can have nothing to say against it. Add is on, Spectator, No. 279. 2. To regulate as to time. To the same purpose old Epopeus spoke, Who overlooked the oars, and timed the stroke. Add is on , tr. of Ovid's Meta morph., iii. He [the farmer] is a slow person, timed to nature, and not to city watches. Emerson , Farming. 3. To ascertain the time, duration, or rate of: as, to time the speed of a horse; to time a race. -4. To measure, as in music or harmony. II. in trans. 1. To waste time; defer; procrastinate. [Rare.] They [the amba adors of Henry II. to the Pope) timed it all that Spring, and great part of the next Sommer; when, although they could give the King no great security, yet they advertise him of hope. Daniel, Hist. Eng., p. 95. 2. To keep time; harmonize. Beat, happy stars, timing with things below. Tennyson, Maud, xviii. 8. 3. In fencing, to make a thrust upon an opening occurring by an inaccurate or wide motion of the opponent.